Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Variations in tectonic faulting and magmatism at the Southeast Indian Ridge at 108°-134°E
Copy editor: SUN Shu-jie
Received date: 2018-10-19
Request revised date: 2018-11-16
Online published: 2019-07-21
Supported by
Chinese Academy of Sciences Project((Y4SL021001);)
Chinese Academy of Sciences Project((YZ201325、YZ201534);)
China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association((DY135-S2-1-04);)
National Key Research and Development Program of China((2018YFC0309800);)
National Natural Science Foundation of China((91628301, U1606401, 41706056).)
Copyright
The Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) at 108°-134°E has a relatively constant intermediate full spreading rate of 72-76 mm·a -1 but exhibits significant variations in seafloor tectonic faulting and magmatism. This section of the SEIR encompasses the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD), shows a wide range of seafloor morphology similar to the diverse examples from slow- to fast-spreading ridges, and is associated with significant geophysical and geochemical anomalies. We used high- resolution multi-beam bathymetry data to calculate seafloor topographic slopes, ratio of fault scarp areas, map view and profile M factors. Combining residual mantle Bouguer anomaly and geochemical factors of Na8.0 and Fe8.0, we analyzed the fault tectonics and magmatic characteristics in our study area. A large number of Oceanic Core Complexes (OCC) zones are observed in Zone B within the AAD and Segment C5 immediately to the west of the AAD. The OCC features in Zone B are in general larger in size than those of Segment C5. The largest OCC is located in Segment B3, which extends~50 km along the SEIR spreading direction. In comparison to other segments, Zone B and Segment C5 have more negative residual mantle Bouguer anomalies, higher Na8.0 and lower Fe8.0, more fault scarp areas, and lower plane and profile M factors. These anomalies may reflect shallower initial mantle melting and lower degree of partial melting in Zone B and Segment C5, resulting in anomalously low magma supply, thin crust, and the development of OCC features when the magma supply is severely limited.
LIU Shoujin , LIN Jian , LUO Yiming . Variations in tectonic faulting and magmatism at the Southeast Indian Ridge at 108°-134°E[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019 , 38(4) : 70 -80 . DOI: 10.11978/2018110
图1 研究区水深及构造图黑色点线表示洋中脊的位置。OCC的位置用黄色星号表示。近南北向的线表示转换断层, 破碎带和非转换不连续带.黄色框线表示洋中脊分段及多波束水深数据的范围。红点和黄色短线是计算M值剖面的位置 Fig. 1 Topography and tectonic map of the study area. Black dots indicate the ridge axis. Yellow stars denote the locations of OCCs. Transform faults, fracture zones, and none-transform discontinuities are visible in the bathymetry map. White lines and frames define the ridge segments and regions with multi-beam bathymetry data. Red dots and yellow short lines show the locations of profiles for M factor calculations |
图3 岩浆参数M值计算卡通图a. 垂直于不含OCC的洋中脊剖面; b. 垂直于含OCC的洋中脊剖面。灰色垂直矩形表示洋中脊轴部岩浆注入的位置。箭头代表断块的位错方向。剖面修改自Smith(2013)。其中$M=\frac{\sum{{{X}_{\text{m}}}}}{\sum{{{X}_{\text{m}}}-\sum{{{X}_{\text{f}}}}}}$ Fig. 3 Cartoons for M factor calculations. Profiles perpendicular to normal mid-oceanic ridge: (a) without OCC; and (b) an OCC is located on the ridge flank. Vertical grey rectangles indicate the regions with magma intrusion. Arrows denote motion directions of fault blocks. Modified from Smith (2013). The M factor is given by $M=\frac{\sum{{{X}_{\text{m}}}}}{\sum{{{X}_{\text{m}}}-\sum{{{X}_{\text{f}}}}}}$ |
图4 研究区各段水深图(每子图的上方)及坡度图(子图的下方)黑色箭头代表洋中脊轴部位置及走向, 黑色圈指示OCCs高坡度区, 红色箭头指示OCCs. 白色线为剖面所在位置 Fig. 4 Water depth (top figure in each subpanel) and topographic slope (bottom figure) maps of ridge segments in our study area.Black arrows indicate the location and strike of the ridge axis. Black circles indicate regions with high slopes caused by OCCs. Red arrows indicate the OCCs.White lines denote locations of profiles |
图5 剖面的位置与水深(a)、剖面断裂位置(b)和坡度剖面(c)黑色箭头表示主要断层的位置和范围 Fig. 5 Profiles of water depth and slope of each segment. Locations of the profiles and water depth (top), faults locations (middle), and calculated slopes (bottom). Black arrows and short black lines denote the locations and extents of faults, respectively |
图6 研究区各分段坡度频率图研究区各段坡度被分为1000等份。黑点代表各分段坡度的频率, 曲线为三参数分布的拟合结果。阴影表示坡度≥10°区域的比例 Fig. 6 Slope frequency of each segment in the study area.Each segment was divided into 1000 parts. Black dots represent the slope frequency of the ridge segments. Black curves indicate the fitting results of three-parameter distribution. Areas with slope over 10° are shaded in light grey |
图7 研究区RMBA(a)、M值与RMBA的相关性(b)、RMBA与水深的相关性(c)图a中的白色圈线圈出了OCCs的范围; 图b中垂直误差棒与水平误差棒分别代表M值, RMBA的极值; 图c中红点表示研究区按0.1°×0.1°网格采样的平均水深与平均RMBA的关系, 蓝点代表OCC的平均水深与平均RMBA的关系, 垂直误差棒与水平误差棒分别为OCC区域RMBA的极值与水深的极值 Fig. 7 (a) RMBA in our study area. White curve lines outline the regions of OCCs. (b) Correlation between M factor and RMBA. Vertical and horizontal error bars show extremums of M factor and RMBA, respectively. (c) Correlation between RMBA and water depth. Red and blue dots denote average water depth versus average RMBA in 0.1°×0.1° grid of the whole study area and the OCC regions, respectively. Vertical and horizontal error bars represent extremums of RMBA and water depth of the OCC regions, respectively |
图8 研究区沿洋中脊的水深(a)、RMBA(b)、Na8.0(c)、Fe8.0(d)及平面和剖面M值(e)的剖面黑色箭头表示转换断层或者非转换不连续带的位置, 灰色虚线表示Na8.0值和Fe8.0值的变化趋势, 阴影表示发育OCC的洋脊段 Fig. 8 Profiles of (a) water depth, (b) RMBA, (c) Na8.0, (d) Fe8.0, and (e) map view M factor along the ridge axis in the study area. Black arrows indicate locations of the transform fault and the none-transform discontinuity. Gray dashed lines show trends of Na8.0 and Fe8.0 values. Ridge segments with OCCs are shaded in pink |
图9 研究区洋中脊的岩浆活动模型三角形表示上地幔部分熔融三角, 最上部浅蓝色长方体为地壳, 红色粗线条为洋中脊轴部, 黑色粗箭头为板块扩张方向 Fig. 9 Magmatic progress map of the study area. The triangles represent partial melting zones in the upper mantle. Red bold line on the crust surface represents the ridge axis. The black bold arrows represent the seafloor spreading directions |
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