应用高通量测序技术研究永乐环礁和东岛鱼卵种类组成和分布

doi:10.11978/2022264

热带海洋学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 127-136.doi: 10.11978/2022264CSTR: 32234.14.2022264

应用高通量测序技术研究永乐环礁和东岛鱼卵种类组成和分布

赵金发¹(), 刘永¹^,², 李纯厚¹, 王腾¹^,²(), 石娟¹, 肖雅元¹, 吴鹏¹, 宋晓宇¹

1.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广东广州 510300
2.西沙岛礁渔业生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站, 海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室, 三亚热带水产研究院, 海南三亚 572018

收稿日期:2022-12-28 修回日期:2023-02-22 出版日期:2023-11-10 发布日期:2023-02-27
作者简介:
赵金发(1997—), 男, 河北省沧州市人, 博士研究生, 从事鱼类生态学研究。email: zhaojf2019@163.com
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金(322CXTD530); 海南省自然科学基金(322MS153); 农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2021); 广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目课题(2019B030302004-05); 中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2023TD16); 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021SD04); 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019TS28)

Study on species composition and distribution of fish eggs in Yongle Atoll and Dongdao Island by high-throughput sequencing technology

ZHAO Jinfa¹(), LIU Yong¹^,², LI Chunhou¹, WANG Teng¹^,²(), SHI Juan¹, XIAO Yayuan¹, WU Peng¹, SONG Xiaoyu¹

1. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Observation and Research Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
2. Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China

Received:2022-12-28 Revised:2023-02-22 Online:2023-11-10 Published:2023-02-27
Supported by:
Hainan Natural Science Foundation(322CXTD530); Hainan Natural Science Foundation(322MS153); Special Financial Project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(NFZX2021); Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangdong Province(2019B030302004-05); Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS(2023TD16); Special Fund Project for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2021SD04); Special Fund Project for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2019TS28)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珊瑚礁被誉为海洋中的热带雨林, 是海洋鱼类重要的产卵场、育幼场和摄食场。永乐环礁和东岛是西沙群岛典型的珊瑚礁生态系统。为更好地管理和保护西沙群岛的渔业及种质资源, 本研究于2021年4月采集了西沙群岛永乐环礁和东岛的鱼卵, 通过高通量测序技术对其进行分类鉴定, 并分析了两区域的鱼卵种类组成和群落结构差异。结果显示, 两区域均只采集到鱼卵, 共鉴定出27种, 隶属于4目16科25属, 并均以鲈形目占优势, 永乐环礁中占比为95.45%, 东岛中占比为85.71%。永乐环礁和东岛的鱼卵种类组成相似性指数差异较大, 目、科、属、种的相似性分别是25.00%、37.50%、32.00%、33.33%。鱼卵的出现频率均为100%, 永乐环礁鱼卵平均密度为0.984ind.·m^-3, 东岛鱼卵平均密度为0.453ind.·m^-3。永乐环礁优势种(Y≥0.02)为圆鲹属未定种(Decapterus sp.)、鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)和三斑海猪鱼(Halichoeres trimaculatus)3种; 东岛为绿唇鹦嘴鱼(Scarus forsteni)、灰鹦嘴鱼(Chlorurus sordidus)和多带副绯鲤(Parupeneus multifasciatus)3种, 优势种差异明显。并且, 本次调查发现了未记录种双边鱼(Ambassis sp.)。物种丰富度指数(D)呈现永乐环礁(2.46)高于东岛(1.87), 而香农-威纳多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J′)则表现为永乐环礁(1.08和0.35)低于东岛(1.32和0.50)。两区域的鱼卵种类组成均以礁栖鱼类占优势, 而大洋性中上层鱼类相对丰度则呈现永乐环礁(88.02%)明显高于东岛(0.44%)。研究结果表明, 永乐环礁和东岛可能均为海洋鱼类的产卵场, 而永乐环礁拥有开放性的潟湖, 相比东岛更适宜作为大洋性鱼类(尤其是金枪鱼类)的产卵场, 并且高通量测序技术可以弥补传统形态学方法在鱼卵鉴定方面的不足, 可以作为渔业资源调查的补充手段, 本研究为永乐环礁和东岛渔业和种质资源的保护和管理提供了科学依据。

