海南新村港和黎安港海草床大型底栖生物的群落结构比较*

doi:10.11978/2024170

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 106-118.doi: 10.11978/2024170

海南新村港和黎安港海草床大型底栖生物的群落结构比较^*

何晨¹^,²(), 王佳宁¹^,², 周林滨¹, 柯志新¹, 刘炜炜¹, 刘甲星¹, 王军星³, 谭烨辉¹^,²(), 陈志云¹()

1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 南海海洋生物标本馆, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 广东广州 510301
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.惠州市自然资源局, 惠州市海洋技术中心, 广东惠州 516003

收稿日期:2024-09-06 修回日期:2024-10-13 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-31
通讯作者: 谭烨辉, 陈志云
作者简介:
何晨(1999−), 男, 广东省佛山市人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 海洋贝类分类学。email: tingsaki@outlook.com
^*感谢中国科学院南海海洋研究所黄小平研究员、江志坚研究员、李开枝研究员和厦门大学蔡立哲教授团队在样品采集和鉴定工作以及论文写作中给予的帮助
基金资助:
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2015FY110600); 广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060047); 广东省科技计划项目(2024B1212040008); 中国科学院分类学科学家岗位项目(CAS-TAX-24-043); 国家动物标本资源库

Comparison of macrobenthic community structure between seagrass beds in Xincungang and Li’angang, Hainan

HE Chen¹^,²(), WANG Jianing¹^,², ZHOU Linbin¹, KE Zhixin¹, LIU Weiwei¹, LIU Jiaxing¹, WANG Junxing³, TAN Yehui¹^,²(), CHEN Zhiyun¹()

1. Marine Biodiversity Collection of South China Sea, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Ocean Technology Center of Huizhou, Department of National Resources of Huizhou Bureau, Huizhou 516003, China

Received:2024-09-06 Revised:2024-10-13 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-31
Contact: TAN Yehui, CHEN Zhiyun
Supported by:
National Investigation of Technological Basic Resources Project(2015FY110600); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2023B1212060047); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2024B1212040008); Taxonomist Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-TAX-24-043); National Animal Collection Resource Center, China

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2015—2016海南新村港和2017—2018年黎安港两地海草床四季大型底栖生物生态调查数据, 对其群落结构进行比较。结果表明: (1)共记录两个区域海草床大型底栖生物96种, 其中新村港和黎安港各50种和62种, 环节动物是两地海草床的主要类群; 厚鳃蚕(Dasybranchus caducus)是其共有的优势种; 除秋季外, 新村港的大型底栖生物平均栖息密度均高于黎安港; 除夏季外, 黎安港的生物量皆高于新村港; (2)黎安港的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J′)和Margalef丰富度指数(d)均高于新村港; 黎安港的丰度/生物量曲线W值远大于新村港, 后者海草床大型底栖生物群落结构比前者受到干扰更小; (3)基于群落栖息密度和生物量聚类结果都显示, 约15%的相似性水平上可将两地群落分为两组, 两地海草床大型底栖生物群落结构差别较大。结合上述研究和历史研究结果, 两地群落差异可能是由两地的水文特征差异和渔业养殖带来的污染差异引起的。与历史数据对比显示, 两地海草床保护区的大型底栖生物群落已有所恢复, 持续的保护和修复工作是有效且必要的。

关键词: 海草床, 大型底栖动物, 群落结构, 生物多样性, 海南

Abstract:

Based on the ecological survey data of macrobenthos in the seagrass beds of Xincungang (2015−2016) and Li’angang (2017−2018) across four seasons, we compared their community structures. The results showed that: (1) A total of 96 species of macrobenthos were recorded in the seagrass beds of the two areas, with 50 species in Xincungang and 62 species in Li’angang. Both seagrass beds were dominated by annelids, and Dasybranchus caducus was a common dominant species. Except in autumn, the average density of inhabited macrobenthos in Xincungang was higher than in Li’angang, while, except in summer, the biomass in Li’angang was higher than in Xincungang. (2) The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′), Pielou’s evenness index (J′), and Margalef’s richness index (d) in Li’angang were all higher than those in Xincungang. The W value of the abundance/biomass curves (ABC) in Li’angang was also significantly higher than in Xincungang, indicating that the macrobenthos community structure in Li’angang’s seagrass beds was more stable and less disturbed. (3) Cluster analysis of community inhabited density and biomass revealed that the communities in the two areas could be divided into two distinct groups at a similarity level of approximately 15%, demonstrating significant differences in the macrobenthos community structure between Xincungang and Li’angang. Combined with historical research, these differences are likely attributed to variations in hydrological conditions and pollution from aquaculture activities. Compared with historical data, the macrobenthos communities in the seagrass bed protected areas of both locations have shown signs of recovery, suggesting that ongoing protection and restoration efforts are effective and necessary.

