Journal of Tropical Oceanography ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 62-74.doi: 10.11978/2021015CSTR: 32234.14.2021015
• Marine Hydrology • Previous Articles Next Articles
Bottom turbulent mixing of continental slope - deep sea basin in northeastern South China Sea based on high-resolution temperature observation
LI Yang1,5(
), HUANG Pengqi1,5, LU Yuanzheng1,2, QU Ling1,2, GUO Shuangxi1,2,4,5, CEN Xianrong1,2, ZHOU Shengqi1,2,4,5(), ZHANG Jiazheng2,3, QIU Xuelin2,3,5
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
3. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China
4. Institute of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
-
Received:2021-02-05Revised:2021-04-13Online:2022-01-10Published:2021-04-16 -
Contact:ZHOU Shengqi E-mail:liyang18@mails.ucas.ac.cn;sqzhou@scsio.ac.cn -
Supported by:National Natural Science Foundation of China(91952106);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776033);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42006196);Science and Technology Foundation of Guangzhou(201904010312);Science and Technology Foundation of Guangzhou(201804020056)
CLC Number:
- P731.26
Cite this article
LI Yang, HUANG Pengqi, LU Yuanzheng, QU Ling, GUO Shuangxi, CEN Xianrong, ZHOU Shengqi, ZHANG Jiazheng, QIU Xuelin. Bottom turbulent mixing of continental slope - deep sea basin in northeastern South China Sea based on high-resolution temperature observation[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(1): 62-74.
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Tab. 1
Detailed information of each station"
| 站位 | 东经 | 北纬 | 深度 /m | 测试 时长/d | 地形粗 糙度/m2 | 温度梯度 /(℃∙m-1) | 浮力频率 /(rad∙s-1) | 底混合层厚度1/m | 底混合层厚度2/m | 湍动能耗散率中值/(m2∙s-3) | 涡扩散系数中值/(m2∙s-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 118°43′12″ | 19°40′48″ | 3201 | 3.24 | 6390 | 5.36×10-5 | 2.67×10-4 | 4 | 8 | 2.80×10-9 | 7.90×10-3 | ||||
| 2-1 | 118°43′48″ | 19°46′48″ | 3172 | 3.32 | 236 | 5.59×10-5 | 2.74×10-4 | 8 | 45 | 2.93×10-10 | 7.82×10-4 | ||||
| 2-2 | 118°43′48″ | 19°46′48″ | 3172 | 3.32 | 236 | 5.59×10-5 | 2.74×10-4 | 8 | 40 | 6.99×10-10 | 1.90×10-3 | ||||
| 3 | 118°45′0″ | 19°53′24″ | 3173 | 3.39 | 277 | 5.58×10-5 | 2.73×10-4 | 68 | 68 | 1.89×10-10 | 5.04×10-4 | ||||
| 4 | 118°45′36″ | 20°0′0″ | 3085 | 3.47 | 4970 | 6.33×10-5 | 2.95×10-4 | 63 | 40 | 1.80×10-10 | 4.14×10-4 | ||||
| 5-1 | 118°48′0″ | 20°12′36″ | 2801 | 3.62 | 653 | 9.55×10-5 | 3.79×10-4 | 151 | 21 | 1.96×10-10 | 2.72×10-4 | ||||
| 5-2 | 118°48′0″ | 20°12′36″ | 2801 | 3.62 | 653 | 9.55×10-5 | 3.79×10-4 | 151 | 21 | 4.55×10-10 | 6.32×10-4 | ||||
| 6 | 118°48′36″ | 20°19′12″ | 2725 | 3.69 | 1910 | 1.07×10-4 | 4.06×10-4 | 85 | 35 | 1.88×10-10 | 2.29×10-4 | ||||
| 7-1 | 118°49′48″ | 20°25′12″ | 2659 | 3.78 | 736 | 1.17×10-4 | 4.30×10-4 | 6 | 53 | 2.10×10-10 | 2.27×10-4 | ||||
| 7-2 | 118°49′48″ | 20°25′12″ | 2659 | 3.78 | 736 | 1.17×10-4 | 4.30×10-4 | 6 | 60 | 2.76×10-10 | 2.99×10-4 | ||||
| 8 | 118°51′36″ | 20°38′24″ | 2591 | 4.04 | 105 | 1.29×10-4 | 4.57×10-4 | 4 | 91 | 1.58×10-9 | 1.50×10-3 | ||||
| 9-1 | 118°52′48″ | 20°44′24″ | 2636 | 4.11 | 2150 | 1.21×10-4 | 4.39×10-4 | 8 | 30 | 5.36×10-10 | 5.57×10-4 | ||||
| 9-2 | 118°52′48″ | 20°44′24″ | 2636 | 4.11 | 2150 | 1.21×10-4 | 4.39×10-4 | 8 | 25 | 5.69×10-10 | 5.91×10-4 | ||||
| 10 | 118°53′24″ | 20°51′0″ | 2677 | 4.18 | 2260 | 1.14×10-4 | 4.23×10-4 | 27 | 40 | 2.86×10-10 | 3.19×10-4 | ||||
| 11-1 | 118°54′36″ | 20°57′36″ | 2706 | 4.26 | 100 | 1.10×10-4 | 4.13×10-4 | 29 | 30 | 3.95×10-10 | 4.64×10-4 | ||||
| 11-2 | 118°54′36″ | 20°57′36″ | 2706 | 4.26 | 100 | 1.10×10-4 | 4.13×10-4 | 30 | 35 | 3.88×10-10 | 4.56×10-4 | ||||
| 12 | 118°55′12″ | 21°4′12″ | 2735 | 4.33 | 392 | 1.05×10-4 | 4.02×10-4 | 30 | 80 | 5.32×10-10 | 6.58×10-4 | ||||
| 13-1 | 118°55′48″ | 21°6′36″ | 2752 | 4.38 | 62 | 1.02×10-4 | 3.96×10-4 | 32 | 69 | 1.90×10-10 | 2.42×10-4 | ||||
| 13-2 | 118°55′48″ | 21°6′36″ | 2752 | 4.38 | 62 | 1.02×10-4 | 3.96×10-4 | 32 | 70 | 3.18×10-10 | 4.06×10-4 | ||||
| 14-1 | 118°56′24″ | 21°9′0″ | 2775 | 5.53 | 624 | 9.92×10-5 | 3.88×10-4 | 25 | 75 | 5.68×10-10 | 7.54×10-4 | ||||
