广海湾海域潮位多峰特征及原因分析

doi:10.11978/2025044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在2024年广海湾附近海域夏季潮位观测期间, 发现该海域存在低高潮多峰现象, 这种异常的潮位数据给工程应用造成一定困扰。作者通过潮位重构、理论分析和数值模拟等方法, 对造成多峰现象的原因进行了探讨。认为该海域的M4分潮的比重较大是主要原因, 其与全日分潮、半日分潮的共同作用, 导致了这种多峰现象。通过改变潮汐边界、近岸水深、地形等影响因素, 构建不同的数值模型, 探讨了M4分潮大振幅的原因。结果表明, 广海湾附近海域本底的M4分潮整体较大, 其与M2分潮的振幅比已经接近多峰现象的临界条件。而独特的岛屿和近岸浅水地形, 使广海湾浅海分潮的振幅进一步增大, 形成低高潮的多峰现象。该研究解释了该海域多峰潮位的原因, 为附近海域潮位在生态防护、航运和近岸工程等方面的应用提供了一定的理论支撑。

关键词: 广海湾, 多峰潮位, 调和分析, 四分之一日分潮, 数值模拟

Abstract:

During the summer tide observation near Guanghai Bay (GB) in 2024, it was found that there were multiple peaks during low-high tide periods in the area. This abnormal tidal characteristics have caused certain difficulties for engineering applications. The causes of this multi-peak phenomenon were explored through tidal level reconstruction, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. The main reason is believed to be the high proportion of quarter-diurnal tidal components in this sea area. The interaction among diurnal, semi-diurnal, and quarter-diurnal tidal components leads to this multi-peak occurrence. By modifying factors such as tidal boundaries, nearshore water depth, and topography, numerical models were constructed to explore the reasons for the large amplitude of M4 tidal component. The results indicate that the background amplitude of M4 tidal component near GB is generally large, with the amplitude ratio of M4/M2 approaching the critical condition for multi-peak phenomena. The unique island and nearshore shallow topography further increase the amplitude of shallow-water tidal components in GB, forming the observed multi-peak phenomenon at the low-high tide. The research explains the multi-peak tidal level phenomenon in this sea area and provides theoretical support for the application of tidal levels in ecological protection, navigation, and nearshore engineering in nearby waters.

Key words: Guanghai Bay, multi-peak tides, harmonic analysis, quarter-diurnal tides, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

乔光全, 徐润刚. 广海湾海域潮位多峰特征及原因分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(6): 12-20.

QIAO Guangquan, XU Rungang. Multi-peak characteristics and cause analysis of tidal levels in Guanghai Bay[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(6): 12-20.

图/表 10

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分潮	T1		T2		T3
分潮	振幅/cm	迟角/°	振幅/cm	迟角/°	振幅/cm	迟角/°
Q1	8.5	148	8.5	143	8	141
O1	40.8	151	40.2	148	38.2	145
K1	47	191	45.9	188	44.7	185
P1	14.9	186	14.6	183	14.1	180
N2	12.6	60	11.7	53	11.3	51
M2	62.6	64	59.7	58	55.8	54
S2	32	94	29.8	88	27.2	83
K2	9.1	97	8.5	91	7.7	86
MN4	1.5	61	2.6	16	5.1	350
M4	4.4	60	7.8	24	14.2	7
MS4	2.6	149	4.1	104	8.8	78
M6	0.6	221	0.6	9	2.8	94

	边界分潮数量	地形	岛屿	节点数	网格数
算例1	13个	自然地形	保留	41451	79956
算例2	9个(无浅水分潮)	自然地形	保留
算例3	13个	等深线与海岸大致平行	保留
算例4	13个	等深线与海岸大致平行	取消	25603	49393

分潮	振幅/cm						迟角/°
	T1		T2		T3		T1		T2		T3
	数模	误差	数模	误差	数模	误差	数模	误差	数模	误差	数模	误差
Q1	8.8	0.3	8.8	0.3	7.8	-0.2	149	1	144	1	148	7
O1	41.3	0.5	41.3	1.1	39.9	1.7	152	1	147	-1	148	3
K1	46.7	-0.3	46.7	0.8	43.9	-0.8	191	0	187	-1	187	2
P1	15.1	0.2	15.1	0.5	14.0	-0.1	186	0	182	-1	181	1
N2	13.1	0.5	12.1	0.4	11.7	0.4	59	-1	60	7	52	1
M2	62.3	-0.3	62.3	2.6	57.1	1.3	63	-1	62	4	58	4
S2	33.0	1.8	31.8	2.0	26.9	-0.3	93	-1	91	3	81	-2
K2	10.0	0.9	10.0	1.5	7.9	0.2	96	-1	93	2	84	-2
MN4	1.9	0.4	3.1	0.5	4.9	-0.2	59	-2	22	6	354	4
M4	5.0	0.6	8.5	0.7	14.5	0.3	61	1	23	-1	358	-9
MS4	2.6	0.0	4.4	0.3	7.0	-1.8	151	2	110	6	83	5
M6	0.6	0.0	1.5	0.9	3.1	0.3	223	2	9	0	97	3

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