中国䲗科鱼类(海龙目: 䲗亚目)一新纪录种: 红身䲗(Callionymus erythraeus)*

doi:10.11978/2025137

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 122-128.doi: 10.11978/2025137CSTR: 32234.14.2025137

中国䲗科鱼类(海龙目: 䲗亚目)一新纪录种: 红身䲗(Callionymus erythraeus)^*

罗腾达¹^,²(), 林强¹^,², 张艳红¹^,²()

¹ 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301
² 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-08-18 修回日期:2025-10-15 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-28
通讯作者: 张艳红, 研究员。email: zhangyanhong@scsio.ac.cn
作者简介:
罗腾达(2002—), 男, 广东省深圳市人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事海洋鱼类分子生态学研究。email: luotengda23@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42176120); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金项目(2024A1515012304)

The smallhead dragonet Callionymus erythraeus, a newly recorded dragonet (Syngnathiformes: Callionymoidei: Callionymidae) species from Chinese waters*

LUO Tengda¹^,²(), LIN Qiang¹^,², ZHANG Yanhong¹^,²()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2025-10-15 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-28
Contact: ZHANG Yanhong. email: zhangyanhong@scsio.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176120); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012304)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

䲗科鱼类广泛分布于全球的温带至热带海域, 许多物种为重要的经济或观赏鱼类。在本研究中, 我们通过形态学与线粒体COI分子标记鉴定, 确认了来自广东省阳江市海陵岛近海的红身䲗记录, 为该物种在中国海域的首次报道。与同域分布的其他䲗科鱼类相比, 该种的特征包括: 雄性第一背鳍扩大, 第二至第四枚鳍棘丝状延长, 第四鳍棘显著延长; 背鳍、尾鳍和腹鳍具独特的棕色网纹; 体背侧棕红色, 腹侧白色, 两色间具锯齿状分界线, 分界线上方至侧线间密布细小白点, 体侧具较大的白色斑点, 背鳍基部具白色鞍状斑。本研究得到的COI基因长度为1521bp, 与新加坡报道的红身䲗遗传距离为0.002, 为种内差异。本研究不仅为中国䲗科鱼类增加了一个新纪录种, 也为我国的海洋鱼类生物多样性调查提供了新的数据。

关键词: 红身䲗, 新纪录种, 海龙目, COI条形码, 中国

Abstract:

The Callionymidae are a group of fishes widely distributed in temperate to tropical marine waters worldwide, many of which are important commercial or ornamental fish. In this study, we confirm the presence of the smallhead dragonet, Callionymus erythraeus Ninni 1934, in the coastal waters of Hailing Island, Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, China, via morphological and molecular identification based on the mitochondrial COI marker. It represents the first record of this species from Chinese waters. Compared to other co-occurring species within the family, this species can be distinguished by several unique morphological characteristics. Males possess an enlarged first dorsal fin, with spines Ⅱ-Ⅳ filamentous, among which the fourth spine is notably the longest. The dorsal, caudal, and pelvic fins exhibit distinctive brown reticulate patterns. The body is reddish-brown on the dorsolateral side, transitioning sharply to white on the ventral side along a jagged boundary. Numerous small white spots are densely scattered between the upper boundary and the lateral line, while large white spots are present on the flanks. White, saddle-shaped blotches are visible at the base of the dorsal fin. The COI gene sequence obtained from the study is 1521 bp in length, with a genetic distance of 0.002 from the C. erythraeus reported from Singapore, indicating intraspecific variation. Our findings not only add a new species to the checklist of Chinese dragonets but also contribute to the understanding of the country’s marine fish biodiversity.

Key words: smallhead dragonet, newly recorded species, Syngnathiformes, COI barcoding, China

中图分类号:

S917.4

罗腾达, 林强, 张艳红. 中国䲗科鱼类(海龙目: 䲗亚目)一新纪录种: 红身䲗(Callionymus erythraeus)^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(3): 122-128.

LUO Tengda, LIN Qiang, ZHANG Yanhong. The smallhead dragonet Callionymus erythraeus, a newly recorded dragonet (Syngnathiformes: Callionymoidei: Callionymidae) species from Chinese waters*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(3): 122-128.

