热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 27-36.doi: 10.11978/2023182CSTR: 32234.14.2023182

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大型海藻负排放理论技术研究与应用展望

杨宇峰1(), 邹立功1, 贺志理1, 张永雨2, 王庆1   

  1. 1.暨南大学生命科学技术学院, 人与自然生命共同体重点实验室, 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东 广州 510632
    2.中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所, 山东 青岛 266101
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04 修回日期:2024-01-10 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 杨宇峰
  • 作者简介:

    杨宇峰(1963—), 男, 湖南省常德市人, 教授, 从事大型海藻生态修复与碳汇及水生生物研究和教学工作。email:

  • 基金资助:
    广东省海洋经济发展项目(GDNRC[2023]38)

A prospectus for the theory, technology and application of seaweed negative emissions

YANG Yufeng1(), ZOU Ligong1, HE Zhili1, ZHANG Yongyu2, WANG Qing1   

  1. 1. College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510632, China
    2. Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
  • Received:2023-12-04 Revised:2024-01-10 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-12-05
  • Contact: YANG Yufeng
  • Supported by:
    The Marine Economic Development Project of Guangdong(GDNRC[2023]38)

摘要:

大型海藻作为海洋中重要的初级生产者, 在碳捕获和长久封存中发挥着重要作用, 是实现海洋负排放的有效途径之一。大型海藻具有广阔的可栽培区域和高效的固碳增汇能力, 结合生物碳泵和微生物碳泵的协同作用, 有望成为海水养殖负排放的排头兵。通过大型海藻生物修复技术、资源养护技术和生态增养殖技术, 可增加大型海藻资源, 改善海区环境和养护渔业资源, 发展海洋碳汇渔业; 而通过大型海藻绿色饲料技术, 可减少经济水产动物与畜牧动物温室气体(如甲烷)排放。大型海藻的规模化栽培和资源绿色低碳利用, 能够为海水渔业高质量发展和海洋生态安全做出重要贡献。目前, 应重点开展大型海藻生态系统负排放理论研究和碳汇技术研发, 编研基于全生命周期的大型海藻碳汇核算标准和方法学, 探讨大型海藻生态产品价值实现的有效途径。发展大型海藻负排放理论和技术不仅有利于践行国家双碳战略, 对于我国实现基于陆海统筹的海水渔业和畜牧业高质量发展, 并达成联合国可持续发展目标, 也具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

关键词: 大型海藻, 海洋负排放, 碳汇理论, 技术, 应用

Abstract:

Seaweed plays an important role as a primary producer in the ocean, contributing significantly to carbon capture and sequestration. It serves as an effective approach for achieving ocean carbon negative emissions. Seaweed has a vast cultivable area and a high capacity for carbon fixation and sequestration. Through the synergistic effects of biological carbon pump and microbial carbon pump, seaweed has the potential to become a vanguard for achieving negative emissions in the marine aquaculture. Based on the seaweed bioremediation technology, resource conservation technology, and ecological enhancement technology, it is possible to increase the resources of both cultivated and wild macroalgae, improve marine habitats, conserve fishery resources, and promote the development of ocean carbon sink fisheries. By utilizing seaweed green feed technology, it is possible to reduce greenhouse gas (e.g., methane) emissions from economic aquaculture and livestock animals. The large-scale cultivation and green, low-carbon utilization of seaweed can significantly contribute to the development of high-quality marine aquaculture and marine ecological security. Currently, although it is essential to focus on the theory of microbial carbon pump and negative emissions, as well as the development of carbon sequestration technologies in the seaweed ecosystem, we believe that it is necessary to establish accounting standards and methodologies for seaweed carbon sequestration and realize the value-added seaweed eco-products based on the full life cycle. The development of theoretical and technological approaches for macroalgae negative emissions is beneficial for implementing the national dual carbon strategy, and has important scientific significance and application potentials for achieving high-quality development of marine aquaculture and livestock based on coordinated land and marine development in China and the United Nations' sustainable development goals.

Key words: seaweed, ocean negative emissions, carbon sequestration theory, technology, application

中图分类号: 

  • X145