南澳岛周边海域表层海水营养盐分布及富营养化特征

doi:10.11978/2024120

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 196-207.doi: 10.11978/2024120CSTR: 32234.14.2024120

南澳岛周边海域表层海水营养盐分布及富营养化特征

黄皓晨¹^,²(), 柯志新¹^,³(), 周志希⁴, 周伟华¹

1.中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.粤东上升流区海洋生态系统综合观测研究站, 广东汕头 515041
4.华南农业大学, 广东广州 510642

收稿日期:2024-06-05 修回日期:2024-08-19 出版日期:2025-03-10 发布日期:2025-04-11
通讯作者: 柯志新
作者简介:
黄皓晨(1999—), 男, 陕西省咸阳市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋浮游生态学研究。email: huanghaochen22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050023); 广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060047); 国家自然科学基金项目(32171548); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515010656)

Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication characteristics in the surface water around Nan’ao Island

HUANG Haochen¹^,²(), KE Zhixin¹^,³(), ZHOU Zhixi⁴, ZHOU Weihua¹

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, Shantou 515041, China
4. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Received:2024-06-05 Revised:2024-08-19 Online:2025-03-10 Published:2025-04-11
Contact: KE Zhixin
Supported by:
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2021B1212050023); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2023B1212060047); National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171548); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010656)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章利用2022年在汕头南澳岛周边海域4个航次的调查数据, 对表层水体中营养盐、叶绿素a和化学需氧量等重要水质参数的分布特征以及水体的富营养化状况进行了分析研究。南澳岛周边海域营养盐浓度总体呈西北向东南递减, 冬季营养盐浓度显著高于其他季节。夏季, 南澳岛周边海域呈现高叶绿素低营养盐的特征, 可能是该季节浮游植物对营养盐较强的生物吸收作用所导致; 南澳岛青澳湾附近海域的营养盐出现高值, 可能源于附近海水浴场的生活污水排放。而在其他季节, 溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)的最高值均出现在榕江口附近, 说明陆源径流的排放是造成高DIN浓度的主要因素; 溶解无机磷(dissolved inorganic phosphorus, DIP)的最高值主要出现在柘林湾的网箱养殖区, 说明网箱养殖是造成DIP高值的主要因素。尽管秋季在外海站位出现相对氮限制, 但整体来看, 该海域营养盐结构基本平衡, 未出现营养盐绝对限制的情况。用富营养化指数(eutrophication index, EI)、营养质量指数(nutrient quality index, NQI)和营养状态指数(trophic index, TRIX)对该海域的富营养化状况进行评估显示, 富营养化最严重的区域在夏季出现在青澳湾附近, 其他季节则出现在柘林湾湾口和榕江河口附近, 需要重视夏季旅游热点区域生活污水对近岸海水的影响。富营养化综合评价指数与DIN极显著正相关, 与盐度显著负相关, 反映陆源径流是该海域富营养化主要诱因。EI严重低估了夏季低营养盐高叶绿素水体的富营养化程度, TRIX指数有效指示了水体富营养化的时空差异, 更适合此类“低营养盐高叶绿素”的海域。

关键词: 南澳岛, 水质评估, 营养盐, 富营养化, 营养状态指数

Abstract:

The key environmental factors (nutrients, chlorophyll a (Chl a), chemical oxygen demand (COD), etc.) and eutrophication indexes were investigated in the surface water around the Nan’ao Island in 2022. The seasonal change of nutrients concentration was significant, which gradually declined from northwest to southeast in the surrounding region of the island. The nutrients concentration was significantly higher in winter than in other seasons. During summer, the nutrients concentration was high near the Qin’ao Bay, which possibly originated from the discharge of domestic wastewater. The highest dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was found near the estuary of the Rongjiang River and the highest dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was found near a net cage aquaculture zone in the Zhelin Bay. This phenomenon suggested that the river input increased the nitrogen loading and the cage aquaculture increased the phosphorus loading in this region. The seawater showed high Chl a and low nutrients in summer, suggesting the strong bio-assimilation effect of phytoplankton on the nutrients. The structure of nutrients was generally balanced, and no absolute limitation was detected for nitrogen, phosphorus or silicate. Nitrogen nutrients were relatively limited in the offshore region in autumn. According to the eutrophication index (EI), nutrient quality index (NQI) and trophic index (TRIX), the highest eutrophic status was generally located in the Zhelin Bay and the Rongjiang River estuary. However, the region near the Qing’ao Bay showed high eutrophic status in summer. With the rapid development of tourism, the influence of domestic wastewater should be paid more attention to in the Nan’ao Island. The eutrophication indices showed a significantly positive correlation with DIN and a negative correlation with salinity. River discharge should be the main reason for water eutrophication in this region. The eutrophic status could be much underestimated using the EI index for waters with low nutrients and high chlorophyll during summer. The results contribute to a better understanding of the water quality status around the Nan’ao Island and provide basic data for environment management and marine resource utilization.

Key words: Nan’ao Island, water quality assessment, nutrients, eutrophication, trophic index (TRIX)

中图分类号:

P761.4

黄皓晨, 柯志新, 周志希, 周伟华. 南澳岛周边海域表层海水营养盐分布及富营养化特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(2): 196-207.

HUANG Haochen, KE Zhixin, ZHOU Zhixi, ZHOU Weihua. Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication characteristics in the surface water around Nan’ao Island[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(2): 196-207.

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因子或指数	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
温度/℃	23.38 ± 0.46^c	27.07 ± 1.99^a	25.85 ± 0.28^b	17.00 ± 0.21^d
盐度/‰	31.71 ± 0.46^a	31.42 ± 2.63^a	32.67 ± 1.77^a	30.78 ± 2.40^a
DIN/(mg·L^-1)	0.10 ± 0.09^b	0.08 ± 0.06^b	0.17 ± 0.10^b	0.49 ± 0.26^a
DIP/(mg·L^-1)	0.014 ± 0.016^bc	0.011 ± 0.009^c	0.030 ± 0.013^b	0.050 ± 0.020^a
DSi/(mg·L^-1)	0.44 ± 0.28^b	0.77 ± 0.52^ab	0.88 ± 0.36^ab	1.06 ± 0.47^a
DIN/DIP	20.42 ± 15.97^a	21.41 ± 11.80^a	12.08 ± 3.77^a	21.22 ± 6.58^a
Chl a/(μg·L^-1)	2.55 ± 2.24^b	7.05 ± 4.94^a	1.44 ± 0.84^b	1.53 ± 0.43^b
COD/(mg·L^-1)	0.96 ± 0.25^b	1.57 ± 0.26^a	0.68 ± 0.33^b	0.89 ± 0.28^b
DO/(mg·L^-1)	7.15 ± 0.74^bc	7.79 ± 0.71^ab	7.00 ± 0.67^c	8.07 ± 0.16^a
EI指数	0.51 ± 0.76^b	0.37 ± 0.48^b	0.98 ± 1.06^b	6.34 ± 7.32^a
NQI指数	1.65 ± 0.90^b	2.57 ± 1.00^b	2.10 ± 0.81^b	3.88 ± 1.47^a
TRIX指数	4.43 ± 0.89^a	5.08 ± 0.33^a	4.91 ± 0.70^a	4.87 ± 0.47^a

南澳岛周边海域表层海水营养盐分布及富营养化特征

Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication characteristics in the surface water around Nan’ao Island

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