广西涠洲岛大型海藻场及其邻近海域桡足类群落结构演替特征

doi:10.11978/2022219

热带海洋学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 155-165.doi: 10.11978/2022219CSTR: 32234.14.2022219

广西涠洲岛大型海藻场及其邻近海域桡足类群落结构演替特征

郭键林¹(), 孙显²^,³, 杨宇峰¹, 王庆¹()

1.暨南大学生态学系, 人与自然生命共同体实验室, 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东广州 510632
2.中山大学海洋科学学院, 海洋生物资源与环境珠海重点实验室, 广东珠海 519082
3.广东省海洋资源与近岸工程重点实验室, 广东珠海 519000

收稿日期:2022-10-12 修回日期:2022-12-10 出版日期:2023-07-10 发布日期:2022-12-12
作者简介:
郭键林(1997—), 男, 广东省梅州市人, 硕士研究生, 从事浮游动物生态学研究。email: 897363730@qq.com
基金资助:
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)资助项目(SML2021SP203); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41977268); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271684)

The succession characteristics of copepod community structure in the seaweed bed and its adjacent waters in the Weizhou Island, Guangxi Province

GUO Jianlin¹(), SUN Xian²^,³, YANG Yufeng¹, WANG Qing¹()

1. Department of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province Jinan University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510632, China
2. School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China

Received:2022-10-12 Revised:2022-12-10 Online:2023-07-10 Published:2022-12-12
Supported by:
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)(SML2021SP203); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977268); National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271684)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2021年7月和11月、2022年1月和4月对广西涠洲岛大型海藻场及其邻近海域的桡足类及其休眠卵进行了调查。在水体中共鉴定出桡足类43种, 优势种为锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)、强额拟哲水蚤(Pavocalanus crassirostris)等哲水蚤, 平均丰度为(105±22)ind·m^-3; 大型海藻藻体附着桡足类10种, 优势种为尖额谐猛水蚤(Euterpina acutifrons)、硬鳞暴猛水蚤(Clytemnestra scutellata)、小毛猛水蚤(Microsetella norvegica)等猛水蚤, 平均丰度为(1.17±0.16)×10⁵ind·m^-3, 藻体附着桡足类丰度远高于水体中桡足类丰度(P<0.01); 沉积物中桡足类休眠卵平均丰度为(171±55)×10⁴ind·m^-3, 平均潜在补充量为(109±40)×10⁴ind·m^-3, 平均萌发率为64%±6%。在马尾藻生长茂盛期(4月), 表层沉积物中休眠卵丰度、潜在补充量与萌发率显著高于其他季节(P<0.05)。调查表明, 研究海域桡足类具有较高的均匀度(0.88)和物种多样性(2.66)。随机森林模型与相关性网络分析均显示, 涠洲岛海域桡足类的优势种微刺哲水蚤重要性较高, 且与其他物种关系紧密。马尾藻生长促进休眠卵萌发, 导致水体中桡足类丰度增高, 藻体附着桡足类丰度随水体桡足类丰度增加而升高。马尾藻的生长和凋落过程是涠洲岛海藻场生态系统中桡足类群落结构演变的重要驱动因素。

关键词: 涠洲岛, 马尾藻, 桡足类, 休眠卵

Abstract:

A survey of copepods and their resting eggs in the seaweed bed and its adjacent waters in the Weizhou Island, Guangxi Province was conducted in July and November 2021, and January and April 2022. A total of 43 species of copepods were identified in the water bodies, with an average abundance of 105±22ind·m^-3, and the dominant species were Temora urbinate, Cantocalanus papper, Pavocalanus crassirostris and other Calanidae; 10 species of copepods attached to the seaweed were identified, with an average abundance of (1.17±0.16)×10⁵ind·m^-3, and the dominant species were Euterpina acutifrons, Clytemnestra scutellata, Microsetella norvegica and other Harpacticoida. The abundance of epiphytic copepods was much higher than that in the water bodies (P<0.01). The average abundance, potential recruitment and hatching rate of resting eggs was (171±55)×10⁴ind·m^-3, (109±40)×10⁴ind·m^-3and 64%±6%, respectively. During the growth period of Sargassum (April), the abundance of resting eggs, the potential recruitment and the hatching rate were significantly higher than those in other seasons (P<0.05). Results show that the copepods in the seaweed bed of the Weizhou Island had high evenness index (0.88) and species diversity (2.66). The analysis of random forest model and correlation network showed that the dominant species (Canthocalanus pauper) were closely related to other species and are of great importance. The growth of Sargassum promotes the hatching of resting eggs and increases the abundance of copepods in the water body. The abundance of epiphytic copepods increases with the increase of the copepod abundance in the water body. Results show that the growth and decomposition of Sargassum are important drivers of the succession of copepod community structure in the seaweed ecosystem.

