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热带海洋学报

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中国䲗科鱼类（海龙目：䲗亚目）一新纪录种：红身䲗（Callionymus erythraeus）

罗腾达1,2，林强 1,2，张艳红1,2   

  1. 1. 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301;
     2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18 修回日期:2025-10-15 接受日期:2025-10-30
  • 通讯作者: 张艳红
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（42176120），广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金项目（2024A1515012304）

The smallhead dragonet Callionymus erythraeus, a new-record dragonet (Syngnathiformes: Callionymoidei: Callionymidae) species from Chinese waters

LUO Tengda1,2, LIN Qiang1,2, ZHANG Yanhong1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institude of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
  • Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2025-10-15 Accepted:2025-10-30
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176120); the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012304)

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摘要： 䲗科鱼类广泛分布于全球的温带至热带海域，许多物种为重要的经济或观赏鱼类。在本研究中，我们通过形态学与线粒体COI分子标记鉴定，确认了来自广东省阳江市海陵岛近海的红身䲗记录，为该种在中国海域的首次报道。与同域分布的其他䲗科鱼类相比，该种的特征包括：雄性第一背鳍扩大，鳍棘延伸为丝状且第四鳍棘显著最为延长；背鳍、尾鳍和腹鳍具独特的棕色网纹；体背侧棕红色，腹侧白色，两色间具锯齿状分界线，分界线上方至侧线间密布细小白点，体侧具较大的白色斑点，背鳍基部具白色鞍状斑。研究所得到的COI基因长度为1521bp，与新加坡报道的红身䲗遗传距离为0.0030，为种内差异。本研究不仅为中国䲗科鱼类增加了一个新纪录种，也为我国的海洋鱼类生物多样性调查提供了新的数据。

关键词: 红身?, 新纪录种, 海龙目, COI 条形码, 中国

Abstract: The dragonet family Callionymidae comprises a group of fishes widely distributed in temperate to tropical marine waters worldwide, many of which are important commercial or aquarium fish. In this study, we confirm the presence of the smallhead dragonet, Callionymus erythraeus, in the coastal waters of Hailing Island, Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, China via morphological identification and molecular identification based on the mitochondrial COI marker, which represents the first record of this species from Chinese waters. Compared to other co-occurring species within the family, this species can be distinguished by several unique morphological characteristics. Males possess an enlarged first dorsal fin with filamentous spines, among which the fourth spine is notably the longest. The dorsal, caudal, and pelvic fins display distinctive brown reticulate patterns. The body exhibits a reddish-brown coloration on the dorsolateral region, transitioning sharply to white on the ventral side along a jagged boundary. Numerous small white spots are densely scattered between the upper boundary and the lateral line, while larger white spots are present on the flanks. White, saddle-shaped blotches are visible at the base of the dorsal fin. The COI gene sequence obtained from the study is 1521 bp in length, with a genetic distance of 0.0030 from the C. erythraeus reported from Singapore, indicating intraspecific variation. Our findings not only add a new species to the checklist of Chinese dragonets but also contribute to the understanding of the country's marine fish biodiversity.

Key words: smallhead dragonet, new-record species, Syngnathiformes, COI barcoding, China