华南沿海潟湖反硝化微生物活性与群落特征分析

doi:10.11978/2025031

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 108-119.doi: 10.11978/2025031CSTR: 32234.14.2025031

华南沿海潟湖反硝化微生物活性与群落特征分析

容清¹(), 冼汉标², 董旭辉², 叶飞¹, 吴佳鹏¹, 王雨¹(), 李佳慧³, 洪义国¹

¹ 广州大学大湾区环境研究院, 广东广州 510007
² 广州大学地理科学与遥感学院, 广东广州 510006
³ 陆军特种作战学院, 广西桂林 541000

收稿日期:2025-02-25 修回日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-12-03
通讯作者: 王雨。email: wangyu@gzhu.edu.cn
作者简介:
容清, 硕士研究生, 从事潟湖氮循环研究。email: 1808686452@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42476144); 广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2023A1515011747); 广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2025A1515010828)

Denitrifying microbial activity and community characteristics in coastal lagoons of South China

RONG Qing¹(), XIAN Hanbiao², DONG Xuhui², YE Fei¹, WU Jiapeng¹, WANG Yu¹(), LI Jiahui³, HONG Yiguo¹

¹ Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510007, China
² School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
³ PLA Army Academy of Special Operations, Guilin 541000, China

Received:2025-02-25 Revised:2025-04-03 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-12-03
Contact: WANG Yu. email: wangyu@gzhu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42476144); General Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011747); General Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515010828)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

潟湖是沉积物参与反硝化的重要场所, 但目前对潟湖反硝化的研究还存在诸多空白。本研究旨在探讨华南沿海潟湖中反硝化微生物的活性及其群落影响因素, 以揭示潟湖生态系统中氮循环的关键机制。研究选取了华南地区三个典型线形潟湖, 通过测定水体和沉积物的理化参数, 结合反硝化速率和宏基因组测序数据, 分析了三种反硝化功能基因(nirK、nirS、nosZ)群落组成及其环境影响因素。结果表明, 华南潟湖沉积物的反硝化速率显著低于海洋沉积物平均水平, 主要受限于沉积物中低营养盐浓度、较高的水体透明度和有限的水体交换能力。三种反硝化功能基因群落中nirK基因的丰度和多样性显著低于nirS和nosZ, 各潟湖中基因丰度及多样性与距潟湖入口距离未呈现一致的变化规律。不同潟湖中, nirK、nirS、nosZ的群落组成存在显著差异, 目水平上的优势物种分别为Nitrosopumilales、Oceanospirillales和Flavobacteriales, 主要群落组成与海洋环境中的反硝化微生物更加接近。水体透明度、pH、氨氮浓度是调控三种反硝化功能基因群落组成的关键环境因子。nirS群落更多受到沉积物理化参数影响, 而nirK群落更多地受到水体理化参数影响。nirS和nosZ群落受相同环境因子的影响更多, 包括水体透明度、沉积物亚硝酸盐和总氮总磷浓度。本研究为认识潟湖生态系统的反硝化功能与微生物群落组成提供了数据支撑, 并为潟湖的保护和管理提供了依据。

关键词: 潟湖, 反硝化, 群落特征, 基因丰度, 营养盐浓度

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the activity of denitrifying microorganisms and the factors influencing their community composition in the coastal lagoons of South China, with the aim of elucidating key mechanisms governing the nitrogen cycle in lagoon ecosystems. Three representative lagoons in South China were selected for this research. By measuring the physicochemical parameters of water and sediment, combined with denitrification rates and metagenomic sequencing data, we analyzed the community composition of three denitrifying functional genes (nirK, nirS, nosZ) and their correlations with environmental factors. The results indicated that the denitrification rate in South China lagoons was significantly lower than marine sediment averages, primarily due to low nutrient concentration, high water transparency, and limited water exchange capacity. Notably, the abundance and diversity of nirK genes within the three denitrification functional gene communities were significantly lower than those of nirS and nosZ, suggesting that nirK was more susceptible to environmental variations. Significant differences were observed in the community composition of nirK, nirS and nosZ among different lagoons. At the order level, the dominant species were Nitrosopumilales, Oceanospirillales and Flavobacteriales, respectively, with the main community composition closely resembling that of denitrifying microorganisms in the marine environment. Water transparency, pH and $\text{NH}_{4}^{+}$ concentration were identified as the key environmental factors regulating the composition of the three denitrification functional gene communities. Specifically, the nirS community was more influenced by sediment physicochemical parameters, while the nirK community was more affected by water physicochemical parameters. Additionally, the nirS and nosZ communities were similarly impacted by the same environmental factors, indicating a stronger synergistic effect in the denitrification process. This study provides valuable data to enhance our understanding of denitrification functions and microbial communities in lagoon ecosystems, thereby laying a foundation for their protection and management.

Key words: lagoon, denitrification, community characteristics, gene abundance, nutrient concentration

中图分类号:

P744.2

容清, 冼汉标, 董旭辉, 叶飞, 吴佳鹏, 王雨, 李佳慧, 洪义国. 华南沿海潟湖反硝化微生物活性与群落特征分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(6): 108-119.

RONG Qing, XIAN Hanbiao, DONG Xuhui, YE Fei, WU Jiapeng, WANG Yu, LI Jiahui, HONG Yiguo. Denitrifying microbial activity and community characteristics in coastal lagoons of South China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(6): 108-119.

图/表 7

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潟湖	理化参数
潟湖	S	SD	T	pH	W-$\text{NO}_{3}^{-}$	W-$\text{NH}_{4}^{+}$	W-DIN	W-TN	S-$\text{NH}_{4}^{+}$	S-$\text{NO}_{2}^{-}$	S-DIN	S-TP
DS	-1.000**	/	1.000**	-1.000**	-0.767*	/	0.843**	-0.949**	0.369	0.847**	0.369	-0.525
JH	-0.500	-1.000**	1.000**	-1.000**	-0.685*	0.738*	0.738*	-0.791*	0.474	-0.791*	0.474	-0.482
NSH	-1.000**	-1.000**	-0.429	-1.000**	0.201	-0.891*	0.497	0.891*	-0.754*	-0.088	-0.715*	0.717*
所有潟湖	-0.369	-0.370	0.158	-0.527**	0.407*	0.069	0.350	-0.476*	-0.070	-0.166	-0.035	0.082

华南沿海潟湖反硝化微生物活性与群落特征分析

Denitrifying microbial activity and community characteristics in coastal lagoons of South China

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