Key words: Weizhou Island, Sargassum, copepod, resting egg

郭键林, 孙显, 杨宇峰, 王庆. 广西涠洲岛大型海藻场及其邻近海域桡足类群落结构演替特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(4): 155-165.

GUO Jianlin, SUN Xian, YANG Yufeng, WANG Qing. The succession characteristics of copepod community structure in the seaweed bed and its adjacent waters in the Weizhou Island, Guangxi Province[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 155-165.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

涠洲岛水体和马尾藻藻体附着桡足类优势种及优势度"

种类		优势度						图8 备注
种类		春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	春季藻体附着	夏季藻体附着	图8 备注
红纺缍水蚤	Acartia erythraea	0.04	/	0.08	/	/	/	sp1
丹氏纺缍水蚤	Acartia danae	0.02	/	/	/	/	/	sp2
太平洋纺锤水蚤	Acartia pacifica	/	/	/	0.05	/	/	sp26
驼背隆哲水蚤	Acrocalanus gibber	/	0.03	0.04	/	/	/	sp17
微驼背隆哲水蚤	Acrocalanus gracilis	0.02	/	/	/	/	/	sp18
小纺缍水蚤	Acartia negligens	/	/	/	0.04	/	/	sp29
矮隆哲水蚤	Bestiolina amoyensis	0.02	0.10	/	0.03	/	/	sp31
中华哲水蚤	Calanus sinicus	0.07	/	0.10	0.14	/	0.04	sp7
微刺哲水蚤	Canthocalanus pauper	0.12	0.06	0.26	0.13	0.02	/	sp15
奥氏胸刺水蚤	Centropages orsinii	0.02	/	/	/	/	/	sp25
瘦尾胸刺水蚤	Centropages tenuiremis	/	0.26	/	0.04	/	0.21	sp24
椭形长足水蚤	Calanopia elliptica	0.06	/	0.18	0.36	/	/	sp30
硬磷暴猛水蚤	Clytemnestra scutellata	/	/	/	/	0.13	0.15	sp6
尖额谐猛水蚤	Euterpina acutifrons	0.02	0.29	0.10	/	0.30	0.38	sp5
亚强真哲水蚤	Eucalanus subcrassus	/	0.04	/	/	/	/	sp12
精致真刺水蚤	Euchaeta concinna	/	0.03	0.15	0.24	0.02	/	sp32
小毛猛水蚤	Microsetella norvegica	0.02	0.05	0.05	/	0.13	0.04	sp4
丽隆剑水蚤	Oncaea venusta	0.05	0.05	/	/	/	/	sp37
拟长腹剑水蚤	Oithona similis	0.06	0.27	/	/	/	/	sp38
坚长腹剑水蚤	Oithona rigida	/	/	/	/	0.02	/	sp39
等刺隆剑水蚤	Oncaea mediterranea	0.02	0.10	/	0.05	/	/	sp36
强额拟哲水蚤	Pavocalanuscrassirostris	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.04	/	/	sp16
小拟哲水蚤	Paracalanus parvus	/	0.03	0.08	/	/	/	sp11
瘦拟哲水蚤	Paracalanus gracilis	/	0.05	0.07	0.18	/	/	sp34
黑点叶剑水蚤	Sapphirina nigromaculata	0.05	/	/	/	/	/	sp33
瘦歪水蚤	Tortanus gracilis	/	/	0.07	/	/	/	sp27
异尾宽水蚤	Temora discaudata	0.06	/	0.10	/	/	/	sp23
锥形宽水蚤	Temora turbinata	0.08	0.17	0.12	0.12	0.10	/	sp22
普通波水蚤	Undinula vulgaris	0.07	/	0.04	0.05	/	/	sp21

表1

图3

图4

表2

图5

图6

表3

图7

图8

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广西涠洲岛大型海藻场及其邻近海域桡足类群落结构演替特征

The succession characteristics of copepod community structure in the seaweed bed and its adjacent waters in the Weizhou Island, Guangxi Province

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	藻体附着桡足类丰度	水体桡足类丰度	潜在补充量	休眠卵丰度	萌发率
藻体附着桡足类丰度	1
水体桡足类丰度	0.765*	1
潜在补充量	-0.588	-0.824*	1
休眠卵丰度	-0.6	-0.779	0.993**	1
萌发率	-0.416	-0.870*	0.841*	0.771	1

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