三亚典型岸礁礁石表生藻席群体特征及其时空分布规律

doi:10.11978/2024212

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 95-105.doi: 10.11978/2024212

三亚典型岸礁礁石表生藻席群体特征及其时空分布规律

胡思敏¹^,²(), 周天成¹^,³, 张琛¹^,⁴, 贾男¹^,⁴, 刘胜¹^,²(), 李涛¹^,²^,⁵, 黄晖¹^,²^,⁵

1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 广东广州 510301
2.三亚海洋生态环境工程研究院, 海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室, 海南三亚 572000
3.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司, 广东广州 510630
4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
5.海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 三亚海洋科学综合(联合)实验室, 海南三亚 572000

收稿日期:2024-11-21 修回日期:2024-12-08 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-31
通讯作者: 刘胜
作者简介:
胡思敏(1987—), 女, 山东省枣庄市人, 副研究员, 从事珊瑚礁食物网结构功能研究。email: husimin@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY100602); 国家自然科学基金项目(42176118); 广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060047)

Morphological characteristics of epilithic algal matrix and their spatial and temporal patterns in a typical fringing reef of Sanya

HU Simin¹^,²(), ZHOU Tiancheng¹^,³, ZHANG Chen¹^,⁴, JIA Nan¹^,⁴, LIU Sheng¹^,²(), LI Tao¹^,²^,⁵, HUANG Hui¹^,²^,⁵

1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Marine Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572000, China
3. Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co.Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5. Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China

Received:2024-11-21 Revised:2024-12-08 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-31
Contact: LIU Sheng
Supported by:
National Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2022FY100602); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176118); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China(2023B1212060047)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 礁石表生藻席(epilithic algal matrix, EAM)是珊瑚礁区普遍存在的底质类型, 在初级生产、营养供应、沉积物富集及珊瑚礁底质演变等关键过程中均发挥重要的功能。为了解礁石表生藻席的群体特征与分布规律, 于2022年1月、4月、7月、10月在三亚典型岸礁区设置了调查断面(1m、3m、6m), 通过水肺潜水方法调查了礁石表生藻席的分布范围及对不同基底的选择性, 同时采集了不同底质类型(分枝状、团块状、坪状珊瑚礁石)中珊瑚碎片上的藻席样品, 分析了藻席的群体特征及其时空分布差异。结果显示, 礁石表生藻席分布具有显著空间差异但无明显的季节差异, 覆盖率在1m和6m水深处较高, 平均为66.96%, 与活珊瑚覆盖率呈现负相关的关系。礁石表生藻席偏爱孔隙度高的硬质基底表面, 在坪状珊瑚礁石上具有最高的覆盖度(~98%), 但团块状珊瑚礁石上的藻席具有最高的藻体高度[(11.16±0.68)mm]、密度[(118.51±33.64)g·m^-3]和有机质含量[(102.49±32.94)g C·m^-2], 可能与团块状珊瑚礁石具有较高的表面孔隙度有关。藻席的表观特征与生物量均有水深和季节的差异, 3m水深处最高, 1m最低, 在时间上则表现为夏季最高, 冬季最低, 说明温度和光照是影响藻席特征变动的关键因子。研究结果表明, 三亚鹿回头近岸珊瑚礁生态系统中, 礁石表生藻席均为>5mm的多沉积物型藻席(long sediment-laden algal turfs, LSATs), 这种类型的藻席不利于珊瑚幼体附着和植食性鱼类摄食。藻席表观特征与有机质含量有明显的底质和时空差异, 藻席中丰富的有机质可为众多底栖小型无脊椎动物提供食物, 可能在珊瑚礁生态系统的食物网中发挥不可或缺的重要功能。

关键词: 礁石表生藻席, 覆盖率, 表观特征, 时空差异, 三亚

Abstract:

The epilithic algal matrix (EAM) is widely distributed in coral reef ecosystems and plays a crucial role in key processes such as primary production, nutrient recycling, sediment deposition, and coral reef phase shifts. To investigate the morphological characteristics and distribution patterns of EAM, a survey was conducted in a typical Sanya fringing reef in January, April, July, and October 2022, covering three transects (1 m, 3 m, 6 m). Substrate types and their coverage were recorded via video, and three substrate types (branched, massive, planiform) with epiphytic algae were sampled by scuba diving. The results revealed significant spatial but no seasonal differences in EAM coverage in the study area. Coverage was higher at 1 m and 6 m depths (66.96%) but lower at 3 m (16.55%), showing a negative correlation with live coral coverage. EAM primarily colonized highly porous hard substrates, with the highest coverage (98%) observed on dead planiform coral reefs. However, dead massive coral reefs exhibited the highest algal height [(11.16 ± 0.68) mm], highest biomass [(118.51±33.64) g∙m^-2], and greatest organic matter content [(102.49±32.94) g C∙m^-2], likely due to their higher surface porosity. EAM morphological characteristics and biomass varied with depth and season, peaking at 3 m and reaching their lowest values at 1 m. Temporally, EAM height, density, and biomass were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The study indicates that the benthic community in Sanya’s Luhuitou area is dominated by long sediment-laden algal turfs (LSATs) with high sediment content and heights exceeding 5 mm. This community type is unfavorable for coral larvae sediment and is avoided by herbivorous fish. EAM morphological traits and organic matter content exhibit distinct variations across substrates, depths, and seasons. Additionally, the rich organic matter in EAM may serve as a potential food source for benthic invertebrates, playing a vital role in the coral reef ecosystem’s food web.

