南沙美济礁南科1井生物标志物组成分布特征及其环境指示*

doi:10.11978/2025224

Abstract

Abstract:

Coral reefs have developed extensively in the South China Sea, and their growth records preserve diverse information on marine climate and environmental changes, making them a crucial environmental archive. This study focuses on the Well NK-1 site on Meiji Atoll, systematically analyzing the composition and distribution of lipid biomarkers within coral reef carbonate rocks, with emphasis on the potential of short- and medium-chain C_14-18 fatty acids for reconstructing paleoproductivity and their environmental implications. The results indicate that these fatty acids exhibit high resistance to diagenesis and degradation, and are closely correlated with terrestrial nutrient input, surface-water productivity, and sea-level changes, thus serving as reliable proxies for reconstructing the paleoproductivity records of reef-building corals. Furthermore, aliphatic hydrocarbon assemblages with petroleum hydrocarbon signatures were identified in the 45-65 m and 95-110 m stratigraphic intervals. Integrating the regional tectonic setting and chronological data of Meiji Reef, these assemblages are inferred to be products of natural hydrocarbon seepage events during the Middle-Late Pleistocene, potentially triggered by the oblique arc-continent collision in the Taiwan region of China. This study reveals the environmental recording capacity of coral reef areas in the South China Sea, showing that they can respond to paleoproductivity on a millennial scale, while also providing new geochemical evidence for abrupt natural hydrocarbon seepage events.

Key words: Meiji Atoll, biomarkers, productivity indicators, southern South China Sea

CLC Number:

P734.43

ZHU Xiaowei, MO Ziyi, MAO Shengyi, TIAN Yuhang, LUO Yun, MIAO Li, XU Weihai, LI Gang, YAN Wen. Distribution characteristics of biomarker components and their environmental indications at Well NK-1 on Meiji Atoll, Nansha Islands^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 162-177.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 2

