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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

北部湾茅尾海潮滩外来红树无瓣海桑时空演替

谢小魁1, 李兴荣2, 王日明1, 戴志军3*, 龚受基4, 庞文鸿5, 张尚宇2   

  1. 1. 北部湾大学 广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室/资源与环境学院, 广西 钦州 535011;

    2. 中交第四航务工程勘察设计院有限公司, 广州 510230;

    3. 华东师范大学 河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200062;

    4. 北部湾大学 食品工程学院, 广西 钦州 535011;

    5. 北部湾大学 广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室/海洋学院, 广西 钦州 535011

  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 修回日期:2025-05-26 接受日期:2025-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 戴志军
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(气候与非气候因素驱动的河口潮滩湿地蚀退机制及修复技术); 国家自然科学重点基金(41930537); 国家自然科学基金(42366009) ; 广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室开放课题(2021KA02); 钦州市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20223623)

Spatiotemporal succession of the exotic mangrove Sonneratia apetala in the Maowei Sea tidal flats, Beibu Gulf

XIE Xiaokui1, LI Xingrong2, WANG Riming1, DAI Zhijun3*, GONG Shouji4, PANG Wenhong5, ZHANG Shangyu2   

  1. 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf /College of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China;

    2. CCCC-FHDI Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510230, China;

    3. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;

    4. College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China;

    5. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf / College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China

  • Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-05-26 Accepted:2025-05-30
  • Supported by:

    Key Special Project of Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation under the National Key R&D Program (Mechanisms of Erosion and Retreat in Estuarine Tidal Wetlands Driven by Climatic and Non-Climatic Factors and Restoration Technologies), National Natural Science Foundation Key Program(41930537), National Natural Science Foundation of China(42366009) , Open Fund Project of the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf Research (2021KA02), Qinzhou Scientific Research and Technology Development Program(20223623)

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摘要： 非本地红树通过占据土著物种栖息空间并迅速扩张, 对区域乡土红树生态多样性构成严重威胁。本文以广西“茅尾海红树林自然保护区”为例, 基于2000年至2023年的多时相遥感影像、无人机航拍和现场调查数据, 采用机器学习技术对外来红树无瓣海桑在茅尾海的时空动态及其主控缘由进行探讨。主要结果表明：(1)2002—2023年间, 无瓣海桑分布面积从零逐渐增加至1076.77hm2, 其中2002—2015年以每年11.43hm2的速率缓慢增加, 到2015年达138.20hm2; 2015—2023年为快速扩张阶段, 以年均116.46hm2的速度增加; (2)无瓣海桑展现出显著的梯度分布格局, 在茅尾海西部无瓣海桑呈现聚集分布, 在中部潮滩与本地红树林镶嵌分布, 在东部潮滩呈点状零星分布, 其扩张分为2个阶段：2002—2014年间自西部康熙岭潮滩沿大榄江河岸扩散; 随后在2015年跨越大榄江, 侵入茅尾海中部, 2015—2023年趋向东部潮滩扩散。(3)人工引种与保护区红树林保育是茅尾海无瓣海桑定植和持续扩张的直接原因, 入海径流携带的泥沙促使潮滩淤高为无瓣海桑扩张提供了空间基础, 而地转偏向力引起的涨潮力右偏是无瓣海桑东扩和沿江向上游迁移的主因。本研究为控制无瓣海桑在茅尾海的快速扩散, 维护本地红树林生态系统的健康与生物多样性提供部分理论和数据支撑。

关键词: 无瓣海桑, 外来物种, 红树林, 茅尾海

Abstract: The non-native mangrove species poses a serious threat to the ecological diversity of regional native mangroves by occupying the habitat of indigenous species and rapidly expansion. This study takes the "Maowei Sea Mangrove Nature Reserve" in Guangxi, China, as a case study and investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics and key driving factors of the exotic mangrove Sonneratia apetala (S. apetala) from 2000 to 2023 using multi-temporal remote sensing imagery, UAV aerial photography, and field survey data, employing machine learning techniques. The primary findings are summarized below: (1) From 2002 to 2023, the distribution area of S. apetala gradually increased from zero to 1076.77 hm². Between 2002 and 2015, it presented expansion with slowly rate of 11.43 hm² per year, reaching 138.20 hm² by 2015. From 2015 to 2023, the expansion accelerated, increasing at an average rate of 116.46 hm² per year. (2) S. apetala exhibited a clear gradient distribution pattern across the Maowei Sea. In the western region, it formed clustered aggregations; in the central tidal flats, it was interspersed with native mangrove species; and in the eastern tidal flats, it appeared as scattered, point-like occurrences. The expansion progressed in two distinct stages. From 2002 to 2014, S. apetala spread from the western Kangxiling tidal flats along the banks of the Dalan River. By 2015, it had crossed the river and established itself in the central region of the Maowei Sea, followed by continued expansion toward the eastern tidal flats between 2015 and 2023. (3) Artificial planting and mangrove conservation efforts within the reserve were the direct drivers of the establishment and continued expansion of S. apetala in the Maowei Sea. Sediment carried by riverine runoff contributed to tidal flat accretion, providing the spatial foundation for its expansion. Meanwhile, the Coriolis force, which causes a rightward deflection of tidal currents, was the primary factor driving the eastward spread and upstream migration of S. apetala along the river. This study offers theoretical insights and data support for controlling the rapid spread of S. apetala in the Maowei Sea and for maintaining the health and biodiversity of the native mangrove ecosystem.

Key words: Sonneratia apetala, exotic species, mangroves, Maowei Sea