西沙永乐环礁造礁石珊瑚共生体对低光环境的生理响应

doi:10.11978/2023092

Abstract

Abstract:

Light is one of the most important factors influencing the growth and distribution of reef corals, but the physiological response and adaptability of reef corals to low light is not well understood. In this study, we used an in-situ shading experiment with three typical coral species (Pocillopora verrucosa, Porites lutea and Dipsastraea matthaii) to test how physiological response of corals under light limitation. The experiment site is located at the depth of 10 meters of the Yongle atoll, in which the irradiance in the shaded area was reduced by 80%~90%, and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) ranges from 20.2 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1to 41.5 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1. The results showed that the physiological parameters of three corals changed significantly under light limitation. During 7-day experiments, the effective photosynthetic efficiency (Φ_PSII) of the three corals increased, while the maximum electron transport rate (r-ETR_max) and the minimum saturating irradiance (E_k) decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the zooxanthellae density (except Dipsastraea matthaii), chlorophyll a content, tissue thickness and tissue biomass of the three corals decreased in diverse degrees, with the most severe reduction found in Porites lutea that the zooxanthellae density and tissue biomass decreased by 14.2%and 32.9%, respectively. These results suggest that the reef corals adapt to shading by improving their effective photosynthetic efficiency in short-term light limitation, but the energy transformed by photosynthesis could not meet the metabolic needs of coral growth, thus coral tissue biomass and tissue thickness decrease.

Key words: scleractinia coral, light limitation, photo-physiology, Yongle Atoll

WANG Yongzhi, XU Lijia, HUANG Baiqiang, YANG Tianjian, QI Shibin, CHEN Hui, YANG Jing. Physiological responses to light limitation of reef-building corals in the Yongle Atoll of the Xisha Islands[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 31-39.

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环境因子	平均值±标准差
SST/℃	25.7±0.2
盐度/‰	33.68±0.28
pH	8.11±0.01
溶解氧含量/(mg·L^-1)	6.56±0.17
叶绿素 a含量/(μg·L^-1)	0.18±0.04
无机氮含量/(μmol·L^-1)	1.46±0.31
无机磷含量/(μmol·L^-1)	0.05±0.01

荧光参数	计算公式	意义
F₀		初始荧光, 即在暗适应状态下当 PSII 的所有反应中心处于完全开放状态并且所有的非光化学过程处于最小时的荧光产量
F₀’		光适应状态下的初始荧光
F_m		最大荧光, 即在暗适应状态下当 PSII 的所有反应中心处于完全关闭状态并且所有的非光化学过程处于最大时的荧光产量
F_m’		光适应状态下的最大荧光
F_t		任意时间实际荧光产量
Φ_PSII	(F_m’-F_t)/F_m’	PSII 的实际光量子产量, 反映造礁石珊瑚实时的光合速率
q_P	(F_m’-F_t) /(F_m’-F₀’)	光化学淬灭系数, 即激发能被开放的反应中心捕获并转化为化学能而导致的荧光淬灭, 反映了光适应状态下造礁石珊瑚的光能利用转化能力
NPQ	(F_m - F_m’)/ F_m’	非光化学淬灭系数, 即激发能以热能形式耗散而导致的荧光淬灭, 反映光适应状态下造礁石珊瑚在光能利用中热耗散能量的比例
Y(NPQ)	F_t/ F_m’- F_t/ F_m	调节性能量耗散量子产量, 反映造礁石珊瑚在光适应状态下光合过程中非利用光能自我调节性耗散的比例
Y(NO)	F/ F_m	非调节性能量耗散量子产量, 反映造礁石珊瑚在光适应状态下的光损伤情况
r-ETR_max	通过LC曲线拟合获取	最大电子传递速率, 反映造礁石珊瑚在饱和光强下的光能利用能力
E_k	r-ETR_max/LC曲线初始斜率	饱和辐射光强, 反映造礁石珊瑚能够有效利用的最大光照强度

Physiological responses to light limitation of reef-building corals in the Yongle Atoll of the Xisha Islands

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