图/表 4

表1

图1

图2

表2

基于 COI 序列计算的各䲗科鱼类的K2P遗传距离"

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
1 Meiacanthus grammistes (outgroup)
2 Callionymus maculatus	0.270
3 Callionymus lyra	0.245	0.154
4 Callionymus persicus	0.241	0.245	0.290
5 Callionymus simplicornis	0.242	0.258	0.273	0.091
6 Callionymus japonicus	0.250	0.265	0.271	0.205	0.203
7 Callionymus afilum	0.240	0.296	0.280	0.181	0.197	0.113
8 Callionymus ogilbyi	0.242	0.299	0.277	0.183	0.195	0.111	0.002
9 Bathycallionymus kaianus	0.247	0.266	0.255	0.269	0.229	0.239	0.267	0.265
10 Bathycallionymus sokonumeri	0.278	0.310	0.279	0.281	0.276	0.257	0.228	0.226	0.137
11 Bathycallionymus formosanus	0.262	0.299	0.249	0.272	0.247	0.242	0.219	0.217	0.139	0.064
12 Repomucenus hindsii	0.280	0.253	0.286	0.205	0.215	0.230	0.240	0.242	0.204	0.222	0.229
13 Repomucenus sagitta	0.247	0.294	0.274	0.231	0.239	0.213	0.225	0.227	0.207	0.223	0.214	0.169
14 Repomucenus schaapii	0.237	0.295	0.277	0.246	0.266	0.233	0.231	0.234	0.244	0.218	0.220	0.190	0.209
15 Repomucenus planus	0.231	0.295	0.278	0.222	0.241	0.208	0.210	0.207	0.174	0.216	0.218	0.177	0.167	0.186
16 Repomucenus olidus	0.254	0.271	0.259	0.251	0.260	0.250	0.254	0.252	0.236	0.262	0.239	0.204	0.193	0.215	0.217
17 Repomucenus ornatipinnis	0.243	0.287	0.292	0.247	0.267	0.215	0.234	0.232	0.236	0.262	0.271	0.210	0.178	0.190	0.190	0.222
18 Repomucenus curvicornis	0.240	0.277	0.310	0.212	0.223	0.223	0.242	0.245	0.260	0.265	0.262	0.210	0.186	0.194	0.226	0.256	0.127
19 Repomucenus lunatus	0.230	0.290	0.308	0.215	0.229	0.234	0.236	0.238	0.251	0.246	0.258	0.208	0.191	0.197	0.218	0.243	0.128	0.048
20 Callionymus bairdi	0.240	0.300	0.304	0.224	0.201	0.205	0.216	0.214	0.222	0.269	0.253	0.203	0.226	0.251	0.187	0.229	0.247	0.236	0.222
21 Callionymus erythraeus Singapore	0.227	0.283	0.258	0.226	0.241	0.230	0.229	0.227	0.201	0.247	0.222	0.220	0.204	0.231	0.187	0.206	0.223	0.244	0.258	0.218
22 Callionymus erythraeus Yangjiang, China	0.247	0.285	0.256	0.226	0.238	0.231	0.231	0.229	0.203	0.249	0.221	0.226	0.202	0.233	0.188	0.219	0.221	0.241	0.254	0.220	0.002

表2

参考文献 17

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物种	GenBank登录号
Meiacanthus grammistes	PV984443.1*
Callionymus erythraeus	PV984427.1*
Callionymus erythraeus	PP088105.1
Callionymus lyra	OR334501.1
Callionymus maculatus	KJ204763.1
Callionymus persicus	MT076527.1
Callionymus simplicicornis	PP488298.1
Callionymus japonicus	KF265048.1
Callionymus afilum	HQ955962.1
Callionymus ogilbyi	HQ955965.1
Callionymus bairdi	HM390116.1
Bathycallionymus kaianus	MN794196.1
Bathycallionymus sokonumeri	KY371213.1
Bathycallionymus formosanus	MK777783.1
Repomucenus schaapii	PP088127.1
Repomucenus hindsii	PP471983.1
Repomucenus sagitta	KF265062.1
Repomucenus ornatipinnis	MZ895593.1
Repomucenus curvicornis	KF265059.1
Repomucenus lunatus	KF265060.1
Repomucenus olidus	NC_046750.1
Repomucenus planus	OQ553089.1

中国䲗科鱼类(海龙目: 䲗亚目)一新纪录种: 红身䲗(Callionymus erythraeus)^*

The smallhead dragonet Callionymus erythraeus, a newly recorded dragonet (Syngnathiformes: Callionymoidei: Callionymidae) species from Chinese waters*

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