Key words: epilithic algal matrix, coverage, morphological characteristics, spatiotemporal differences, Sanya

中图分类号:

P735

胡思敏, 周天成, 张琛, 贾男, 刘胜, 李涛, 黄晖. 三亚典型岸礁礁石表生藻席群体特征及其时空分布规律[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(4): 95-105.

HU Simin, ZHOU Tiancheng, ZHANG Chen, JIA Nan, LIU Sheng, LI Tao, HUANG Hui. Morphological characteristics of epilithic algal matrix and their spatial and temporal patterns in a typical fringing reef of Sanya[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(4): 95-105.

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季节	水深/m	温度/℃	盐度/‰	悬浮物/(mg·L^-1)	溶解无机氮/(μmol·L^-1)	溶解无机磷/(μmol·L^-1)	硅酸盐/(μmol·L^-1)
冬	1	24.25±0.02	33.00±0.03	4.43±1.61	0.12±0.17	0.18±0.01	8.13±0.88
	3	24.21±0.01	33.02±0.00	1.30±0.54	0.11±0.09	0.18±0.01	5.41±0.31
	6	24.19±0.00	33.02±0.00	3.40±1.13	0.66±0.14	0.31±0.21	5.55±0.80
春	1	27.23±0.01	33.66±0.00	4.44±2.29	1.12±0.23	0.03±0.01	6.26±0.42
	3	27.08±0.02	33.65±0.00	3.74±0.67	1.52±0.07	0.02±0.00	5.77±0.09
	6	27.07±0.00	33.66±0.00	2.75±1.81	2.16±0.17	0.02±0.00	6.47±0.14
夏	1	27.84±0.04	33.55±0.01	12.93±0.39	0.79±0.05	0.01±0.00	7.97±0.21
	3	27.31±0.14	33.57±0.02	12.80±0.78	0.60±0.08	0.01±0.00	5.92±0.08
	6	26.14±0.15	33.56±0.59	14.62±0.30	0.88±0.29	0.01±0.00	8.50±0.18
秋	1	27.10±0.02	32.06±0.01	4.67±1.73	1.16±0.28	0.05±0.01	5.38±1.46
	3	27.08±0.01	32.05±0.00	2.22±0.41	1.72±0.12	0.03±0.03	7.46±0.26
	6	27.10±0.00	32.17±0.00	2.60±0.82	1.75±0.04	0.02±0.01	8.45±0.45

底质生境	简称	描述	n	孔隙度/%	表面积/m²	藻席覆盖度/%
分枝状珊瑚礁石	F	死亡的分枝状珊瑚骨骼形成的坚硬、多孔基底, 主要位于1m、3m水深	60	7.71±2.38	0.02±0.01	32.64±12.13
团块状珊瑚礁石	T	死亡的团块状珊瑚骨骼形成的坚硬、多孔基底, 在各水深都有分布	81	3.05±0.05	0.28±0.20	65.13±25.39
坪状珊瑚礁石	P	死亡的坪状珊瑚骨骼形成的坚硬、多孔基底, 在各水深都有分布	64	9.93±4.97	9.90±14.07	98.07±3.25

环境因子	藻席高度	藻席总重	藻体密度	总有机碳	藻类生物量	沉积物负荷	藻类有机碳	藻类有机碳比例%
水深	0.440^**	0.178^*	−0.141	0.099	−0.023	0.192^*	−0.055	−0.322^**
孔隙度	−0.144	0.131	0.029	0.056	−0.048	0.146	−0.107	0.001
温度	0.171	0.323^**	0.372^**	0.302^**	0.295^**	0.294^**	0.278^**	−0.169
盐度	0.139	−0.246^**	0.077	−0.229^*	0.112	−0.279^**	0.166	0.320^**
悬浮物	0.286^**	0.207^*	0.272^**	0.179	0.306^**	0.169	0.235^*	−0.075
溶解无机氮	0.157	0.233^*	0.025	0.158	−0.006	0.248^**	−0.052	−0.281^**
溶解无机磷	−0.116	−0.309^**	−0.274^**	−0.319^**	−0.219^*	−0.292^**	−0.210^*	0.154
硅酸盐	0.016	0.144	−0.107	0.080	−0.104	0.169	−0.186	−0.137

三亚典型岸礁礁石表生藻席群体特征及其时空分布规律

Morphological characteristics of epilithic algal matrix and their spatial and temporal patterns in a typical fringing reef of Sanya

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