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

References 99

[1]	陈史坚, 1982. 南沙群岛珊瑚礁地貌与沉积特征[J]. 海洋通报, 1(2): 41-52.
	Chen Shijian, 1982. Geomorphic and sedimentary characteristics of coral reefs in the Nansha Islands[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1(2): 41-52 (in Chinese).
[2]	高婧茹, 朱小畏, 颜文, 2025. 脂类生物标志物在珊瑚研究中的应用[J]. 华东地质, 46(3): 339-355.
	Gao Jingru, Zhu Xiaowei, Yan Wen, 2025. Application of lipid biomarkers in coral research[J]. East China Geology, 46(3): 339-355 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	巩恩普, 李骁, 王立芙, 等, 2026. 黔南早二叠世窝托珊瑚礁的微相类型、发展演化及控制因素[J]. 沉积学报, 44(4): 1495-1506.
	Gong Enpu, Li Xiao, Wang Lifu, et al, 2026. Microfacies, development, and controlling factors of Wotuo coral reef during the Early Permian in southern Guizhou[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 44(4): 1495-1506 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]	贾云霞, 王钊, 庞红丽, 2025. 南科1井的地球化学特征及其与陆源输入的关系[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 41(8): 13-23.
	Jia Yunxia, Wang Zhao, Pang Hongli, 2025. Geochemical characteristics of Well NK-1 and their relationships with terrigenous input[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 41(8): 13-23 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	罗云, 黎刚, 徐维海, 等, 2022. 南科1井第四系暴露面特征及其与海平面变化的关系[J]. 热带海洋学报, 41(1): 143-157. doi: 10.11978/2021013
	Luo Yun, Li Gang, Xu Weihai, et al, 2022. Characteristics of Quaternary exposure surfaces in Well Nanke-1 and their relationship with sea-level changes[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 41(1): 143-157 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.11978/2021013
[6]	吕俏凤, 2012. 生物礁油气藏近源成藏模式及其对勘探的启示[J]. 海相油气地质, 17(1): 41-48.
	Lyu Qiaofeng, 2012. A model of source-proximal hydrocarbon accumulation of reef reservoirs and the implication to exploration[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 17(1): 41-48 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	王力, 王鑫, 蔡凯旋, 等, 2021. 生物礁油气分布特征及勘探前景[J]. 内蒙古石油化工, 47(7): 117-121.
	Wang Li, Wang Xin, Cai Kaixuan, et al, 2021. Distribution characteristics and exploration prospect of biological reef reservoirs[J]. Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry, 47(7): 117-121 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	吴时国, 朱伟林, 马永生, 2018. 南海半封闭边缘海碳酸盐台地兴衰史[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 38(6): 1-17.
	Wu Shiguo, Zhu Weilin, Ma Yongsheng, 2018. Vicissitude of Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the South China Sea: Sedimentation in semi-closed marginal seas[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 38(6): 1-17 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	臧明思, 王佳宝, 宋宜, 等, 2025. 珊瑚脂类生物标志物组成及对环境的响应: 研究进展与问题[J]. 地球环境学报, 16(4): 416-427.
	Zang Mingsi, Wang Jiabao, Song Yi, et al, 2025. Response of coral lipid biomarkers to the environment: progress and problems[J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 16(4): 416-427 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]	张田升, 吴自银, 赵荻能, 等, 2019. 南海礼乐盆地海底麻坑地貌及成因分析[J]. 海洋学报, 41(3): 106-120.
	Zhang Tiansheng, Wu Ziyin, Zhao Dineng, et al, 2019. The morphologies and genesis of pockmarks in the Reed Basin, South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 41(3): 106-120 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]	朱照宇, 谢久兵, 郑王琼, 等, 2006. 南海北缘早-中更新世之交新构造活动及其区域对比[J]. 第四纪研究, 26(1): 70-76.
	Zhu Zhaoyu, Xie Jiubing, Zheng Wangqiong, et al, 2006. Neotectonics along the north coast of South China Sea and its regional correlation around the boundary of the early and Middle Pleistocene[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 26(1): 70-76 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]	Abdullah W H, Togunwa O S, Makeen Y M, et al, 2017. Hydrocarbon source potential of Eocene-Miocene sequence of Western Sabah, Malaysia[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 83: 345-361. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.02.031
[13]	Al-Dahash L M, Mahmoud H M, 2013. Harboring oil-degrading bacteria: a potential mechanism of adaptation and survival in corals inhabiting oil-contaminated reefs[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 72(2): 364-374. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.029 pmid: 23014479
[14]	Belopolsky A, Droxler A, 2003. Imaging Tertiary carbonate system: the Maldives, Indian Ocean: Insights into carbonate sequence interpretation[J]. The Leading Edge, 22(7): 646-652. doi: 10.1190/1.1599690
[15]	Blyth A J, Farrimond P, Jones M, 2006. An optimised method for the extraction and analysis of lipid biomarkers from stalagmites[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 37(8): 882-890. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.05.003
[16]	Braga J C, Puga-Bernabéu Á, Heindel K, et al, 2019. Microbialites in Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial reefs of the great barrier reef (IODP expedition 325, NE Australia)[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 514: 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.007
[17]	Brown B E, Bythell J C, 2005. Perspectives on mucus secretion in reef corals[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 296: 291-309. doi: 10.3354/meps296291
[18]	Chen Wenhuang, Huang Chiyue, Lin Y J, et al, 2015. Depleted deep South China Sea δ¹³C paleoceanographic events in response to tectonic evolution in Taiwan-Luzon Strait since Middle Miocene[J]. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅱ: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 122: 195-225.
[19]	Dai Minhan, Su Jianzhong, Zhao Yangyang, et al, 2022. Carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean: synthesis, boundary processes, and future trends[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 50: 593-626. doi: 10.1146/earth.2022.50.issue-1
[20]	Dalsgaard J, St John M, Kattner G, et al, 2003. Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment[J]. Advances in Marine Biology, 46: 225-340. pmid: 14601414
[21]	Ding Weiwei, Franke D, Li Jiabiao, et al, 2013. Seismic stratigraphy and tectonic structure from a composite multi-channel seismic profile across the entire Dangerous Grounds, South China Sea[J]. Tectonophysics, 582: 162-176. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.026
[22]	Dong Yanzhu, Liu Yongxue, Hu Chuanmin, et al, 2022. Chronic oiling in global oceans[J]. Science, 376(6599): 1300-1304. doi: 10.1126/science.abm5940 pmid: 35709269
[23]	Drake J L, Guillermic M, Eagle R A, et al, 2021. Fossil corals with various degrees of preservation can retain information about biomineralization-related organic material[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9: 643864. doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.643864
