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热带海洋学报

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茅尾海近岸表层沉积物铁形态分布特征及铁对磷释放控制研究

莫小荣1, 潘虹伯1, 杨斌1,2,3*, 徐程2, 亢振军1,3, 王凌燕1, 黄海方1,3,4   

  1. 1. 北部湾大学, 资源与环境学院/广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西 钦州535011;

    2. 江苏海洋大学, 自然资源部滨海盐沼湿地生态与资源重点实验室/江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室, 江苏 连云港 222005;

    3. 北部湾大学海洋学院, 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西 钦州 535011

    4. 中国海洋大学, 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266100



  • 收稿日期:2026-02-01 修回日期:2026-03-30 接受日期:2026-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 杨斌
  • 基金资助:

    广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFHA069112; 2025GXNSFAA069339); 江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20241962); 广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室(北部湾大学)开放课题(2024KF01); 北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站(科研能力建设)(桂科23-026-271)

Distribution characteristics of iron forms and their control on phosphorus release in surface sediments of coastal areas in the Maowei Sea

MO Xiarong1, PAN Hongbo1, YANG Bin1,2,3*, XU Cheng2, KANG Zhenjun1,3, WANG Lingyan1, HUANG Haifang1,3,4   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China;

    2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China;

    3. Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China

    4. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China



  • Received:2026-02-01 Revised:2026-03-30 Accepted:2026-04-07
  • Supported by:

    Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2025GXNSFHA069112; 2025GXNSFAA069339); Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (BK20241962); Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University (2024KF01); Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi (23-026-271)

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摘要： 采用连续分级法浸提测定茅尾海近岸表层沉积物不同形态铁(Fe)和磷(P)含量，结合沉积物理化参数，阐明Fe形态分布特征及其影响因素，并探究Fe对P释放控制作用的影响。结果表明，茅尾海近岸表层沉积物各形态Fe含量依次为残渣态铁(Fe-5)>Fe-Mn氧化物态铁(Fe-3)>有机态铁(Fe-4)>碳酸盐结合态铁(Fe-2)>交换态铁(Fe-1)，其中，Fe-5和Fe-3分别占总铁(∑Fe)含量的64.28%和25.05%。沉积物∑Fe及各形态Fe高值区主要分布在钦江、茅岭江和大榄江河口区。茅尾海近岸表层沉积物无机磷(IP)是总磷(∑P)的主要存在形式，铁结合态磷 (Fe-P)是IP的主要赋存形态，沉积物∑P及各形态P高值区主要位于茅岭江河口区。Fe-3、Fe-4、Fe-5、有效铁(BFe)、∑Fe与沉积物盐度、含水率、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、粉砂呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，与砂呈显著负相关(P<0.05)，表明盐度、TOC、TN、含水率是其重要影响因素。此外，Fe-3、Fe-5、BFe、∑Fe与弱吸附态磷、Fe-P、碎屑磷(De-P)、IP、有机磷和∑P呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，Fe-2、Fe-4与De-P呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，表明Fe是P循环的关键调控因子。∑Fe/∑P质量比范围为47.22~128.76，均>20，且高值区主要位于湾口，表明茅尾海近岸表层沉积物Fe对P的释放具有较强的控制作用，且在湾口显得尤为突出。

关键词: 铁形态, 磷形态, 分布特征, 表层沉积物, 茅尾海

Abstract: The sequential extraction method was utilized to extract and measure the contents of various iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) forms in surface sediments of coastal areas in the Maowei Sea. Combining sediment physicochemical parameters to elucidate the distribution characteristics of Fe forms and their influencing factors, and explore the role of Fe in controlling P release. The results showed that the contents of various Fe forms in the surface sediments follows the order of residual Fe (Fe-5) > Fe-Mn oxide-bound Fe (Fe-3) > organic-bound Fe (Fe-4) > carbonate-bound Fe (Fe-2) > exchangeable Fe (Fe-1). The contents of Fe-5 and Fe-3 accounted for 64.28%% and 25.05%% of the total Fe (∑Fe) content, respectively. The high-value areas of ∑Fe and various Fe forms in sedments were located in the estuaries of the Qinjiang River, Maolingjiang River, and Dalanjiang River. Inorganic P (IP) was the primary speciation of total P (∑P), and Fe-bound P (Fe-P) was the main form of IP in the surface sediments. The high-value areas of ∑P and its various P forms in the surface sediments were mainly located in the Maolingjiang River estuary region. Fe-3, Fe-4, Fe-5, bioavailable Fe (BFe), and ∑Fe exhibited significant positive correlations with salinity, moisture content, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and silt content in the sediments (P<0.05), while displaying significant negative correlations with sand content (P<0.05), suggesting that salinity, TOC, TN, and moisture content were main environmental factors. Additionally, Fe-3, Fe-5, BFe, and ∑Fe exhibited significantly positive correlations with exchangeable P, Fe-P, detrital P (De-P), IP, organic P, and ∑P in the sediments (P<0.05), Fe-2 and Fe-4 displayed significantly positive correlations with De-P (P<0.05). These findings suggested a synchronous coupling relationship between various forms of Fe and P in sediments, with Fe serving as a crucial regulatory factor in the P cycling. The mass ratio of ∑Fe/∑P ranged from 47.22 to 128.76, all of which were greater than 20. The high ratio values were found at the bay mouth. These findings indicated that Fe exerted significant regulatory control on P release in surface sediments of coastal areas in the Maowei Sea, particularly in the bay mouth region.

Key words: iron forms, phosphorus forms, distribution characteristics, surface sediments, Maowei Sea