近165年来中沙环礁中北暗沙滨珊瑚生长率及其对海温变化的响应

doi:10.11978/2021159

Abstract

Abstract:

Coral growth is essential for maintaining the coral reef ecosystem and coral reef development. Seawater temperature is one of the key environmental factors to control coral growth. With global warming, the persistent rise of seawater temperature has become a global threat to coral growth. Coral reefs are widely distributed in the South China Sea (SCS), and there is a significant regional difference in coral growth in the SCS. The Zhongsha Atoll, located in the central SCS, is the largest atoll in the SCS. The coral community is well developed, but little is known about the history of coral growth in this reef area. In 2020, we drilled a core sample of coral Porites lutea at water depth of ~16 m at the Zhongbei Ansha of the Zhongsha Atoll. The sample growth rate was analyzed which revealed a 165-year growth history of the coral Porites and its changing pattern at the Zhongbei Ansha. Compared with growth rate of the coral Porites at the Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands, the regional difference of coral growth in the middle part of the SCS and their response to the rise of the sea surface temperature (SST) was discussed. The average SST is about (27.4 ± 0.37) ℃ and (27.09 ± 0.36) ℃, respectively, at the Zhongbei Ansha and the Yongxing Island during the past over a hundred years. SST shows a linearly rising trend at both the two reef areas with a similar rate of about 0.43 ℃·ha^-1. The average growth rate of coral Porites is about (0.70 ± 0.16) cm·a^-1 and (1.19 ± 0.16) cm·a^-1 respectively at the Zhongbei Ansha and the Yongxing Island during the past over a hundred years. The growth rate has a linearly declining trend with a rate of about 9.4 %·ha^-1 at the Zhongbei Ansha in the same period, while the growth rate has increased linearly by 10.9 %·ha^-1 at the Yongxing Island. In addition, there are interdecadal fluctuations in growth rate in both two areas in the past over a hundred years, approximately corresponding to the interdecadal fluctuations in SST. A nonlinear responding relationship is found between the growth rate of coral Porites and SST within the linear trends at the two areas during the past over a hundred years, and there is an optimum temperature of about 27.25 ℃ for the growth of coral Porites. Moreover, a linear positive correlation exists in the interdecadal fluctuations between growth rate and SST. In the past over a hundred years, seawater warming has exceeded the appropriate temperature range for the growth of coral Porites at the Zhongbei Ansha, limiting the growth trend of coral Porites. At the Yongxing Island, however, the seawater temperature is still suitable for the growth of coral Porites. And then the interdecadal rise of the seawater temperature is conducive to the growth of coral Porites at both areas. Under the condition of continuous seawater warming in the SCS in the future, the declining trend in coral growth will be further aggravated at the Zhongbei Ansha, which will seriously threaten the maintenance and development of the coral reef ecosystem at the Zhongsha Atoll.

Key words: Zhongsha Atoll, Zhongbei Ansha, coral Porites, growth rate, seawater warming

CLC Number:

P735.121

LIU Xiaoju, SHI Qi, TAO Shichen, YANG Hongqiang, ZHANG Xiyang, ZHOU Shengnan. The growth rate of coral Porites at the Zhongbei Ansha of the Zhongsha Atoll and its response to the seawater temperature change in the past 165 Years[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(5): 64-73.

Figures/Tables 5

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The growth rate of coral Porites at the Zhongbei Ansha of the Zhongsha Atoll and its response to the seawater temperature change in the past 165 Years

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