近60年来极端天气影响下南流江入海水沙变化

doi:10.11978/2022176

Abstract

Abstract:

The change of river inflow sediment is an important content in the study of estuarine delta evolution. Against the backdrop of increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather caused by global warming, it is of great practical significance to study the variability of sediment fluxes in rivers entering the sea under the influence of extreme weather for understanding the environmental evolution of estuarine deltas. This paper takes the Nanliu River, a small and medium-sized river flowing into the sea, as an example. Based on the measured data of water, sediment and floods from 1966 to 2020, the variation coefficient of variation and mathematical statistics are used to analyze the variation law of water and sediment under the influence of extreme weather. The research results show that: 1) the multi-year average daily flow during the transit of tropical cyclones is 7.72×10² m³·s^-1, which is 4.73 times that of normal weather of 1.63×10² m³·s^-1. The multi-year average of the average daily sediment transport of tropical cyclones was 2.55×10⁴ t, which is 13.42 times that of 0.19×10⁴ t in normal weather. During the tropical cyclone, the amount of sediment entering the sea is large, and it has the characteristics of "rich water and sand"; 2) the multi-year average daily flow and sediment load during the flood period were 8.53×10² m³·s^-1 and 3.07×10⁴ t, respectively, which were the average daily flow (1.56×10² m³·s^-1) and sediment load (0.17×10⁴ t) 5.46 times and 18.18 times. During floods, the greater the amount of incoming sediment, the greater the flux of sediment into the sea, showing the typical feature of “more incoming and more transportation”; 3) extreme weather has an important contribution to the sediment flux of the Nanliu River into the sea. The multi-year average contribution rates of tropical cyclones to runoff and sediment transport were 6.78%and 19.31%, respectively, while the multi-year average contribution rates of floods to runoff and sediment transport were 14.33%and 36.21%, respectively.

Key words: tropical cyclones, flood, changes in water and sediment, contribution rate

YANG Xialing, LI Shushi, XU Shanshan, YU Chongxi, PAN Jie. Variations in water and sediments of the Nanliu River flowing into the sea under the influence of extreme weather in the past 60 years[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 91-103.

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极端天气类型	年份
热带气旋年	1966、1976、1978、1980、1982、1984、2001、2002、2003、2006、2008、2010、
热带气旋年	2011、2012、2013、2014、2015、2016、2017、2018、2019、2020
洪水年	1966、1967、1969、1970、1971、1976、1979、1981、1985、1994、1995、1997、
洪水年	2002、2006、2012、2013、2015、2017、2018、2019、2020

年份	编号	名称	热带气旋等级	中心最大风力/级	中心附近最大风速/(m·s^-1)
1966	6608	婀拉	强热带风暴	11	30
1976	7619	艾瑞丝	强热带风暴	10	25
1978	7813	艾琳	强热带风暴	10	25
1978	7820	罗拉	强热带风暴	10	25
1980	8008	乔伊	强热带风暴	11	30
1982	8219	欧文	台风	13	40
1984	8402	魏恩	强热带风暴	11	30
1984	8411	艾克	强热带风暴	11	30
2001	0103	榴莲	强热带风暴	10	28
2002	0214	黄蜂	热带风暴	9	23
2003	0308	伊布都	强热带风暴	11	30
2006	0606	派比安	热带风暴	8	20
2008	0809	北冕	热带风暴	8	20
2008	0814	黑格比	强热带风暴	11	30
2010	1003	灿都	强热带风暴	10	25
2011	1117	纳沙	台风	12	33
2012	1223	山神	热带低压	7	15
2013	1311	尤特	强台风	14	42
2013	1330	海燕	台风	12	33
2014	1409	威马逊	强台风	15	50
2015	1522	彩虹	台风	12	33
2016	1621	莎莉嘉	强热带风暴	10	25
2017	1713	天鸽	强热带风暴	10	25
2018	1822	山竹	台风	12	33
2019	1907	韦帕	热带风暴	9	23
2019	1911	白鹿	热带低压	7	14
2020	2002	鹦鹉	热带低压	7	16
2020	2007	海高斯	热带风暴	8	20

Variations in water and sediments of the Nanliu River flowing into the sea under the influence of extreme weather in the past 60 years

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