海水螺旋藻生物质的综合利用工艺研究

doi:10.11978/2025063

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important economic microalga, the efficient extraction and comprehensive utilization of bioactive compounds from Spirulina are crucial for enhancing its value. This study investigated the effects of different extraction sequences on the extraction efficiency, characteristics and economic benefits of phycobiliproteins, lipids, and polysaccharides from Spirulina. Six sequential extraction protocols were designed by integrating low-temperature extraction (phycobiliprotein), 95% ethanol extraction (lipid) and hot water extraction (polysaccharide), including 1) phycobiliprotein-lipid-polysaccharide (PLS); 2) phycobiliprotein-polysaccharide-lipid (PSL); 3) polysaccharide-phycobiliprotein-lipid (SPL); 4) polysaccharide-lipid-phycobiliprotein (SLP); 5) lipid-phycobiliprotein-polysaccharide (LPS); and 6) lipid-polysaccharide-phycobiliprotein (LSP). The extraction efficiency and characteristics of bioactive compounds were evaluated using UV-Vis absorption spectra, three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, infrared spectra, fatty acid composition, and monosaccharide composition. The results showed that phycobiliproteins should be extracted preferentially (yield: 68.29% in PLS, 66.77% in PSL), while heating or ethanol pretreatment induced its denaturation (yield < 8%). The results of absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra show that the phycobiliprotein quality was better in the PLS and PSL groups. Lipid extraction efficiency varied significantly with extraction sequence (94.07% in LSP vs 66.76% in PSL), while the fatty acid composition remained stable. Polysaccharide extraction efficiency declined markedly after protein or lipid extraction (71.80% in SPL, 39.90% in LSP and 19.57% in PSL). Infrared spectroscopy showed that the polysaccharides in each group had stable structures and there was no significant difference in monosaccharide compositions. Residual biomass analysis revealed the highest protein content in LPS-treated microalgal residue (71.4% DW). Sequential extraction enabled the recovery of phycobiliproteins, lipids and polysaccharides, but the extraction order critically influenced both yields and quality. The PLS sequence achieved the maximum economic value (162 RMB·kg^-1), tripling the value of raw Spirulina powder (40 RMB·kg^-1). This study provides theoretical and technical foundations for the full-component valorization of Spirulina biomass.

Key words: Spirulina, comprehensive utilization of biomass, phycobiliproteins, lipids, polysaccharides

CLC Number:

P745.28

XU Bingqi, XIANG Wenzhou, WU Houbo, ZHAO Yanfei, QIN Haipeng, WEI Liang, GENG Yaqi, WU Hualian, XU Jin, LI Tao. A study on comprehensive utilization technology of seawater Spirulina biomass[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(2): 148-159.

Figures/Tables 14

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References 35

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种类	PLS	PSL	SPL	SLP	LPS	LSP
碳水化合物	20.4±0.5^b1	16.8±0.3^c1	21.9±0.1^a1b1	21.8±0.1^a1b1	20.8±0.5^b1	23.5±0.1^a1
岩藻糖	6.1±0.1^a2	4.7±0.1^b2	6.3±0.1^a2	6.2±0.1^a2	6.3±0.1^a2	6.3±0.0^a2
鼠李糖	4.7±0.1^a3	3.6±0.1^b3	4.9±0.2^a3	4.8±0.1^a3	4.8±0.0^a3	4.8±0.0^a3
葡萄糖	5.5±0.0^a4	4.2±0.1^b4	5.5±0.1^a4	5.6±0.0^a4	5.6±0.1^a4	5.7±0.2^a4
甘露糖	3.7±0.1^a5	2.7±0.0^b5	3.6±0.1^a5	3.5±0.1^a5	3.7±0.0^a5	3.7±0.1^a5
葡萄糖醛酸	1.8±0.2^b6	2.0±0.5^b6	2.7±0.9^a6	2.6±0.2^a6	2.0±0.1^b6	2.6±0.5^a6
蛋白质	36.0±0.0^a7b7	41.3±0.3^a7	29.1±2.0^b7	29.1±0.7^b7	28.9±1.4^b7	35.1±0.1^a7b7

		PLS	PSL	SPL	SLP	LPS	LSP
藻粉	价值	40.00
藻胆蛋白	理论产量	65.9±0.9
	实际产量	44.73±0.1	44.11±2.0	4.52±0.1	1.79±0.2	5.23±0.1	1.25±0.0
	单价	1900.00
	价值	84.99	83.81	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
螺旋藻油	理论产量	84.15±3.4
	产量	82.13±4.0	58.47±2.6	65.29±4.2	76.32±3.6	82.6±0.1	84.47±2.6
	单价	600.00
	价值	49.28	35.08	39.17	45.79	49.56	50.68
螺旋藻多糖	理论产量	169.65±0.6
	产量	27.81±0.6	33.21±1.7	121.81±13.5	110.94±2.3	27.48±1.4	67.69±3.5
	单价	900.00
	价值	25.03	29.89	109.63	99.85	24.73	60.92
藻渣	理论产量	680.3±4.25
	产量	261.00	220.00	346.00	372.00	322.00	412.00
	单价	10.00
	价值	2.61	2.20	3.46	3.72	3.22	4.12
产品总价值		161.90	150.98	152.26	149.36	77.51	115.72

A study on comprehensive utilization technology of seawater Spirulina biomass

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