[24]	Gischler E, Dietrich S, Harris D, et al, 2013. A comparative study of modern carbonate mud in reefs and carbonate platforms: Mostly biogenic, some precipitated[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 292: 36-55. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.04.003
[25]	Eglinton T, Eglinton G, 2008. Molecular proxies for paleoclimatology[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters: A Letter Journal Devoted to the Development in Time of the Earth and Planetary System, 275(1/2): 1-16.
[26]	Fournier F, Borgomano J, Montaggioni L F, 2005. Development patterns and controlling factors of Tertiary carbonate buildups: Insights from high-resolution 3D seismic and well data in the Malampaya gas field (Offshore Palawan, Philippines)[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 175(1/2/3/4): 189-215. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.01.009
[27]	Fu Jiamo, Sheng Guoying, Xu Jiayou, et al, 1990. Application of biological markers in the assessment of paleoenvironments of Chinese non-marine sediments[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 16(4/5/6): 769-779. doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(90)90116-H
[28]	Gogou A, Stephanou E G, 2004. Marine organic geochemistry of the Eastern Mediterranean: 2. Polar biomarkers in Cretan Sea surficial sediments[J]. Marine Chemistry, 85: 1-25. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2003.08.005
[29]	Gori A, Tolosa I, Orejas C, et al, 2018. Biochemical composition of the cold-water coral Dendrophyllia cornigera under contrasting productivity regimes: Insights from lipid biomarkers and compound-specific isotopes[J]. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅰ: Oceanographic Research Papers, 141: 106-117.
[30]	Gough M A, Rowland S J, 1990. Characterization of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons in petroleum[J]. Nature, 344(6267): 648-650. doi: 10.1038/344648a0
[31]	Grimalt J, Albaigés J, 1987. Sources and occurrence of C₁₂ - C₂₂ n-alkane distributions with even carbon-number preference in sedimentary environments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51(6): 1379-1384. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90322-X
[32]	Grottoli A G, Rodrigues L J, Palardy J E, 2006. Heterotrophic plasticity and resilience in bleached corals[J]. Nature, 440(7088): 1186-1189. doi: 10.1038/nature04565
[33]	Guo Wei, Jia Guodong, Ye Feng, et al, 2019. Lipid biomarkers in suspended particulate matter and surface sediments in the Pearl River Estuary, a subtropical estuary in Southern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 646: 416-426. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.159
[34]	Guo Yangrui, Deng Wenfeng, Liu Xi, et al, 2021. Clumped isotope geochemistry of island carbonates in the South China Sea: Implications for early diagenesis and dolomitization[J]. Marine Geology, 437: 106513. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106513
[35]	Guzman H M, Kaiser S, Weil E, 2020. Assessing the long-term effects of a catastrophic oil spill on subtidal coral reef communities off the Caribbean coast of Panama (1985 - 2017)[J]. Marine Biodiversity, 50(3): 28. doi: 10.1007/s12526-020-01057-9
[36]	Han Minwei, Zhang Ruijie, Yu Kefu, et al, 2020. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in corals of the South China Sea: Occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation, and considerable role of coral mucus[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384: 121299. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121299
[37]	Hao Fang, Zhou Xinhuai, Zhu Yangming, et al, 2011. Lacustrine source rock deposition in response to co-evolution of environments and organisms controlled by tectonic subsidence and climate, Bohai Bay Basin, China[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 42(4): 323-339. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.01.010
[38]	Heindel K, Birgel D, Brunner B, et al, 2012. Post-glacial microbialite formation in coral reefs of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans[J]. Chemical Geology, 304: 117-130.
[39]	Heindel K, Birgel D, Peckmann J, et al, 2010. Formation of deglacial microbialites in coral reefs off Tahiti (IODP 310) involving sulfate-reducing bacteria[J]. Palaios, 25(10): 618-635. doi: 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-032r
[40]	Hernández-Sánchez M T, LaRowe D E, Deng Feifei, et al, 2014. Further insights into how sediment redox status controls the preservation and composition of sedimentary biomarkers[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 76: 220-234. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.08.006
[41]	Hoefs M J L, Rijpstra W I C, Sinninghe Damsté J S, 2002. The influence of oxic degradation on the sedimentary biomarker record Ⅰ: evidence from Madeira Abyssal Plain turbidites[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(15): 2719-2735. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00864-5
[42]	Hopmans E C, Weijers J W H, Schefu E, et al, 2004. A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 224(1/2): 107-116. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.012
[43]	Huang Chiyue, Yuan P B, Song Shengrong, et al, 1995. Tectonics of short-lived intra-arc basins in the arc-continent collision terrane of the Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan[J]. Tectonics, 14(1): 19-38. doi: 10.1029/94TC02452
[44]	Hughes T P, Anderson K D, Connolly S R, et al, 2018. Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene[J]. Science, 359(6371): 80-83. doi: 10.1126/science.aan8048 pmid: 29302011
[45]	Imbs A B, Yakovleva I M, 2012. Dynamics of lipid and fatty acid composition of shallow-water corals under thermal stress: an experimental approach[J]. Coral Reefs, 31(1): 41-53. doi: 10.1007/s00338-011-0817-4
[46]	Ingalls A E, Lee C, Druffel E R M, 2003. Preservation of organic matter in mound-forming coral skeletons[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(15): 2827-2841. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00079-6
[47]	Killops S D, Al-Juboori M A H A, 1990. Characterisation of the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) in the gas chromatograms of biodegraded petroleums[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 15(2): 147-160. doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(90)90079-F
[48]	Killops S D, Nytoft H P, di Primio R, 2019. Biodegradative production and destruction of norhopanes - An example from residual oil in a Paleogene paleomigration conduit on the Utsira High, Norwegian North Sea[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 138: 103906. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.103906
