南海东北部陆缘浊流活动的地貌记录及其形成机制分析

doi:10.11978/2020022

热带海洋学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 111-121.doi: 10.11978/2020022CSTR: 32234.14.2020022

南海东北部陆缘浊流活动的地貌记录及其形成机制分析

李爽^1,²(), 李伟^1,²(), 詹文欢^1,²

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 南海海洋研究所, 南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 广东广州 510301
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-02-26 修回日期:2020-05-24 出版日期:2021-01-10 发布日期:2020-06-11
通讯作者: 李伟
作者简介:李爽(1995—), 男, 江苏省江阴市人, 博士研究生, 海洋地质专业, 主要从事海底地貌与深水沉积动力研究。email: lishuang@.scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院“百人计划”项目(Y8YB011001)

Geomorphological records of turbidity current activity in the northeastern margin of the South China Sea and analysis of triggering mechanism

LI Shuang^1,²(), LI Wei^1,²(), ZHAN Wenhuan^1,²

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-02-26 Revised:2020-05-24 Online:2021-01-10 Published:2020-06-11
Contact: LI Wei
Supported by:
Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y8YB011001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超临界浊流影响下的周期阶坎广泛分布在南海东北部台西南盆地的西澎湖峡谷中。由于频繁的构造活动, 常年的台风影响, 以及来自中国台湾河流的大量沉积物供给, 导致这个区域的浊流活动经常发生。本文利用高分辨率的地貌资料, 对西澎湖峡谷发育的23个净侵蚀周期阶坎和10个净沉积周期阶坎进行了形态的定量分析, 并且统计了流经这些周期阶坎的浊流流速。结果显示, 浊流在流经净侵蚀周期阶坎过程中的速度有明显突变, 而在净侵蚀到净沉积周期阶坎的过程中速度也发生了明显的降低, 前者由峡谷中的坡折带导致, 后者则是由限制性环境到非限制性环境的转变造成的。此外, 净沉积周期阶坎主要分布于靠近峡谷口外的西南侧, 这是由于科氏力对浊流影响的结果。研究此区域周期阶坎的形态特征和形成机制能够帮助我们更好地理解海底地形地貌与浊流的相互关系, 对于理解峡谷中的地貌演化具有重要意义。

关键词: 超临界浊流, 周期阶坎, 地貌记录, 南海

Abstract:

Cyclic steps caused by supercritical turbidity currents are distributed widely along the West Penghu Canyon in the Taixinan Basin of the northeastern South China Sea. Turbidity currents occur frequently in this area due to high tectonic activities, marine factors such as typhoon and delivery of large sediments from rivers. Using high-resolution bathymetric data, we conduct quantitative analysis on the morphology of 23 net-erosional cyclic steps and 10 net-depositional cyclic steps along the West Penghu Canyon, and compute flow velocity of turbidity currents flowing through these cyclic steps. We find that the flow velocity of turbidity currents has an abrupt change in the transition of net-erosional cyclic steps, while the velocity decreases significantly in the transition from net-erosional to net-depositional cyclic steps. The former is mainly caused by the slope break in the canyon, while the latter is caused by the change from confined to unconfined environment. In addition, the net-depositional cyclic steps are located closer to the southwestern flank of the West Penghu Canyon; and we propose that this phenomenon should be mainly caused by turbidity currents affected by the Coriolis force. Investigating the evolution and controlling factors of cyclic steps in this area can help us better understand the interaction of submarine bedforms and turbidity currents, which plays a significant role in the geomorphological evolution along submarine canyons.

Key words: supercritical turbidity current, cyclic step, geomorphological record, South China Sea

中图分类号:

P737.2

李爽, 李伟, 詹文欢. 南海东北部陆缘浊流活动的地貌记录及其形成机制分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(1): 111-121.

LI Shuang, LI Wei, ZHAN Wenhuan. Geomorphological records of turbidity current activity in the northeastern margin of the South China Sea and analysis of triggering mechanism[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(1): 111-121.

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	H₁/m	W₁/m	H₃/m	W₃/m	α/°	β/°	θ/°	L_step/m	H_step/m	Ay
S1	463	6980	445	6737	1.24	1.26	0.89	2611	48	0.18
S2	362	7022	354	6573	1.18	3.85	2.71	1729	90	0.27
S3	421	6508	323	6871	2.36	2.69	1.07	2730	87	0.45
S4	359	7070	334	6732	1.28	6.41	3.14	2267	146	0.49
S5	376	7031	332	6997	2.64	3.13	1.43	1825	70	0.43
S6	378	7225	310	7609	1.78	1.88	0.35	1565	24	1.29
S7	325	7179	300	7161	0.85	3.40	2.43	2350	108	0.28
S8	315	8031	297	8202	0.64	4.58	1.60	1347	47	1.17
S9	355	7884	316	8191	1.17	1.30	0.34	2309	32	0.67
S10	325	8357	283	8692	1.25	6.05	2.06	1514	75	1.04
S11	350	8855	321	9291	2.00	1.82	0.60	3311	70	0.44
S12	290	9132	263	9135	0.24	2.21	1.61	1609	47	0.49
S13	308	9225	275	9370	1.55	1.11	0.38	2425	34	0.41
S14	299	9501	275	9519	0.95	1.19	0.56	2731	40	0.52
S15	267	9538	212	9978	1.90	2.69	0.99	2263	68	0.45
S16	219	7013	202	7369	0.43	1.78	0.87	2821	51	0.71
S17	200	7327	182	7523	0.65	1.87	0.91	2059	44	0.82
S18	219	7740	198	8161	0.42	1.15	0.38	1616	17	0.96
S19	110	6189	38	6349	0.90	2.89	0.63	3486	71	1.45
S20	93	5592	20	5529	1.17	1.98	0.46	4730	93	0.99
S21	98	5995	19	6317	1.34	1.62	0.33	3258	46	2.03
S22	47	4108	32	5077	1.09	3.16	1.36	2478	79	0.78
S23	101	4195	39	5007	1.53	2.46	2.30	1479	30	1.45
误差	±0.08	±0.02	±0.11	±0.02	±0.10	±0.12	±0.18	±0.05	±0.18	±0.10