关键词: 珊瑚礁, 潟湖, 西沙群岛, 产卵场, 金枪鱼

Abstract:

Coral reef, known as the tropical rainforest in the ocean, was an important spawning ground, nursery and feeding ground for marine fish. Yongle atoll and Dongdao Island were typical coral reef ecosystems of the Xisha Islands. In order to better manage and protect the fishery and germplasm resources of the Xisha Islands, this study collected fish eggs from the Yongle atoll and the Dongdao Island in April 2021. High-throughput sequencing technology is used to classify and identify them, and the differences in species composition and community structure between the two regions were analyzed. The results showed that only fish eggs were collected in both areas, and a total of 27 species were identified, belonging to 4 orders, 16 families and 25 genera. The perciformes was dominant, accounting for 95.45% in the Yongle atoll and 85.71% in the Dongdao Island. The similarity index of roe species composition between the Yongle atoll and the Dongdao Island was significantly different, among which the similarity of order, family, genus and species was 25.00%, 37.50%, 32.00% and 33.33%, respectively. The occurrence frequency of fish eggs was 100%. The average density of fish eggs was 0.984 ind·m^-3 in the Yongle atoll and 0.453 ind·m^-3 in the Dongdao Island. The dominant species (Y≥0.02) were Decapterus sp., Katsuwonus pelamis and Halichoeres trimaculatus in Yongle atoll and Scarus forsteni, Chlorurus sordidus and Parupeneus multifasciatus in the Dongdao Island, with significant differences in the dominant species. In addition, there was an undocumented species (Ambassis sp.) found in this investigation. The species richness index (D) showed that the Yongle atoll (2.46) was higher than the Dongdao Island (1.87), while Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and evenness index (J′) showed that the Yongle atoll (1.08, 0.35) was lower than the Dongdao Island (1.32, 0.50). The composition of fish eggs in both regions was dominated by reef-associated fish, and the relative abundance of pelagic-oceanic fish in the Yongle atoll (88.02%) was higher than that in the Dongdao Island (0.44%). The research results showed that both the Yongle atoll and the Dongdao Island are spawning grounds for marine fish, and the Yongle atoll has an open lagoon, which is more suitable as spawning grounds for pelagic-oceanic fish (especially tuna) than the Dongdao Island. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing technology can fill the gap of traditional morphological methods in the identification of fish eggs, and could be used as a supplementary means for the investigation of fishery resources. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation and management of fishery and germplasm resources in the Yongle atoll and the Dongdao Island.

Key words: coral reef, lagoon, Xisha Islands, spawning ground, tunas

赵金发, 刘永, 李纯厚, 王腾, 石娟, 肖雅元, 吴鹏, 宋晓宇. 应用高通量测序技术研究永乐环礁和东岛鱼卵种类组成和分布[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(6): 127-136.

ZHAO Jinfa, LIU Yong, LI Chunhou, WANG Teng, SHI Juan, XIAO Yayuan, WU Peng, SONG Xiaoyu. Study on species composition and distribution of fish eggs in Yongle Atoll and Dongdao Island by high-throughput sequencing technology[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(6): 127-136.

图/表 6

图1

图2

表1

永乐环礁与东岛鱼卵种类组成"

