旅游干扰对西沙全富岛、银屿潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响

doi:10.11978/2024224

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 77-94.doi: 10.11978/2024224

旅游干扰对西沙全富岛、银屿潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响

王炎炎¹(), 宋丹瑛¹(), 陈治²

1.海南热带海洋学院旅游学院MTA教育中心, 海南三亚 572022
2.海南热带海洋学院, 热带海洋生物资源利用与保护教育部重点实验室, 海南三亚 572022

收稿日期:2024-11-28 修回日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-31
通讯作者: 宋丹瑛
作者简介:
王炎炎(1993—), 女, 黑龙江省七台河人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为海洋旅游。email: wyy2024@139.com
基金资助:
海南省哲学社会科学规划课题基金(HNSK(ZC)21-106); 海南省自然科学基金项目(721RC596); 国家自然科学基金项目(32002389)

Effects of tourism disturbance on macrobenthic communities in intertidal zones of Quanfu Island and Yinyu Island, Xisha

WANG Yanyan¹(), SONG Danying¹(), CHEN Zhi²

1. MTA Education Center, Tourism College, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
2. Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China

Received:2024-11-28 Revised:2024-12-10 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-31
Contact: SONG Danying
Supported by:
Hainan Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project Fund(HNSK(ZC)21-106); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(721RC596); National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002389)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究旅游干扰对西沙潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响, 本研究比较了全富岛、银屿与临近非旅游区的物种数、物种相似性指数、丰度、生物量、相对重要性指数、W统计量及物种多样性指数差异, 结果表明: (1)从旅游区和非旅游区本底数据来看, 西沙潮间带大型底栖动物群落存在明显的自然波动; (2)基于标准值的综合差异分析显示旅游干扰带来了额外的负面影响, 其干扰效应在物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数上已经达到显著水平; (3)综合所有检测指标的P值比较结果可以确认旅游干扰存在降低生物多样性的趋势; 随着旅游干扰效应的积累, 全富岛、银屿潮间带大型底栖动物群落可能会遭到更显著的破坏; (4)合理的旅游管理对珍稀物种具有一定的保护效果。本研究对推动西沙旅游开发及生物多样性保护具有一定意义。

关键词: 旅游干扰, 西沙, 潮间带, 大型底栖动物, 旅游管理

Abstract:

To examine the effects of tourism disturbance on macrobenthic communities in the intertidal zones of Xisha Islands, this study compared the species number, species similarity index, abundance, biomass, index of relative importance, W-statistic index, and biodiversity indices between Quanfu Island, Yinyu Island, and adjacent non-tourist areas. The results revealed that: (1) natural fluctuations in macrobenthic communities were evident in Xisha’s intertidal zones, as demonstrated by background data from both tourist and non-tourist areas; (2) comprehensive difference analysis using standard values indicated that tourism disturbance imposed additional negative effects, with particularly significant effects on species number and Shannon-Wiener diversity index; (3) comparison of P-values across all tested indices confirmed a declining trend in species diversity due to tourism disturbance, suggesting that continued accumulation of such effects may lead to more severe damage to macrobenthic community in Quanfu and Yinyu Islands; and (4) proper tourism management measures showed potential protective benefits for endangered species. This study provides valuable insights for balancing tourism development and biodiversity conservation in Xisha Islands.

Key words: tourism disturbance, Xisha Islands, intertidal zones, macrobenthic community, tourism management

中图分类号:

P735

王炎炎, 宋丹瑛, 陈治. 旅游干扰对西沙全富岛、银屿潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(4): 77-94.

WANG Yanyan, SONG Danying, CHEN Zhi. Effects of tourism disturbance on macrobenthic communities in intertidal zones of Quanfu Island and Yinyu Island, Xisha[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(4): 77-94.

图/表 16

表1

图1

表2

附表1

本研究发现的物种名录"

