Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Seasonal succession of macroalgae community in Naozhou Island
Received date: 2019-03-09
Request revised date: 2019-08-06
Online published: 2020-01-09
Supported by
China Marine Special Nonprofit Scientific Research(201105008-5)
China Marine Special Nonprofit Scientific Research(201505027)
Copyright
Seasonal investigation of intertidal zones of Naozhou Island was conducted from April 2011 to January 2012. The results show that there were 64 species of macroalgae in this Sargasso field, including 15 species of Phaeophyta, 28 species of Rhodophyta, 20 species of Chlorophyta and one species of Cyanophyta, accounting for 23.44%, 43.75%, 31.25% and 1.56% of the total species, respectively. Among the 64 species, 43 species were thriving in spring, 24 species were emerging in summer, 29 species were active in autumn and 31 in winter. Only nine species were thriving throughout the whole year, including six species of Rhodophyta, two species of Chlorophyta and one species Phaeophyta, while there were 14 species living through three seasons. There were about 12-26 common species that can be found between two seasons and the species turnover rate was from 0.42 to 0.78, associated with higher turnover rates in spring and summer and lower rates in autumn and winter. Moreover, there were 13 dominant species but only Pterocladiella capillacea was the all-year dominant species, while Sargassum hemiphyllum and Corallina pilulifera were the dominant species over three seasons. Average biomass vary greatly with season, with the order of spring (848.14 g·m-2)> winter (378.57 g·m-2)> autumn (297.99 g·m-2)> summer (294.15 g·m-2). There is clearly vertical variation in the species distribution as the species number increases significantly from high tidal zone to low tidal zone, while the biomass show similar changing trend, indicating both species and biomass increase with water depth in the tidal zone. The Shannon-Weinner index was from 0.03 to 2.33, with an annual average of 1.10, while the Pielou's index was from 0.01 to 0.70, with an annual average of 036; the Margalef index varied from 0.15 to 1.65, with an annual average of 0.72; and the Simpson’s dominance index varied from 0.01 to 0.78, with an annual average of 0.39. The total water content of seaweeds changes ranged from 51.42% to 97.52%, with an average moisture of 85.21%. The total organic carbon content of seaweeds varied from 4.34% to 42.06%, with an average of 27.99%, indicating a strong carbon storage capacity. We find a clear negative correlation between the biomass of large seaweeds and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), with a coefficient of 0.49 (P<0.05). The lower DIN of seawater during spring and winter is coincided with microalgae thriving seasons.
ZHANG Caixue , ZHOU Weinan , SUN Xingli , SONG Zhiguang . Seasonal succession of macroalgae community in Naozhou Island[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020 , 39(1) : 74 -84 . DOI: 10.11978/2019026
表1 硇洲岛岩礁区大型海藻季节间种类更替率Tab. 1 Species subrogation ratio of macroalgae between two seasons in the rocky zone of Naozhou Island |
项目 | 春/夏 | 春/秋 | 春/冬 | 夏/秋 | 夏/冬 | 秋/冬 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
各季节种数 | 43/24 | 43/29 | 43/31 | 24/29 | 24/31 | 29/31 |
共有种数 | 12 | 20 | 26 | 13 | 13 | 22 |
种类更替率R | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.46 | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.42 |