目	科	属	种	生态类型	永乐环礁		东岛
目	科	属	种	生态类型	相对丰度/%	Y	相对丰度/%	Y
刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	管口鱼科 Aulostomidae	管口鱼属 Aulostomus	中华管口鱼 A. chinensis	A	0.00	0.00000	0.13	0.00031
鲈形目 Perciformes	刺尾鱼科 Acanthuridae	鼻鱼属 Naso	六棘鼻鱼 N. hexacanthus	A	0.97	0.00215	0.00	0.00000
		鼻鱼属 Naso	突角鼻鱼 N. annulatus	A	0.31	0.00068	0.28	0.00071
		高鳍刺尾鱼属 Zebrasoma	黄高鳍刺尾鱼 Z. flavescens	A	0.04	0.00005	0.00	0.00000
	带鱼科 Trichiuridae	带鱼属 Trichiurus	带鱼属未定种 Trichiurus sp.	C	0.00	0.00000	1.02	0.00256
	笛鲷科 Lutjanidae	笛鲷属 Lutjanus	四带笛鲷 L. kasmira	A	0.38	0.00043	0.90	0.00224
	蝴蝶鱼科 Chaetodontidae	蝴蝶鱼属 Chaetodon	叉纹蝴蝶鱼 C. auripes	A	0.07	0.00015	0.00	0.00000
	隆头鱼科 Labridae	唇鱼属 Cheilinus	横带唇鱼 C. fasciatus	A	0.02	0.00002	0.00	0.00000
	隆头鱼科 Labridae	海猪鱼属 Halichoeres	三斑海猪鱼 H. trimaculatus	A	6.66	0.03700	0.08	0.00039
	裸颊鲷科 Lethrinidae	裸颊鲷属 Lethrinus	桔带裸颊鲷 L. obsoletus	A	0.02	0.00003	0.00	0.00000
	梅鲷科 Caesionidae	鳞鳍梅鲷属 Pterocaesio	黑带鳞鳍梅鲷 P. tile	A	0.00	0.00000	6.32	0.01581
	鮨科 Serranidae	侧牙鲈属 Variola	侧牙鲈 V. louti	A	0.06	0.00007	0.00	0.00000
	鲭科Scombridae	舵鲣属 Auxis	扁舵鲣 A. thazard	B	0.01	0.00001	0.00	0.00000
		鲣属 Katsuwonus	鲣 K. pelamis	B	22.35	0.09931	0.00	0.00000
		金枪鱼属 Thunnus	金枪鱼属未定种 Thunnus sp.	B	0.18	0.00020	0.00	0.00000
		鲔属 Euthynnus	鲔 E. affinis	B	0.04	0.00005	0.00	0.00000
	鲹科 Carangidae	鲹属 Caranx	珍鲹 C. ignobilis	A	0.54	0.00120	0.00	0.00000
	鲹科 Carangidae	圆鲹属 Decapterus	圆鲹属未定种 Decapterus sp.	B	65.44	0.50900	0.35	0.00087
	双边鱼科 Ambassidae	双边鱼属 Ambassis	双边鱼属未定种 Ambassis sp.	B	0.00	0.00000	0.09	0.00024
	羊鱼科 Mullidae	副绯鲤属 Parupeneus	多带副绯鲤 P. multifasciatus	A	0.03	0.00003	8.49	0.04247
	羊鱼科 Mullidae	拟羊鱼属 Mulloidichthys	无斑拟羊鱼 M. vanicolensis	A	0.30	0.00034	0.00	0.00000
	鹦嘴鱼科 Scaridae	大鹦嘴鱼属 Bolbometopon	隆头大鹦嘴鱼 B. muricatum	A	0.37	0.00041	0.06	0.00016
		绿鹦嘴鱼属 Chlorurus	灰鹦嘴鱼 C. sordidus	A	0.38	0.00085	16.94	0.08470
		鹦嘴鱼属 Scarus	绿唇鹦嘴鱼 S. forsteni	A	1.35	0.00300	60.24	0.30120
		鹦嘴鱼属 Scarus	许氏鹦嘴鱼 S. schlegeli	A	0.01	0.00001	3.92	0.00979
鼠鱚目 Gonorhynchiformes	遮目鱼科 Chanidae	遮目鱼属 Chanos	遮目鱼 C. chanos	C	0.45	0.00050	0.00	0.00000
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	单角鲀科 Monacanthidae	前角鲀属 Pervagor	前角鲀属未定种 Pervagor sp.	A	0.00	0.00000	1.18	0.00295

表1

图3

图4

图5

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应用高通量测序技术研究永乐环礁和东岛鱼卵种类组成和分布

Study on species composition and distribution of fish eggs in Yongle Atoll and Dongdao Island by high-throughput sequencing technology

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