门类	物种名录		第1航次						第2航次
门类	物种中文名	物种拉丁学名	T1	T2	T3	N1	N2	N3	T1	T2	T3	N1	N2	N3
软体动物门	斑凤螺	Strombus lentiginosus	√	√	√	√	√	√		√		√	√
	篱凤螺	Strombus luhuanus	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
	花凤螺	Strombus mutabilis	√	√	√					√		√
	蜘蛛螺	Lambis lambis	√	√	√		√	√			√		√	√
	水字螺	Lambis chiragra	√	√	√					√		√	√
	耳鲍	Haliotis asinina							√
	虎斑宝贝	Cypraea tigris	√	√					√	√
	山猫眼宝贝	Cypraea lynx		√						√
	蛇首眼球贝	Erosaria caputserpentis	√	√			√		√	√
	货贝	Monetaria moneta	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
	环纹货贝	Monetaria annulus	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
	卵黄宝贝	Cypraea vitellus		√
	阿文绶贝	Mauritia arabica							√
	甲胄螺	Casmaria erinaceus				√							√
软体动物门	结节蟹守螺	Cerithium nodulosum				√	√							√
	直管楯桑葚螺	Clypeomorus petrosus												√
	大马蹄螺	Trochus niloticus	√	√	√				√	√
	马蹄螺	Trochus maculantus		√	√		√	√			√	√	√	√
	褶条马蹄螺	Trochus sacellum	√		√						√			√
	近亲马蹄螺	Trochus creniferus			√			√				√	√
	蝾螺	Turbo petholatus				√	√
	金口蝾螺	Turbo chrysostomus		√	√		√	√	√			√	√
	银口蝾螺	Turbo argyrostomus			√			√		√		√	√
	节蝾螺	Turbo brunerus			√							√
	肋蜒螺	Nerita costata					√	√					√
	褶蜒螺	Nerita plicata			√	√	√	√				√	√
	渔舟蜒螺	Nerita albicilla		√	√	√	√	√				√	√	√
	波纹滨螺	Littorarina undulata		√			√	√					√	√
	平轴螺	Planaxis sulcatus					√	√					√	√
	波纹甲虫螺	Cantharus undosun												√
	刺荔枝螺	Thais echinata		√	√			√		√			√	√
	多角荔枝螺	Thais aculeate			√		√	√				√	√
	疣荔枝螺	Thais clavigera			√							√
	绿珠螺	Smaragdinella sp.					√						√
	核果螺	Drupa morum		√	√	√	√	√				√	√	√
	刺核果螺	Drupa grossularia		√	√		√					√		√
	黄斑核果螺	Drupa ricinus		√				√		√			√	√
	粒结螺	Morula granulata			√	√	√	√				√	√
	草莓结螺	Morula uva					√	√					√
	粒蛙螺	Bursa granularis	√			√					√			√
	褐棘螺	Chicoreus brunneus	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√
	焦棘螺	Chicoreus torrefactus	√		√		√	√				√	√
	犬齿螺	Vasum turbinellus	√	√	√			√		√		√	√
	信号芋螺	Conus litteratus		√			√	√		√			√
	加勒底芋螺	Conus chaldaeus		√	√	√		√		√			√
	希伯来芋螺	Conus striatus				√	√	√			√		√	√
	浅纹芋螺	Conus ebraeus		√			√			√	√		√
	黑芋螺	Conus marmoreus	√	√	√			√		√			√
	宝石银山黧豆螺	Leucozonia smaragdula					√
	罫纹笋螺	Terebra maculata				√							√
	分层笋螺	Terebra dimidiata		√		√
	黄斑笋螺	Terebra chlorata					√					√
	金石蛏	Lithophaga zitteliana			√
	细肋钳蛤	Isognomon perna	√	√	√	√				√	√			√
	厚壳海菊蛤	Spondylus squamosus			√	√								√
	牡蛎未定种	Ostrea sp.			√	√	√	√					√	√
	紫口猿头蛤	Chama limbula			√
	砗蠔	Hippopus hippopus	√	√					√	√
	鳞砗磲	Tridacna squamosa	√	√					√	√	√
	番红砗磲	Tridacna crocea	√	√						√
	长砗磲	Tridacna maxima	√
	长棱蛤	Trapezium oblongum										√
	石磺	Peronia peronii												√
	蓝斑背肛海兔	Notarchus leachii		√						√
	黑指纹海兔	Aplysia dactylomela	√
	截尾海兔	Dolabella scapula								√		√
棘皮动物门	黑赤星海参	Holothuria cinerascens	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√
	黄疣海参	Holothuria hilla	√	√		√			√	√		√
	玉足海参	Holothuria leucospilota	√			√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√
	斑锚参	Synapta maculata	√
棘皮动物门	环棘偏海胆	Parasalenia poehli	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√
	喇叭毒棘海胆	Toxopneustes pileolus	√	√			√	√	√				√
	白棘三列海胆	Tripneustes gratilla	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
	刺冠海胆	Diadema setosum	√					√			√		√	√
	蓝指海星	Linckia laevigata		√
	吕宋棘海星	Echinaster luzonicus	√	√						√
	金氏真蛇尾	Ophiura kinbergi	√	√				√		√	√		√	√
节肢动物门	细纹方蟹	Grapsus tenuicrustatus		√	√		√	√		√		√	√	√
	粗糙蚀菱蟹	Daldorfia horrida		√	√							√	√	√
	美丽花瓣蟹	Liomera bella			√			√				√
	球形铠蟹	Banareia subglobosa			√		√					√		√
其他	叉斑锉鳞鲀	Rhinecanthus aculeatus	√					√	√				√
	海绵未定种1	Porifera				√				√
	海绵未定种2	Porifera				√			√	√

附表1

图2

表3

表4

图3

表5

表6

表7

优势种及其对应的相对重要性指数(I RI)"