	H₁/m	W₁/m	H₃/m	W₃/m	α/°	β/°	θ/°	L_step/m	H_step/m	Ay
S1	463	6980	445	6737	1.24	1.26	0.89	2611	48	0.18
S2	362	7022	354	6573	1.18	3.85	2.71	1729	90	0.27
S3	421	6508	323	6871	2.36	2.69	1.07	2730	87	0.45
S4	359	7070	334	6732	1.28	6.41	3.14	2267	146	0.49
S5	376	7031	332	6997	2.64	3.13	1.43	1825	70	0.43
S6	378	7225	310	7609	1.78	1.88	0.35	1565	24	1.29
S7	325	7179	300	7161	0.85	3.40	2.43	2350	108	0.28
S8	315	8031	297	8202	0.64	4.58	1.60	1347	47	1.17
S9	355	7884	316	8191	1.17	1.30	0.34	2309	32	0.67
S10	325	8357	283	8692	1.25	6.05	2.06	1514	75	1.04
S11	350	8855	321	9291	2.00	1.82	0.60	3311	70	0.44
S12	290	9132	263	9135	0.24	2.21	1.61	1609	47	0.49
S13	308	9225	275	9370	1.55	1.11	0.38	2425	34	0.41
S14	299	9501	275	9519	0.95	1.19	0.56	2731	40	0.52
S15	267	9538	212	9978	1.90	2.69	0.99	2263	68	0.45
S16	219	7013	202	7369	0.43	1.78	0.87	2821	51	0.71
S17	200	7327	182	7523	0.65	1.87	0.91	2059	44	0.82
S18	219	7740	198	8161	0.42	1.15	0.38	1616	17	0.96
S19	110	6189	38	6349	0.90	2.89	0.63	3486	71	1.45
S20	93	5592	20	5529	1.17	1.98	0.46	4730	93	0.99
S21	98	5995	19	6317	1.34	1.62	0.33	3258	46	2.03
S22	47	4108	32	5077	1.09	3.16	1.36	2478	79	0.78
S23	101	4195	39	5007	1.53	2.46	2.30	1479	30	1.45
误差	±0.08	±0.02	±0.11	±0.02	±0.10	±0.12	±0.18	±0.05	±0.18	±0.10

	α/°	β/°	θ/°	L_stoss/m	L_lee/m	L_step/m	H_step/m	Ay
W1	1.01	1.74	0.61	876	603	2248	36	1.06
W2	0.99	2.74	0.82	1158	1090	2228	43	0.82
W3	0.72	1.62	0.72	1002	1226	2647	55	0.85
W4	2.19	2.83	0.36	1216	1431	1905	65	0.75
W5	0.97	1.32	0.70	815	1090	2602	45	0.47
W6	1.56	2.24	0.95	826	1776	2962	78	0.81
W7	0.74	1.49	0.49	1330	1632	3387	58	0.79
W8	0.29	4.43	1.08	1490	1897	1951	73	0.80
W9	2.26	3.81	1.73	869	1082	3104	94	1.19
W10	1.58	3.80	1.03	1685	1419	2323	84	0.72
误差	±0.11	±0.08	±0.08	±0.03	±0.02	±0.02	±0.02	±0.04

	α/°	β/°	θ/°	L_stoss/m	L_lee/m	L_step/m	H_step/m	Ay
W1	1.01	1.74	0.61	876	603	2248	36	1.06
W2	0.99	2.74	0.82	1158	1090	2228	43	0.82
W3	0.72	1.62	0.72	1002	1226	2647	55	0.85
W4	2.19	2.83	0.36	1216	1431	1905	65	0.75
W5	0.97	1.32	0.70	815	1090	2602	45	0.47
W6	1.56	2.24	0.95	826	1776	2962	78	0.81
W7	0.74	1.49	0.49	1330	1632	3387	58	0.79
W8	0.29	4.43	1.08	1490	1897	1951	73	0.80
W9	2.26	3.81	1.73	869	1082	3104	94	1.19
W10	1.58	3.80	1.03	1685	1419	2323	84	0.72
误差	±0.11	±0.08	±0.08	±0.03	±0.02	±0.02	±0.02	±0.04

南海东北部陆缘浊流活动的地貌记录及其形成机制分析

Geomorphological records of turbidity current activity in the northeastern margin of the South China Sea and analysis of triggering mechanism

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