表2 调查海域各季节大型海藻的优势种群Tab. 2 Dominant species of marcoalgae in each season in the study area |
季节 | 优势种 | 平均生物量/(g·m-2) | 生物量百分比/% | 出现频度 | 优势度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
春季 | Sargassum hemiphyllum | 540.08 | 63.68 | 1.00 | 0.64 |
Pterocladiella capillacea | 128.64 | 15.17 | 1.00 | 0.15 | |
Colpomenia sinuosa | 76.33 | 9.00 | 0.80 | 0.07 | |
Asparagopsis taxiformis | 40.94 | 4.83 | 0.60 | 0.03 | |
夏季 | Caulacanthus ustulatus | 49.40 | 16.79 | 0.80 | 0.13 |
Chondracanthus intermedius | 46.08 | 15.67 | 0.40 | 0.06 | |
Centroceras clavulatum | 35.07 | 11.92 | 0.40 | 0.05 | |
Neogoniolithon sp. | 31.20 | 10.61 | 0.40 | 0.04 | |
Jania sp. | 26.75 | 9.10 | 0.40 | 0.04 | |
Cladophora stimpsonii | 20.84 | 7.09 | 1.00 | 0.07 | |
Pterocladiella capillacea | 17.36 | 5.90 | 1.00 | 0.06 | |
Corallina pilulifera f. sororia | 17.15 | 5.83 | 0.40 | 0.02 | |
Caulerpa taxifolia | 16.06 | 5.46 | 0.80 | 0.04 | |
秋季 | Pterocladiella capillacea | 113.19 | 38.24 | 0.80 | 0.31 |
Sargassum hemiphyllum | 55.29 | 18.68 | 0.60 | 0.11 | |
Chondracanthus intermedius | 33.92 | 11.46 | 0.40 | 0.05 | |
Valonia aegagropila | 29.57 | 9.99 | 0.60 | 0.06 | |
Corallina pilulifera f. sororia | 11.45 | 3.87 | 1.00 | 0.04 | |
冬季 | Pterocladiella capillacea | 175.81 | 40.08 | 0.80 | 0.32 |
Sargassum hemiphyllum | 109.51 | 24.96 | 0.60 | 0.15 | |
Corallina pilulifera f. sororia | 47.86 | 10.91 | 1.00 | 0.11 | |
Centroceras clavulatum | 46.60 | 10.62 | 0.60 | 0.06 |
表3 硇洲岛岩礁区大型海藻的多样性参数Tab. 3 Diversity parameters of marcoalgae in the rocky zone of Naozhou Island |
多样性指数 | 断 面 | 平均 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |||
春季 | H′ | 0.03 | 1.29 | 1.45 | 1.32 | 1.19 | 1.06 |
J | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.30 | |
d | 0.38 | 0.47 | 1.65 | 1.18 | 1.62 | 1.06 | |
1-λ′ | 0.01 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.38 | |
夏季 | H′ | 1.51 | 0.05 | 1.58 | 2.33 | 2.21 | 1.54 |
J | 0.65 | 0.02 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.62 | 0.53 | |
d | 0.45 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.76 | 0.97 | 0.65 | |
1-λ′ | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 0.55 | |
秋季Autumn | H′ | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.77 | 1.78 | 1.27 | 0.82 |
J | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.56 | 0.40 | 0.29 | |
d | 0.44 | 0.15 | 0.34 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.48 | |
1-λ′ | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0.30 | |
冬季 | H′ | 0.43 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 1.95 | 1.09 | 0.99 |
J | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.61 | 0.30 | 0.33 | |
d | 0.58 | 0.27 | 0.93 | 0.71 | 0.95 | 0.69 | |
1-λ′ | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.67 | 0.34 | 0.33 |
表4 硇洲岛主要大型海藻的碳含量(干重)Tab. 4 Carbon contents of major marcoalgae (dry weight) in Naozhou Island |
种类 | 含水率/% | TC/% | IC/% | TOC/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
紫杉状海门冬Asparagopsis taxiformis | 94.94 | 35.02 | 0.00 | 35.02 |
哈维羽藻Bryopsis harveyana | 89.97 | 17.37 | 1.22 | 16.15 |
茎刺藻Caulacanthus ustulatus | 94.12 | 35.96 | 0.02 | 35.94 |
盾叶蕨藻Caulerpa peltata | 61.42 | 34.43 | 3.97 | 30.46 |
衫叶蕨藻Caulerpa taxifolia | 95.26 | 29.43 | 2.26 | 27.17 |
纵胞藻Centroceras clavulatum | 86.96 | 20.12 | 0.00 | 20.12 |
气生硬毛藻Chaetomorpha aerea | 92.11 | 36.11 | 0.27 | 35.84 |
中间硬毛藻Chaetomorpha media | 91.21 | 25.89 | 0.66 | 25.23 |
粗枝软骨藻Chondria dasyphylla | 91.09 | 26.90 | 3.63 | 23.27 |