[49]	Kim N S, Rodchenko A P, 2016. Hopane hydrocarbons in bitumens of Mesozoic deposits of the western Yenisei-Khatanga regional trough[J]. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 57(4): 597-607. doi: 10.1016/j.rgg.2015.06.011
[50]	Li Gang, Xu Weihai, Luo Yun, et al, 2022. Strontium isotope stratigraphy and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb carbonate age constraints on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern South China Sea[J]. GSA Bulletin, 135(1/2): 271-285. doi: 10.1130/B36365.1
[51]	Li Qianyu, Wang Pinxian, Zhao Quanhong, et al, 2008. Paleoceanography of the mid-Pleistocene South China Sea[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27(11/12): 1217-1233. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.007
[52]	Liu Jian, Ye Zhizheng, Han Changrui, et al, 1997. Meteoric diagenesis in Pleistocene reef limestones of Xisha Islands, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 15: 465-476. doi: 10.1016/S0743-9547(97)00049-4
[53]	Liu Jianguo, Cao Li, Xu Weihai, et al, 2022. Formation and development of coral reefs in the South China Sea[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 594: 110957. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110957
[54]	Liu Na, Wang Zhenfeng, Li Xushen, et al, 2019. Reef-carbonate diagenesis in the Pleistocene-Holocene of the well Xike #1, Xisha Islands, South China Sea: implications on sea-level changes[J]. Carbonates and Evaporites, 34(4): 1669-1687. doi: 10.1007/s13146-019-00515-1
[55]	Lüdmann T, Kalvelage C, Betzler C, et al, 2013. The Maldives, a giant isolated carbonate platform dominated by bottom currents[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 43: 326-340. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.01.004
[56]	Luo Yun, Li Gang, Xu Weihai, et al, 2021. The effect of diagenesis on rare earth element geochemistry of the Quaternary carbonates at an isolated coral atoll in the South China Sea[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 420: 105933. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2021.105933
[57]	Michel J, Borgomano J, Reijmer J J G, 2018. Heterozoan carbonates: When, where and why? A synthesis on parameters controlling carbonate production and occurrences[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 182: 50-67. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.05.003
[58]	Mudge S M, Norris C E, 1997. Lipid biomarkers in the Conwy Estuary (North Wales, U.K.): a comparison between fatty alcohols and sterols[J]. Marine Chemistry, 57(1/2): 61-84. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00010-8
[59]	Mueller C E, Larsson A I, Veuger B, et al, 2014. Opportunistic feeding on various organic food sources by the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa[J]. Biogeosciences, 11(1): 123-133. doi: 10.5194/bg-11-123-2014
[60]	National Research Council, 2003. Oil in the sea Ⅲ: inputs, fates, and effects[M]. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
[61]	Neff J M, Anderson J W, 1981. Response of marine animals to petroleum and specific petroleum hydrocarbons[M]. London: Applied Science Publishers.
[62]	Nordborg F M, Jones R J, Oelgemöller M, et al, 2020. The effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate on oil toxicity to coral reef organisms - A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 720: 137486. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137486
[63]	Oliveira C R, Ferreira A A, Oliveira C J F, et al, 2012. Biomarkers in crude oil revealed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Depositional paleoenvironment proxies[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 46: 154-164. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.03.002
[64]	Perry C T, de Bakker D M, Webb A E, et al, 2025. Reduced Atlantic reef growth past 2℃ warming amplifies sea-level impacts[J]. Nature, 646(8085): 619-626. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09439-4
[65]	Peters E C, Meyers P A, Yevich P P, et al, 1981. Bioaccumulation and histopathological effects of oil on a stony coral[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 12(10): 333-339. doi: 10.1016/0025-326X(81)90106-5
[66]	Peters K E, Walters C C, Moldowan J M, 2005. The Biomarker Guide[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
[67]	Prahl F G, Dymond J, Sparrow M A, 2000. Annual biomarker record for export production in the central Arabian Sea[J]. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅱ: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47(7/8): 1581-1604.
[68]	Prat S, Jorry S J, Jouet G, et al, 2016. Geomorphology and sedimentology of a modern isolated carbonate platform: The Glorieuses Archipelago, SW Indian Ocean[J]. Marine Geology, 380: 272-283. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.009
[69]	Purkis S, Kerr J, Dempsey A, et al, 2014. Large-scale carbonate platform development of Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas, and implications for associated reef geomorphology[J]. Geomorphology, 222: 25-38. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.004
[70]	Radice V Z, Brett M T, Fry B, et al, 2019. Evaluating coral trophic strategies using fatty acid composition and indices[J]. PLoS One, 14(9): e0222327. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222327
[71]	Seifert W K, Moldowan J M, 1980. The effect of thermal stress on source-rock quality as measured by hopane stereochemistry[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 12: 229-237. doi: 10.1016/0079-1946(79)90107-1
[72]	Seifert W K, Moldowan J M, Demaison G J, 1984. Source correlation of biodegraded oils[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 6: 633-643. doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(84)90085-8
[73]	Shao Lei, Cui Yuchi, Qiao Peijun, et al, 2017a. Sea-level changes and carbonate platform evolution of the Xisha Islands (South China Sea) since the Early Miocene[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 485: 504-516. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.07.006
[74]	Shao Lei, Li Qianyu, Zhu Weilin, et al, 2017b. Neogene carbonate platform development in the NW South China Sea: Litho-, bio- and chemo-stratigraphic evidence[J]. Marine Geology, 385: 233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2017.01.009
[75]	Su Xiang, Xiang Rong, Yi Liang, et al, 2024. Neogene carbonate platform development in the southern South China Sea: Evidence from calcareous microfossils[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 640: 112093. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112093