Key words: seagrass beds, macrobenthos, community structure, biodiversity, Hainan

中图分类号:

P735

何晨, 王佳宁, 周林滨, 柯志新, 刘炜炜, 刘甲星, 王军星, 谭烨辉, 陈志云. 海南新村港和黎安港海草床大型底栖生物的群落结构比较^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(4): 106-118.

HE Chen, WANG Jianing, ZHOU Linbin, KE Zhixin, LIU Weiwei, LIU Jiaxing, WANG Junxing, TAN Yehui, CHEN Zhiyun. Comparison of macrobenthic community structure between seagrass beds in Xincungang and Li’angang, Hainan[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(4): 106-118.

图/表 10

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附表1

新村港和黎安港海草床大型底栖生物名录"

中文名	拉丁名	春季		夏季		秋季		冬季
中文名	拉丁名	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港
海葵目	Actiniaria		√
柱形阿里螺	Aliculastrum cylindricum	√
西方似蛰虫	Amaeana occidentalis		√
似蛰虫	Amaeana trilobata		√						√
藻钩虾	Ampithoe sp.								√
强壮藻钩虾	Ampithoe valida			√				√
无齿蛤	Anodontia edentula		√		√
鳞杓拿蛤	Anomalodiscus squamosus		√
锥稚虫	Aonides oxycephala		√				√		√
大角玻璃钩虾	Apohyale grandicornis	√
矮小稚齿虫	Apoprionospio pygmaea	√
飞白枫海星	Archaster typicus		√
凸壳肌蛤	Arcuatula senhousia		√				√		√
软须阿曼吉虫	Armandia leptocirris						√		√
中阿曼吉虫	Armandia intermedia							√
海鞘	Ascidia sp.								√
网纹藤壶	Balanus inprovisus			√		√
黑斑鳍缨虫	Branchiomma nigromaculatum						√		√
斑鳍缨虫	Branchiomma sp.						√
小头虫	Capitella capitata	√				√		√
角沙蚕	Ceratonereis mirabilis			√				√
刚鳃虫	Chaetozone setosa			√
摇蚊	Chironomus sp.	√		√
美女蛤	circe scripta		√
须鳃虫	Cirriformia tentaculata								√
奥莱彩螺	Clithon oualaniensis						√
蜾蠃蜚	Corophium sp.	√
厚鳃蚕	Dasybranchus caducus	√	√	√			√		√
多色天螺	Diala varia					√
奋镜蛤	Dosinia exasperata						√		√
矶沙蚕	Eunice sp.	√
真裂虫	Eusyllis sp.	√
艾裂虫亚科	Exogoninae			√
凸加夫蛤	Gafrarium tumidum								√
加夫蛤	Gafrarium pectinatum		√				√		√
钩虾	Gammarus sp.						√		√
皱文蛤	Gomphina undulosa						√
海葵	Haliplanella sp.							√
纵条矶海葵	Haliplanella luciae	√		√
丝异须虫	Heteromastus sp.	√
彩虹明樱蛤	Iridona iridescens					√
红明樱蛤	Jitlada culter		√
后指虫	Laonice cirrata					√
简锥虫属	Leitoscoloplis sp.		√		√
长锥虫属	Leodamas sp.						√
沼蚓	Limnodriloides sp.	√
精巧扁蛰虫	Loimia ingens								√
索沙蚕	Lumbrineris sp.	√							√
似帚毛虫	Lygdamis indicus	√
大眼蟹属	Macrophthalmus sp.					√
印度锥稚虫	Malacoceros indicus		√		√
岩虫	Marphysa sanguinea					√		√
莫桑比克岩虫	Marphysa mossambica		√		√		√		√
扁平岩虫	Marphysa depressa	√		√				√
尼科巴立蛤蛤	Meropesta nicobarica			√
小健足虫	Micropodarke dubia	√
多微稚齿虫	Microspio multidentata			√
麦氏偏顶蛤	Modiolus metcaifei								√
寻氏肌蛤	Musculus senhousei							√
方斑玉螺	Naticarius onca						√
尾刺沙蚕	Neanthes acuminata	√
纽虫门	Nemertea sp.						√
沙蚕属	Nereis sp.		√
沙蚕属	Nereis sp.					√
虹光亮樱蛤	Nitidotellina valtonis								√
小亮樱蛤	Nitidotellina lischkei							√
亮樱蛤	Nitidotellina nitidula						√
背蚓虫	Notomastus latericeus			√
背蚓虫	Notomastus sp.								√
无背毛蛇潜虫	Oxydromus berrisfordi		√
玛叶须虫	Phyllodoce malmgreni	√
叶须虫	Phyllodoce aminosa							√
珠带拟蟹守螺	Pirenella cingulata					√
褐片阔沙蚕	Plattynereis dumerilii		√
杜氏阔沙蚕	Platynereis dumerilii						√		√
蛇杂毛虫	Poecilochaetus serpens		√
才女虫	Polydora sp.						√
多眼虫	Polyophthalmus cf pictus						√
梭子蟹	Portunus sp.	√
稚齿虫	Prionospio sp.		√		√		√		√
膜质伪才女虫	Pseudopolydora kempi						√	√	√
克氏锉棒螺	Rhinoclavis kochi							√
南海毛满月蛤	Rugalucina vietnamica	√		√	√	√		√
缨鳃虫科	Sabellidae			√
鳞腹沟虫	Scolelepis squamata	√
红刺尖锥虫	Scoloplos cf rubra		√		√				√
蟳	Scylla sp.						√
双带蛤	Semele sp.						√
拟箱美丽蛤	Serratina capsoides		√
红角沙蚕	Simplisetia erythraeensis	√	√				√
裂虫科	Syllidae							√
海裂虫	Syllidia armata								√
钝缀锦蛤	Tapes dorsatus						√
缀锦蛤	Tapes literatus						√		√
丽缀锦蛤	Tapes literatus aspeersa								√
梳鳃虫	Terebellidea stroemii					√
短桨蟹	Thalamita sp.								√
钝齿短桨蟹	Thalamita crenata							√
覆瓦小蛇螺蛇螺	Thylacodes adamsii					√
鳃毛虫属	Timarete sp.		√
火腿樱蛤	Tonganaella perna						√
模裂虫	Typosyllis sp.							√
欧文虫	Owenia fusiformis				√