物种	$I RI$
	第1航次		第2航次
	旅游区	非旅游区	旅游区	非旅游区
篱凤螺(Strombus luhuanus)	1211.792*	713.521	268.372	493.397
虎斑宝贝(C. tigris)	1026.912*	0	1104.636*	0
褶蜒螺(Nerita plicata)	102.047	1583.423*	0	565.705
渔舟蜒螺(N. albicilla)	542.821	1707.195*	0	1658.676*
牡蛎未定种(Ostera sp.)	212.248	1290.244*	0	339.510
黑赤星海参(Holothuria cinerascens)	862.821	979.464	697.080	1278.623*
环棘偏海胆(Parasalenia poehli)	457.812	2067.219*	626.899	528.991
白棘三列海胆(T. gratilla)	1467.049*	1913.999*	4875.299*	1129.563*
细纹方蟹(Grapsus tenuicrustatus)	222.088	254.567	28.554	1264.442*

表7

图4

表8

图5

表9

图6

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调查区域	站位编号	所在岛屿	经度	纬度
旅游区	T1	全富岛	111.671°E	16.576°N
	T2	银屿	111.715°E	16.586°N
	T3	银屿	111.716°E	16.571°N
非旅游区	N1	石屿	111.748°E	16.545°N
	N2	珊瑚岛	111.615°E	16.539°N
	N3	甘泉岛	111.590°E	16.504°N

航次	调查区域	站位	丰度		生物量
航次	调查区域	站位	原始数值/(ind·m^-2)	标准值	原始数值/(g·m^-2)	标准值
第1航次	旅游区	T1	186.462	—	6717.752	—
		T2	137.517	—	5138.364	—
		T3	166.321	—	3272.911	—
	非旅游区	N1	136.585	—	3513.495	—
		N2	317.192	—	6040.827	—
		N3	144.434	—	2462.782	—
第2航次	旅游区	T1	119.328	0.640	4130.929	0.615
		T2	108.905	0.792	3231.653	0.629
		T3	75.402	0.453	2217.342	0.677
	非旅游区	N1	84.718	0.620	2565.483	0.730
		N2	214.506	0.676	5569.814	0.922
		N3	168.693	1.168	2819.682	1.145

调查区域	站位编号	W统计量
调查区域	站位编号	第1航次	第2航次	标准值
旅游区	T1	−0.077	−0.150	1.948
	T2	−0.127	−0.246	1.937
	T3	0.030	−0.257	−8.567
非旅游区	N1	−0.123	−0.152	1.236
	N2	−0.082	−0.107	1.305
	N3	0.024	−0.137	−5.708

调查航次	调查区域	调查站位	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')		Pielou均匀度指数(E)		Simpson优势度指数(C)		Margalef丰富度指数(D_MG)
调查航次	调查区域	调查站位	原始值	标准值	原始值	标准值	原始值	标准值	原始值	标准值
第1航次	旅游区	T1	3.194	—	0.914	—	0.048	—	6.124	—
		T2	3.298	—	0.882	—	0.047	—	7.838	—
		T3	3.105	—	0.854	—	0.058	—	7.238	—
	非旅游区	N1	2.717	—	0.825	—	0.095	—	5.293	—
		N2	3.008	—	0.839	—	0.069	—	6.078	—
		N3	3.128	—	0.860	—	0.059	—	7.445	—
第2航次	旅游区	T1	2.447	0.766	0.831	0.909	0.122	2.542	4.120	0.673
		T2	3.132	0.950	0.896	1.016	0.051	1.085	7.345	0.937
		T3	2.383	0.767	0.841	0.985	0.121	2.086	3.993	0.552
	非旅游区	N1	3.144	1.157	0.907	1.099	0.045	0.474	6.997	1.322
		N2	3.215	1.069	0.855	1.019	0.057	0.826	7.827	1.288
		N3	3.018	0.965	0.879	1.022	0.067	1.136	5.855	0.786

检测指标	旅游区航次差异P	非旅游区航次差异P	第1航次区域差异P	第2航次区域差异P
物种数	0.052	0.740	0.402	0.123
丰度	0.076	0.360	0.585	0.245
生物量	0.053	0.451	0.515	0.701
W统计量	0.133	0.250	0.973	0.079
相对重要性指数	0	0.086	0.206	0.006
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数	0.103	0.379	0.138	0.128
Pielou均匀度指数	0.444	0.212	0.105	0.389
Simpson优势度指数	0.163	0.401	0.108	0.162
Margalef丰富度指数	0.138	0.631	0.379	0.232

旅游干扰对西沙全富岛、银屿潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响

Effects of tourism disturbance on macrobenthic communities in intertidal zones of Quanfu Island and Yinyu Island, Xisha

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调查区域	站位	共有物种数	共有物种数	J值
旅游区	T1	15	40	0.405	0.571
	T2	29		0.630
	T3	9		0.196
非旅游区	N1	13	48	0.283	0.696
	N2	29		0.580
	N3	20		0.408

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