[76]	Tan Fei, Zhang Guotao, Fu Guowei, et al, 2025. Mid-Holocene sea-level change in the northern South China Sea inferred from coral microatolls: constraints on glacial isostatic adjustment and neotectonic activity[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 369: 109654. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109654
[77]	Tao Shizhen, Wang Chuanyuan, Du Jianguo, et al, 2015. Geochemical application of tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes biomarkers in crude oils of NW China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 67: 460-467. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.05.030
[78]	Turner N R, Renegar D A, 2017. Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity to corals: a review[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119(2): 1-16. doi: S0025-326X(17)30357-0 pmid: 28502453
[79]	Versteegh G J M, Zonneveld K A F, de Lange G J, 2010. Selective aerobic and anaerobic degradation of lipids and palynomorphs in the Eastern Mediterranean since the onset of sapropel S1 deposition[J]. Marine Geology, 278(1/2/3/4): 177-192. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.007
[80]	Volkman J K, 2006. Lipid markers for marine organic matter[M]// VolkmanJ K,ed. Marine organic matter:Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag: 27-70.
[81]	Wakeham S G, Peterson M L, Hedges J I, et al, 2002. Lipid biomarker fluxes in the Arabian Sea, with a comparison to the equatorial Pacific Ocean[J]. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅱ: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49(12): 2265-2301.
[82]	Wang Pinxian, Li Qianyu, Li Chunfeng, 2014. Geology of the China Seas[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
[83]	Wang Yongli, Fang Xiaomin, Zhang Tongwei, et al, 2010. Predominance of even carbon-numbered n-alkanes from lacustrine sediments in Linxia Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau: Implications for climate change[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 25(10): 1478-1486. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.07.002
[84]	Wang Zhenfeng, Huang Keke, Zhang Daojun, et al, 2018. Maturation of Neogene dolomite from xuande atoll of Xisha Archipelago, the South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 92: 51-64. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.02.016
[85]	Wenger L M, Davis C L, Isaksen G H, 2002. Multiple controls on petroleum biodegradation and impact on oil quality[J]. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 5(5): 375-383.
[86]	Williams H H, Reyes E N, Eubank R T, 1992. Geochemistry of Palawan oils, Philippines: source implications[C]// Proceedings of the Southeast Asia Petroleum Exploration Society, Volume X, Singapore: 115-129.
[87]	Wu Feng, Xie Xinong, Betzler C, et al, 2019. The impact of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, temperature variations and nutrient-level changes since the Pliocene on tropical carbonate platform (Xisha Islands, South China Sea)[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 514: 373-385. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.013
[88]	Wu Feng, Xie Xinong, Yan Wen, et al, 2024. Quaternary evolution of the Meiji atoll (mischief reef) in the southern South China Sea[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 634: 111912. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111912
[89]	Xu Shendong, Yu Kefu, Zhang Zhinan, et al, 2020. Intergeneric differences in trophic status of scleractinian corals from Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea: implication for their different environmental stress tolerance[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(5): e2019JG005451.
[90]	Yi Liang, Deng Chenglong, Yan Wen, et al, 2021. Neogene-quaternary magnetostratigraphy of the biogenic reef sequence of core NK-1 in Nansha Qundao, South China Sea[J]. Science Bulletin, 66(3): 200-203. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.014 pmid: 36654321
[91]	Yin Shaoru, Wang Liaoliang, Guo Yiqun, et al, 2015. Morphology, sedimentary characteristics, and origin of the Dongsha submarine canyon in the northeastern continental slope of the South China Sea[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 58(6): 971-985. doi: 10.1007/s11430-014-5044-8
[92]	Zhang Gongcheng, Wang Dongdong, Lan Lei, et al, 2021. The geological characteristics of the large- and medium-sized gas fields in the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 40(2): 1-12.
[93]	Zhao Meixia, Yu Kefu, Shi Qi, et al, 2013. Coral communities of the remote atoll reefs in the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(9): 7381-7392. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3107-5 pmid: 23355025
[94]	Zhao Meixia, Zhang Haiyang, Zhong Yu, et al, 2021. Microstructural characteristics of the stony coral genus Acropora useful to coral reef paleoecology and modern conservation[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 11(7): 3093-3109. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7247 pmid: 33841770
[95]	Zhong Yi, Liu Qingsong, Chen Zhong, et al, 2019. Tectonic and paleoceanographic conditions during the formation of ferromanganese nodules from the northern South China Sea based on the high-resolution geochemistry, mineralogy and isotopes[J]. Marine Geology, 410: 146-163. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2018.12.006
[96]	Zhu Xiaowei, Jia Guodong, Tian Yuhang, et al, 2021. Photosynthetic production determines bottom water oxygen variations in the upwelling coastal South China Sea over recent decades[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9: 759317. doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.759317
[97]	Zhu Xiaowei, Li Gang, Tian Yuhang, et al, 2022. Production of short-chain n-fatty acids in coral reefs in the southern South China Sea since the Late Miocene[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 592: 110898. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110898
[98]	Zhu Xiaowei, Mao Shengyi, Sun Yongge, et al, 2018. Organic molecular evidence of seafloor hydrocarbon seepage in sedimentary intervals down a core in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 168: 155-162. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.11.009
[99]	Zhu Xiaowei, Mao Shengyi, Wu Nengyou, et al, 2014. Molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of saturated fatty acids within one sedimentary profile in the Shenhu, northern South China Sea: Source implications[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 92: 262-275. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.12.011

