中国海域双锥芋螺属Conasprella (Gastropoda, Conidae)近似种的比较研究

doi:10.11978/2024165

Abstract

Abstract:

To distinguish related species of conasprella cones in Chinese waters, we compared the morphological differences among Conasprella orbignyi (Audouin, 1831), Conasprella ichinoseana (Kuroda, 1956), Conasprella comatosa (Pilsbry, 1904), Conasprella hopwoodi (Tomlin, 1936), Conasprella longurionis (Kiener, 1847) and Conus australis Holten, 1802. We also identified new distribution records for Conasprella hopwoodi and Conasprella longurionis in Chinese waters. Geometric morphometric methods were employed to analyze shell shape differences among these species. Principal component analysis (PCA) of shell outlines revealed distinct differences among Conasprella orbignyi, Conasprella longurionis, Conasprella hopwoodi, and Conus australis. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) demonstrated that the shell outlines effectively discriminate Conus australis and Conasprella orbignyi, with identification accuracy rates of 100.00% and 92.86%, respectively. PCA of spiral rib morphology on the body whorl of Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi indicated that the former exhibits a higher spire, wider body whorl, shorter base, and greater distances between spiral ribs, while the latter shows the opposite trends. CVA results indicated that body whorl landmarks effectively distinguish the two species, with accuracy rates of 87.50% for C. longurionis and 88.89% for C. hopwoodi. PCA of spire geometry revealed no significant separation between C. longurionis and C. hopwoodi, and CVA results aligned with those based on body whorl morphology. Similarly, PCA of aperture geometry showed no significant separation, and CVA yielded lower discrimination accuracy (62.50% and 77.78%, respectively), indicating that the aperture is not a reliable diagnostic feature for these species. This study provides a new supplementary method for identifying similar and easily confused species of conids.

Key words: taxonomy, Gastropoda, Conidae, Conasprella, geometric morphometry

CLC Number:

P735

HE Chen, WANG Jianing, CHEN Zhiyun, TAN Yehui. Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(4): 145-165.

Figures/Tables 24

Tab. 1

Conids specimens examined in this study"

物种	标本号	数量	采集地	采集人	采集时间
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC006351	1	汕尾遮浪	林碧萍	1980-12-19
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC008637	2	南海北部	晏磊	2016-09-09
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC008638	1	东海南部拖网	王洋	2017-12
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC008639	1	东海南部拖网	王洋	2017-12
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa	DH24070909	1	浙江东海120m水深拖网	何径	2010
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa	DH24070913	1	浙江东海120m水深拖网	何径	2010
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa	DH24070914	1	浙江东海120m水深拖网	何径	2010
龙王芋螺Conasprella ichinoseana	SCMSBC008640	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	南海所	2015-04
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC006413	1	汕尾遮浪	林碧萍	1980-12-19
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC008645	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	王洋	2018-03
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC008646	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	王洋	2018-03
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC008647	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	王洋	2018-03
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070901	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070902	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070903	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070904	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070905	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070906	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070907	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070908	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070909	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070911	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070912	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006302	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006314	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006315	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006323	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006325	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006326	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006327	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006331	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006367	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006368	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006369	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006334	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006335	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006343	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006348	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006354	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006355	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006359	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006360	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006361	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006362	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006364	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Tab. 2

Fig. 9

Fig. 11

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 14

Tab. 7

Tab. 8

Fig. 15

Tab. 9

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主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.0006444	48.917	48.917
2	0.0002237	16.981	65.898
3	0.0001458	11.069	76.967
4	0.0000740	5.615	82.582
5	0.0000427	3.245	85.827

主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.0478982	82.155	82.155
2	0.00512319	8.787	90.942
3	0.001751	3.003	93.946
4	0.00106792	1.832	95.777

初步鉴定结果	判别结果		合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
初步鉴定结果	郝伍德芋螺	柳斑芋螺	合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
郝伍德芋螺	8	1	9	88.89	88.19
柳斑芋螺	1	7	8	87.50	88.19

主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.001365	70.920	70.920
2	0.000256	13.273	84.193
3	0.000134	6.939	91.132
4	0.000078	4.050	95.182

初步鉴定结果	判别结果		合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
初步鉴定结果	郝伍德芋螺	柳斑芋螺	合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
郝伍德芋螺	8	1	9	88.89	88.19
柳斑芋螺	1	7	8	87.50	88.19

Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters

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初步鉴定结果	判别结果				合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
初步鉴定结果	郝伍德芋螺	柳斑芋螺	欧氏芋螺	南方芋螺	合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
郝伍德芋螺	7	4	0	0	11	63.64	82.87
柳斑芋螺	3	9	0	0	12	75.00
欧氏芋螺	0	1	13	0	14	92.86
南方芋螺	0	0	0	5	5	100.00

主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.000120845	32.701	32.701
2	0.0000693704	18.772	51.473
3	0.0000602704	16.309	67.782
4	0.0000291218	7.880	75.662
5	0.0000164304	4.446	80.108

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