簇生刚毛藻Cladophoropsis fasciculatus | 78.19 | 9.05 | 0.00 | 9.04 |
斯氏刚毛藻Cladophora stimpsonii | 91.55 | 22.81 | 4.66 | 18.15 |
囊藻Colpomenia sinuosa | 87.83 | 27.92 | 0.54 | 27.38 |
小珊瑚藻姐妹变型Corallina pilulifera f. sororia | 57.54 | 16.29 | 9.19 | 7.10 |
珊瑚藻Corallina sp. | 83.14 | 42.07 | 0.01 | 42.06 |
网球藻Dictyosphaeria cavernosa | 94.69 | 17.15 | 3.45 | 13.7 |
鹅肠菜Endarachne binghamiae | 92.13 | 36.73 | 0.01 | 36.72 |
条浒苔Enteromorpha clathrata | 89.17 | 26.89 | 3.09 | 23.80 |
肠浒苔Enteromorpha intestinalis | 93.28 | 31.25 | 1.25 | 30.00 |
缘管浒苔Enteromorpha linza | 97.02 | 39.12 | 0.00 | 39.12 |
钝乳节藻Galaxaura obtusata | 64.68 | 17.86 | 6.23 | 11.63 |
太平洋乳节藻Galaxaura pacifica | 74.19 | 5.46 | 0.59 | 4.86 |
乳节藻Galaxaura sp. | 64.68 | 17.93 | 3.41 | 14.52 |
小石花菜Gelidium divaricatum | 83.96 | 41.75 | 0.00 | 41.75 |
小衫藻Gigartina intermedia | 76.15 | 40.53 | 0.19 | 40.34 |
舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida | 94.46 | 35.91 | 0.00 | 35.91 |
繁枝蜈蚣藻Grateloupia ramosissima | 97.52 | 32.13 | 0.00 | 32.13 |
种类 | 含水率/% | TC/% | IC/% | TOC/% |
扇形拟伊藻Gymnogongrus flabelliformis | 94.09 | 37.68 | 0.00 | 37.68 |
羊栖菜Hizikia fusiforme | 91.55 | 37.02 | 0.27 | 36.75 |
冻沙菜Hypnea japonica | 86.45 | 16.61 | 1.25 | 15.36 |
南方团扇藻Padina australis | 89.20 | 20.18 | 0.86 | 19.32 |
多管藻Polysiphonia sp. | 76.82 | 20.25 | 0.00 | 20.25 |
拟鸡毛菜Pterocladiella capillacea | 76.54 | 41.54 | 0.73 | 40.81 |
亨氏马尾藻Sargassum henslowianum | 88.53 | 39.96 | 0.00 | 39.96 |
全缘马尾藻Sargassum integerrimum | 87.06 | 39.57 | 0.00 | 39.57 |
硇洲马尾藻Sargassum naozhouense | 86.48 | 38.89 | 0.00 | 38.89 |
丛缘叶马尾藻Sargassum duplicatum | 82.52 | 34.62 | 0.00 | 34.62 |
半叶马尾藻Sargassum hemiphyllum | 84.31 | 37.30 | 0.11 | 37.19 |
孔石莼Ulva pertusa | 95.46 | 39.50 | 0.02 | 39.48 |
花石莼Ulva conglobata | 85.01 | 35.28 | 1.10 | 34.18 |
裂片石莼Ulva fasciata | 94.80 | 39.32 | 0.00 | 39.32 |
石莼Ulva lactuca | 82.66 | 15.19 | 6.24 | 8.95 |
囊状法囊藻Valonia utricularis | 93.39 | 40.32 | 0.72 | 39.60 |
指状藻Valoniopsis pachynema | 51.92 | 7.66 | 3.32 | 4.34 |
平均值 | 85.21 | 29.37 | 1.38 | 27.99 |
表5 硇洲岛岩礁区大型海藻物种多样性与其他海域比较Tab. 5 Comparison of macroalgae diversity between reef area of Naozhou island and other seas |
海域 | 调查时间 | 大型海藻种类数 | 平均生物量/(g·m-2) | 多样性指数 | 均匀度 | 种类丰富度 | 数据来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
三亚岩相潮间带 | 2008年 | 130 | 430.86 | 1.50 | 0.64 | 0.86 | 陈自强 等(2013) |
大连凤鸣岛潮间带 | 2011年 | 74 | 407.07 | 1.42 | 0.88 | 0.50 | 王琳(2014) |
硇洲岛 | 2011年 | 64 | 454.71 | 1.10 | 0.36 | 0.72 | 本研究 |
表6 大型海藻生物量与环境因子的相关性分析Tab. 6 Correlative analysis between marcoalgae biomass and environmental factors |
SS | WT | 盐度 | pH | DIN | $\text{PO}_{\text{4}}^{\text{3}-}$ | $\text{SiO}_{\text{3}}^{\text{2}-}$ | Chl a | TOC | 大型海藻 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | 1 | |||||||||
WT | -0.31 | 1 | ||||||||
盐度 | -0.04 | 0.20 | 1 | |||||||
pH | 0.08 | -0.26 | -0.66** | 1 | ||||||
DIN | -0.16 | 0.36 | -0.28 | -0.15 | 1 | |||||
PO43- | 0.09 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.19 | 0.24 | 1 | ||||
SiO32- | 0.20 | -0.47* | -0.20 | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0.10 | 1 | |||
Chla | 0.51* | -0.23 | -0.50* | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 1 | ||
TOC | 0.88** | -0.14 | 0.16 | -0.11 | -0.11 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.53* | 1 | |
大型海藻 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.18 | -0.49* | -0.09 | -0.10 | -0.22 | 0.03 | 1 |
注: *为显著相关, p<0.05 (双尾); **为极显著相关, p<0.01 (双尾)。 |
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