	n-C_22:1脂肪酸	支链脂肪酸	n-C_14~18脂肪醇
n-C_14~18脂肪酸	0.798	0.673	0.655
n-C_22:1脂肪酸		0.443	0.612
支链脂肪酸			0.419

深度/m	n-烷烃 CPI	C₃₁	C₃₂	C₂₉	C₃₀	C₃₁R/C₃₀	C₂₆/C₂₅	G/H
深度/m	n-烷烃 CPI	22S/(22S+22R)		βα/αβ		C₃₁R/C₃₀	C₂₆/C₂₅	G/H
47.19	0.82	-	0.46	-	0.24	-	2.27	0.28
49.39	0.97	0.62	0.60	0.13	0.12	0.17	1.36	0.24
52.51	1.02	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
53.43	1.03	0.48	0.67	-	0.18	0.31	2.76	0.27
54.83	1.01	0.48	0.58	0.15	0.16	0.31	2.45	0.38
55.03	0.98	0.44	0.54	0.30	0.23	0.39	2.92	0.30
55.23	1.06	0.75	-	-	0.19	0.15	2.04	0.43
57.45	0.57	0.59	0.52	-	0.18	0.22	3.53	0.53
58.15	0.95	0.58	0.55	0.16	0.12	0.17	2.54	0.21
61.27	1.00	-	0.66	0.22	0.20	-	2.64	0.24
97.11	1.02	0.64	0.56	0.09	0.20	0.16	2.62	0.29
98.73	1.03	0.39	0.68	0.35	0.20	0.36	2.30	0.36
105.15	0.99	0.56	-	0.10	0.14	0.20	1.13	0.19
108.39	1.03	0.53	0.47	0.22	0.18	0.22	2.12	0.26