附表1

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优势种	春季Y		夏季Y		秋季Y		冬季Y
优势种	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港
小头虫 Capitella capitata					0.086
岩虫 Marphysa sanguinea					0.025
多色天螺 Diala varia					0.404
珠带拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea cingulata					0.037
厚鳃蚕 Dasybranchus caducus	0.021	0.092		0.054		0.119		0.061
沼蚓 Limnodriloides sp.	0.04
南海毛满月蛤 Pillacina cietnamica	0.45		0.114
蜾蠃蜚 Corophium sp.	0.022
强壮藻钩虾 Ampithoe valida			0.06				0.626
摇蚊科 Chironomidae			0.191
软须阿曼吉虫 Arandia leptocirris						0.042
奋镜蛤 Dosinia exasperata						0.051
海葵 Haliplanella sp.								0.028
背蚓虫 Notomastus sp.								0.024
锥稚虫 Aonicles oxycephala		0.023		0.03
莫桑比克岩虫 Marphysa mossabicca				0.03

调查结果	调查区域	物种数量	栖息密度均值/(ind·m^-2)	生物量均值/(g·m^-2)	多样性指数(H′)
2002年(黄小平等, 2007)	新村港	10	1152.68	286.77	0.67
2002年(黄小平等, 2007)	黎安港	24	2317.6	856.59	2.13
2009—2013年(涂志刚等, 2016)	新村港和黎安港	95	137.53	167. 57	1.9
2013年(李洋, 2015)	新村港	42	518.38	201.9	2.83
2015—2016年(本研究)	新村港	50	576.75	17.27	2.08
2017—2018年(本研究)	黎安港	62	191	222.59	3.66
2020年(郭治明等, 2023)	新村港	15	292.6	81.82	0.81
2020年(郭治明等, 2023)	黎安港	17	133.4	102.22	0.95

海南新村港和黎安港海草床大型底栖生物的群落结构比较^*

Comparison of macrobenthic community structure between seagrass beds in Xincungang and Li’angang, Hainan

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分类阶元	春季种类		夏季种类		秋季种类		冬季种类
分类阶元	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港	新村港	黎安港
环节动物门Annelida	15	18	8	6	5	13	9	15
节肢动物门Arthropoda	4	0	2	0	2	2	2	3
软体动物门Mollusca	2	7	2	2	5	11	4	8
刺胞动物门Cnidaria	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0
纽形动物门Nemertea	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
脊索动物门Chordata	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
棘皮动物门Arthropoda	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0

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