南海深水延绳钓探捕渔获组成与数量分布

doi:10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2015.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据2010~2013年8个航次南海深水延绳钓探捕调查结果, 用渔获率和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)作为鱼类资源数量分布的指标, 对渔获种类、数量分布、季节变化作了定量分析。结果表明, 南海深海区深水延绳钓渔获种类有33种, 其中大眼金枪鱼、斑点月鱼、帆蜥鱼、大青鲨、凹尾长鳍乌鲂、箭鱼等6种鱼类占总渔获重量的75.56%; 帆蜥鱼、蛇鲭、凹尾长鳍乌鲂、黑魟、大眼金枪鱼等5种鱼类占总渔获尾数的82.59%。渔获种类组成季节变化不大, 冬季长鳍金枪鱼、箭鱼、异鳞蛇鲭渔获量相对增多。四个季节中均以南沙中西部海域的渔获率较高。春、夏季节南沙中西部海域的CPUE较高, 秋季西沙西部海域的CPUE较高, 冬季海南岛东南部海域的CPUE较高。延绳钓捕获的鱼种按渔获水深可划分为浅水鱼种和深水鱼种两大类群, 其中87.33%的渔获物出现在水深80~280m。与南海以往的生产和调查结果相比, 本探捕的金枪鱼渔获率较低, 未达到商业生产的要求, 可能原因是: 1)探捕时未能把握好中心渔场; 2)未选用针对性强的渔具渔法。建议加强南海深海渔业资源的调查和捕捞技术的研究。

关键词: 金枪鱼, 延绳钓, 渔获组成, 数量分布, 南海

Abstract: Deep longline surveys were conducted in the South China Sea from June 2010 to February 2013. The composition, quantity and seasonal variation of fish species were reported using hooking rate and catch per unit effort as index. A total of 33 species were identified, of which six species including Thunnus obesus, Lampris guttatus, Alepisaurus ferox, Scoliodon Palasorrah, Taractichthys steindachneri, and Xiphias gladius were the most abundant ones taking 75.56% of the total weight, and of which five species such as Alepisaurus ferox, Gempylus serpens, Taractichthys steindachneri, Dasyatis atratus, and Thunnus obesus were the most abundant ones taking 82.59% of the total number. The species compositions of the catches did not change with season, but more Thunnus alalunga, Xiphias gladius and Lepidocybium flavobrunneum were caught in winter. The average hooking rate was higher in central western Nansha waters than in other sea areas in all four seasons. The average CPUE was higher in central western Nansha waters in spring and summer, in western Xisha waters in fall and in southeastern waters off Hainan Island in winter. Fish species could be classified into shallow-water group and deep-water group according to catching depth, and 87.33% of the catches came from 80 to 280 m water depths. There are two reasons for low hooking rate with comparison to previous surveys and productions. One is that survey area coverage was not large enough to make us find better fishing ground; the other is that we could not adjust fishing gear and method effectively without knowledge of fish behavior in deep South China Sea . We suggest paying more attention to fishing ground and fishing technology in future surveys.

Key words: tuna, longline, species composition, quantitative distribution, South China Sea

冯波, 李忠炉, 侯刚. 南海深水延绳钓探捕渔获组成与数量分布[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2015, 34(1): 64-70.

FENG Bo, LI Zhong-lu, HOU Gang. Fish species and quantity in the South China Sea surveyed by deep longline[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2015, 34(1): 64-70.

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