| 14-2 | 118°56′24″ | 21°9′0″ | 2775 | 5.53 | 624 | 9.92×10-5 | 3.88×10-4 | 40 | 75 | 7.47×10-10 | 9.91×10-4 | ||||
| 15 | 118°57′0″ | 21°14′24″ | 2831 | 4.52 | 99 | 9.15×10-5 | 3.70×10-4 | 80 | 41 | 2.64×10-10 | 3.87×10-4 | ||||
| 16 | 118°58′12″ | 21°19′48″ | 2847 | 4.65 | 1010 | 8.94×10-5 | 3.64×10-4 | 37 | 0 | 6.81×10-10 | 1.00×10-3 | ||||
| 17 | 118°58′12″ | 21°22′48″ | 2818 | 4.69 | 3480 | 9.32×10-5 | 3.74×10-4 | 78 | 53 | 1.27×10-10 | 1.84×10-4 | ||||
| 18 | 118°59′24″ | 21°30′36″ | 2666 | 5.17 | 800 | 1.16×10-4 | 4.27×10-4 | 10 | 70 | 2.99×10-10 | 3.27×10-4 | ||||
| 19-1 | 119°0′0″ | 21°33′0″ | 2613 | 5.21 | 1000 | 1.25×10-4 | 4.48×10-4 | 80 | 58 | 4.98×10-10 | 4.97×10-4 | ||||
| 19-2 | 119°0′0″ | 21°33′0″ | 2613 | 5.21 | 1000 | 1.25×10-4 | 4.48×10-4 | 93 | 58 | 1.82×10-10 | 1.81×10-4 | ||||
| 20-1 | 119°0′36″ | 21°36′0″ | 2556 | 5.53 | 1010 | 1.36×10-4 | 4.71×10-4 | 41 | 48 | 2.01×10-10 | 1.82×10-4 | ||||
| 20-2 | 119°0′36″ | 21°36′0″ | 2556 | 5.53 | 1010 | 1.36×10-4 | 4.71×10-4 | 41 | 48 | 2.40×10-10 | 2.16×10-4 | ||||
| 21-1 | 119°1′12″ | 21°42′36″ | 2403 | 5.32 | 643 | 1.70×10-4 | 5.39×10-4 | 4 | 35 | 6.87×10-10 | 4.74×10-4 | ||||
| 21-2 | 119°1′12″ | 21°42′36″ | 2403 | 5.32 | 643 | 1.70×10-4 | 5.39×10-4 | 6 | 42 | 6.63×10-10 | 4.57×10-4 | ||||
| 22-1 | 119°2′24″ | 21°48′36″ | 2216 | 5.39 | 359 | 2.22×10-4 | 6.35×10-4 | 15 | 12 | 9.23×10-10 | 4.57×10-4 | ||||
| 22-2 | 119°2′24″ | 21°48′36″ | 2216 | 5.39 | 359 | 2.22×10-4 | 6.35×10-4 | 15 | 12 | 8.89×10-10 | 4.40×10-4 | ||||
Tab. 1
Fig. 1
(a) The location of the OBS and CTD stations; (b) Regional bathymetric map indicated by the solid rectangle in the left panel; black dots are the OBS stations in 2019, and red pentagram are the CTD station in 2017"
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Comparison of vertical profiles obtained with the temperature loggers (gray) and historical CTD data (red): (a) in-situ temperature; (b) potential temperature; (c) potential density; (d) temperature gradient; (e) buoyancy frequency. The black dotted line in (d) and (e) is the fitting line"
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Time series of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and turbulent diffusion at station 2: (a) Ellison scale; (b) dissipation rate (black) and turbulent diffusivity (red)"
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Potential temperature profiles acquired in the deployment (black) and recovery (red) processes at each site: (a) stations 1~12; (b) stations 13~22"
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Spatial distribution of turbulent mixing and bottom temperature at each station: (a) median value of potential temperature and buoyancy frequency, the error bar represents the standard deviation of temperature; (b) turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and turbulent diffusivity; (c) topographic relief"
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Time series of bottom-water temperature at each station"
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Distributions of bottom temperature and turbulent mixing with depth: (a) standard deviation of temperature time series; (b) turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate; (c) turbulent diffusivity"
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (black) and turbulent diffusivity (red) at each station with different terrain roughness"
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Temperature variance spectra at stations 1, 4, 8, and 19 over the entire observational period in May 2019. Dashed lines denote durnal and semi-durnal tide frequencies"
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Time series of bottom temperature at stations 1 (black), 4 (blue), 8 (red), and 19 (gray) in 2019: (a) bottom potential temperature; (b) turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate; (c) barotropic tidal elevation predicted from TPXO 8.0"
Fig. 10
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