我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范的现状与分析

doi:10.11978/2019111

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滨海湿地是地球上十分重要的一类生态系统, 可为人类社会提供诸如调节气候、降解污染、碳汇氮汇等众多生态服务功能。近年来, 由于气候变化和围填海等开发活动的影响, 我国滨海湿地面积锐减, 功能退化, 面临多种生态问题。为应对滨海湿地退化及日益凸显的生态环境问题, 滨海湿地保护和修复工作逐渐受到重视, 滨海湿地生态修复工程项目的数量和规模也随之急剧增加。滨海湿地生态修复技术规范对滨海湿地生态修复工作具有重要意义, 然而我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范体系尚不完善, 导致滨海湿地生态修复项目实施无序以及生态修复成效低等问题。本文全面搜集了我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范, 对检索到的规范进行分类统计与分析, 从而揭示其存在的问题, 主要包括规范体系系统性不足、生态修复理念滞后、规范之间缺乏协调性、规范可操作性差、规范更新迟滞等。针对存在的问题提出了相应的对策建议, 为完善我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范体系、不断推进我国生态文明建设进程提供参考。

关键词: 滨海湿地, 生态修复, 规范, 生态系统

Abstract:

Coastal wetland is an important ecosystem on the Earth, and provides a series of ecological service for human society, such as climate regulation, pollution degradation, carbon sink, and nitrogen sink. In recent years, China's coastal wetland areas have declined sharply, and their functions have been degraded, facing various ecological problems, due to the impact of climate change and other development activities, such as land-reclamation projects. To cope with the degradation of coastal wetlands and increasingly prominent ecological and environmental problems, the protection and restoration of coastal wetlands have gradually received attention, and the number and scale of coastal wetland ecological restoration projects have also increased dramatically. The standards have important guiding significance for ecological restoration of coastal wetlands. However, the specification system of coastal wetland ecological restoration in China is not perfect, which leads to problems such as disorderly implementation and poor results of coastal wetland ecological restoration projects. We comprehensively collect the relevant specifications, then classify and analysze these technical specifications, thus revealing related existing problems, including systematic deficiency of technical specification system, lag of ecological restoration concept, poor operability and coordination, and tardy update of specifications. According to the existing problems, we put forward corresponding strategies, which provide a scientific basis for improving the specification system of coastal wetland ecological restoration and promoting the process of ecological civilization construction in China.

Key words: coastal wetland, ecological restoration, specification, ecosystem

中图分类号:

X171.4

胡雪红, 张立, 周炎武, 何伟宏. 我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范的现状与分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2020, 39(6): 131-139.

HU Xuehong, ZHANG Li, ZHOU Yanwu, HE Weihong. Present situation and analysis of standards for coastal wetland ecological restoration in China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(6): 131-139.

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湿地类型	规范数量
综合类	38
浅海水域	41
红树林	15
滩涂	11
盐沼	5
海草床	2
珊瑚礁	1

修复任务	规范数量
调查监测	22
现状评估	13
修复技术	66
效果评估	5
后期管理	0