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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

涡旋背景下南海中部浮游动物群落结构及粒级特征

莫德森1, 2, 黄皓晨1, 李开枝1, 谭烨辉1, 柯志新1, 3   

  1. 1. 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301;

    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;

    3. 粤东上升流区海洋生态系统综合观测研究站, 广东 汕头 515041



  • 收稿日期:2025-11-28 修回日期:2025-12-17 接受日期:2026-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 柯志新
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(32171548); 科技基础资源调查专项(2025FY101402); 广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060047)

Zooplankton community structure and size spectrum in the central South China Sea under the influence of mesoscale eddies

MO Desen1, 2, HUANG Haochen1, Li Kaizhi1, TAN Yehui1, KE Zhixin1,3    

  1. 1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    3. Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, Shantou 515041, China



  • Received:2025-11-28 Revised:2025-12-17 Accepted:2026-01-07
  • Contact: Ke, Zhixin
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171548); National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Program of China (2025FY101402); Special Fund for Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China (2023B1212060047)

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摘要： 海洋浮游动物的群落结构和垂直分布在渔业资源和碳封存中发挥着重要作用, 中尺度涡可通过调控水文环境与生物地球化学过程, 可影响浮游动物群落的结构与功能特征。基于2024年9月在南海中部0~700m水层浮游动物垂直分层采样, 分析该海域涡旋背景下浮游动物垂直分布、群落特征以及传递效率, 并结合环境因子, 比较冷涡区、暖涡区和无涡区浮游动物的群落组成、粒级结构和传递效率的差异。采样区域共鉴定浮游动物440种, 隶属于12个类群, 其中桡足类占绝对优势(254种, 57.73%), 介形类(34种)、水母类(32种)和虾类(26种)次之。浮游动物物种丰富度和丰度均呈现明显的垂直分层特征, 高值集中于100m以浅水层, 并随深度增加而降低。中尺度涡对浮游动物分布影响显著, 冷涡区浮游动物总丰度与生物量显著增加, 深层较大粒级个体的生物量占比也显著提升; 而暖涡区桡足类相对丰度占比下降, 粒级结构趋于小型化。群落结构聚类分析显示, 浮游动物在0~700m可划分为三个典型的垂直群落: 0~100m表层群落以针丽哲水蚤Calocalanus styliremis、羽长腹剑水蚤Oithona plumifera等为主; 100~400m中层群落以瘦乳点水蚤Pleuromamma gracilis、黄角光水蚤Lucicutia flavicornis等为优势; 400~700m深层群落则以短尾长腹水蚤Metridia brevicauda、角三锥剑水蚤Triconia conifera、瘦隆剑水蚤Oncaea gracilis等优势明显。标准化生物量粒径谱分析表明冷涡区斜率较缓、截距较高, 而暖涡区则呈现相反趋势, 说明冷涡区浮游动物的生产力与能量传递效率更高。环境因子的影响作用具有明显的深度依赖性, 200m以浅水层主要受温度、溶解氧、盐度和叶绿素a共同影响, 而200m以深水层则主要由温度与溶解氧主导。南海中部采样期间中尺度涡可通过改变水体结构与营养条件影响浮游动物垂直分布、粒级结构和传递效率, 研究结果为深入理解南海中部生态系统的碳循环与能量流动提供了科学依据。

关键词: 浮游动物, 垂直分布, 中尺度涡, 粒级结构, 南海

Abstract: Zooplankton serves as a key component of marine ecosystems, playing critical roles in fisheries resources and carbon sequestration. Mesoscale eddies can significantly influence the community structure and functional traits of zooplankton by modulating hydrological conditions and biogeochemical processes. To investigate the influence of mesoscale eddies on the vertical distribution of zooplankton, this study systematically analyzed the community composition, size structure, and regulatory mechanisms in cold eddies (CEs), warm eddies (WEs), and background regions of the central South China Sea by using vertically stratified (0~700m) samples collected with a MultiNet system in September 2024 combined with concurrent environmental data. A total of 440 zooplankton species were identified, belonging to 12 taxonomic groups. Copepoda were the predominant group (254 species, 57.73%), followed by ostracoda (34 species), jellyfish (32 species), and shrimp (26 species). The species richness and abundance of zooplankton all exhibited distinct vertical stratification, with maximum values concentrated in the upper 100m layer and decreasing with depth. Mesoscale eddies significantly shaped the distribution patterns: CEs enhanced total abundance and biomass, with increased relative biovolume of larger individuals in deeper layers. In contrast, WEs reduced copepod dominance and shifted the community toward smaller sizes. Cluster analysis revealed that the zooplankton community in the 0~700m layer could be delineated into three typical vertical assemblages: the surface community (0~100m) was dominated by species such as Calocalanus styliremis and Oithona plumifera; the mid-water community (100~400m) was characterized by the dominance of Pleuromamma gracilis and Lucicutia flavicornis; and the deep community (400~700m) was notably dominated by Metridia brevicauda, Triconia conifera, and Oncaea gracilis. Normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS) analysis revealed that the NBSS slope flattened and the intercept declined with depth. CEs region flattened the NBSS slope and raised the intercept, indicating higher productivity and energy transfer efficiency, whereas the WEs region exhibited an opposite trend. This pattern indicates higher zooplankton productivity and energy transfer efficiency in the CEs. The influence of environmental factors were depth-dependent: the layer above 200m was primarily influenced by temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and chlorophyll-a, whereas the layer below 200m was mainly governed by temperature and dissolved oxygen. This study elucidates how mesoscale eddies influence the vertical distribution, size structure, and transfer efficiency of zooplankton by altering water column properties and nutrient regimes, thereby providing a scientific basis for enhancing the understanding of carbon cycling and energy flow in the central South China Sea.

Key words: Zooplankton, Vertical distribution, Mesoscale eddy, Size structure, South China Sea