Distribution characteristics of biomarker components and their environmental indications at Well NK-1 on Meiji Atoll, Nansha Islands^*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 99

Related Articles 9

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	LI Gang, XU Weihai, LUO Yun, LIU Jianguo, ZHAO Jianxin, FENG Yuexing, CHENG Jun, SUN Zhen, XIANG Rong, XU Min, YAN Wen. The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern South China Sea: stratigraphic evidence from a deep borehole in Meiji Atoll [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 16-34.
[2]	HUANG Kangjun, ZHANG Pan, FENG Dong, YAN Wen. Controlling factors and implications of magnesium isotopic compositions of marine carbonates^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 146-161.
[3]	LUO Yun, LI Gang, ZHANG Xiyang, XU Weihai, ZHU Xiaowei, ZHOU Wanqiu, HUANG Huiwen, ZHONG Fuchang, YAN Wen. Differential dolomitization process of coral reefs in the South China Sea: a case study based on a deep borehole in Meiji Atoll [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 108-127.
[4]	LI Ruoan, LI Xuqing, CHEN Tianran. Graded responses of coral skeletal δ¹⁸O and Sr/Ca to ENSO in the southern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(4): 45-55.
[5]	Xiuli LIAO, Ming DAI, Xiuyu GONG, Huaxue LIU, Honghui HUANG. Subsurface chlorophyll a maximum and its possible causes in the southern South China Sea^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(1): 45-56.
[6]	YI Rong, KE Zhi-xin, SONG Xing-yu, SHEN Ping-ping, WANG Sheng-fu, FAN Yan-zhi, HUANG Liang-min, TAN Ye-hui, LI Gang. Comparisons of surface Chl a and primary productivity along three transects of the southern South China Sea, northern Java Sea and eastern Indian Ocean in April 2011* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2014, 33(6): 61-67.
[7]	ZHOU Peng,LI Dong-mei,LIU Guang-shan,MEN Wu,JI Li-hong. Biogenic silica in surface sediments of the northeastern and southern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2010, 29(4): 40-47.
[8]	, . null [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2009, 28(3): 45-53.
[9]	XIANG Rong,CHEN Mu-hong,CHENG Xin-rong, ZHANG Lan-lan, LU Jun,Liu Jian-guo,CHEN Zhong. [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2009, 28(3): 59-66.

Distribution characteristics of biomarker components and their environmental indications at Well NK-1 on Meiji Atoll, Nansha Islands*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 99

Related Articles 9

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

Distribution characteristics of biomarker components and their environmental indications at Well NK-1 on Meiji Atoll, Nansha Islands^*