热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 114-128.doi: 10.11978/2023193CSTR: 32234.14.2023193

• 海洋生物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

西沙群岛浪花礁珊瑚礁鱼类种类组成与演替

谢宏宇1,2,3(), 刘永1,2, 李纯厚1,2, 赵金发1,2,3, 孙金辉4, 沈建忠3, 石娟1,2, 王腾1,2()   

  1. 1.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广东 广州 510300
    2.西沙岛礁渔业生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站, 海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室, 三亚热带水产研究院, 海南 三亚 572018
    3.华中农业大学水产学院, 湖北 武汉 430072
    4.天津农学院水产学院, 天津 300392
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14 修回日期:2024-02-12 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 王腾
  • 作者简介:

    谢宏宇(1997—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为渔业资源。email:

  • 基金资助:
    海南省自然科学基金(323MS124); 海南省自然科学基金(322CXTD530); 农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2024); 广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目课题(2019B030302004-05); 中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD16); 中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2024RC03); 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021SD04); 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019TS28)

Species composition and evolutionary characteristics of coral reef fish in the Langhua Reef, Xisha Islands

XIE Hongyu1,2,3(), LIU Yong1,2, LI Chunhou1,2, ZHAO Jinfa1,2,3, SUN Jinhui4, SHEN Jianzhong3, SHI Juan1,2, WANG Teng1,2()   

  1. 1. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
    2. Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China
    3. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
    4. College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
  • Received:2023-12-14 Revised:2024-02-12 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-12-05
  • Contact: WANG Teng
  • Supported by:
    Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(323MS124); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(322CXTD530); Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China(NFZX2024); Fundamental and Applied Fundamental Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030302004-05); Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS(2023TD16); Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS(2024RC03); Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS(2021SD04); Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS(2019TS28)

摘要:

为明确西沙群岛浪花礁鱼类物种组成, 揭示鱼类演变特征, 保护和合理利用西沙群岛珊瑚礁鱼类, 于2023年通过潜水捕捞、手钓、水下视频以及eDNA等手段对浪花礁珊瑚礁鱼类进行调查研究, 并结合1979年、1998—1999年及2003年的历史数据, 解析浪花礁鱼类种类组成及变化情况。截至目前浪花礁共发现鱼类259种, 隶属12个目47科115属, 其中鲈形目鱼类最多, 为200种。结果显示: (1) 浪花礁鱼类物种数与其对应的最大全长成指数相关, 物种数随最大全长增加而显著减少, 并且浪花礁以小型鱼类和肉食性鱼类占据主导地位, 分别占总种类数的49.03%和59.07%; (2) 2023年的调查结果较历史数据共有77种鱼类近年未发现, 以肉食性最多, 而大型鱼类几乎全为肉食性鱼类, 并且7种位列于国际自然及自然资源保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN)红色名录的鱼类均为大型鱼类, 除了棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), 其他在本研究均未发现; (3) 浪花礁鱼类在种类组成、食性组成及不同体型层面较历史的相似性指数均不相似甚至极不相似, 尤其是大型鱼类和肉食性鱼类的相似度最低; (4) 平均分类差异指数(Δ+)和变异分类差异指数(Λ+)呈下降趋势, 降幅明显并低于95%置信区间。以上结果表明, 浪花礁环境受到扰动, 气候变化和人类干扰等多重压力导致浪花礁鱼类组成发生显著更替, 大型肉食性鱼类所受影响最为显著。本研究为浪花礁珊瑚礁生态系统的深层理解和有效管理与保护提供了理论参考, 为珊瑚礁生态系统的修复提供了基础数据和科学依据。

关键词: 西沙群岛, 浪花礁, 珊瑚礁鱼类, 分类多样性, 演替

Abstract:

To elucidate the species composition of fishes in the Langhua Reef of Xisha Islands, reveal their evolutionary traits, and ensure the protection and sustainable use of coral reef fishes in this region, a comprehensive survey was conducted in 2023. Employing techniques such as dive-fishing, hand-fishing, underwater videography, and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, this study integrated historical data from 1979, 1998—1999, and 2003 to analyze the species composition and temporal fluctuations in the fish population of the Langhua Reef. To date, a total of 259 fish species have been identified in the reef, classified into 12 orders, 47 families, and 115 genera. Among these, the most populous are the perch-like species, accounting for 200 varieties. The results indicate an exponential relationship between the number of fish species in the reef and their corresponding maximum overall length, with a significant decline in species count as the maximum length increases. Predominantly, the reef is inhabited by small-sized and carnivorous fish, constituting 49.03% and 59.07% of the total species, respectively. The 2023 survey highlighted that 77 fish species, previously recorded in historical data, have not been observed in recent years, predominantly among carnivorous types. Notably, almost all large fish in the reef are carnivorous. Seven species, listed on the IUCN Red List and categorized as large fish, were absent from the current study, with the exception of the brown-spotted grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus).The species composition, dietary patterns, and historical similarity indices of the Langhua Reef fish varied significantly, especially among large and carnivorous species, which demonstrated the lowest similarity indices. Furthermore, the study revealed a downward trend in both the mean taxonomic distinctness index (Δ+) and the variance in taxonomic distinctness index (Λ+), falling significantly below the 95% confidence intervals. These findings suggest that environmental disturbances, climate change, and human activities have led to a notable turnover in the fish composition of the reef, with large carnivorous species being the most severely affected. This research provides a theoretical reference for a deeper understanding, effective management, and conservation of the Langhua Reef coral reef ecosystem. It also offers foundational data and scientific insights crucial for the restoration of the coral reef ecosystem.

Key words: Xisha Islands, Langhua Reef, coral reef fish, taxonomic diversity, succession

中图分类号: 

  • S932.4