北印度洋苏门答腊和莫克兰俯冲带地震海啸综述

doi:10.11978/2016121

Abstract

Abstract:

The frequency of tsunamis occurred in the Indian Ocean is much lower than that of the Pacific Ocean; in the past fifteen years, however, three out of ten major tsunamis triggered by the earthquake occurred in the Indian Ocean region. The Makran and the Sumatra subduction zones are the two active regions in the North Indian Ocean for tsunamigenic earthquakes. In the northern Sumatra subduction zone, two earthquakes with Mw 9.0 and 8.6 occurred on December 26, 2004 and March 28, 2005, respectively, and they were ranked as the second and fourth largest earthquakes in the past half century. The 2004 event generated a tsunami disaster with the largest wave runup of 50.9m, and resulted in the most devastating historical disaster, while the 2005 event only generated a maximum wave runup of 4m. What caused the completely different tsunami scenarios by the two earthquakes with similar location and focal mechanism is worthy of study. Recent studies showed that the seismic activities along the Makran subduction zone were divided into two neighboring sections: the seismic activity of the eastern section is significantly stronger than the western section, and the 1945 tsunami was located in this section. Whether the western section, or the whole Makran subduction zone has the potential to rupture together and thus generate major tsunamis requires further investigations.

Key words: North Indian Ocean, tsunami, earthquake, Makran subduction zone, Sumatra subduction zone, paleotsunami research

CLC Number:

P738.4

Xu ZHAO, Min XU, Xin ZENG, Jian LIN. Review of tsunami caused by large earthquakes along the Sumatra and Makran subduction zones in the North Indian Ocean[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(6): 62-70.

Figures/Tables 7

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时间	震级(Mw)	震源深度/km	纬度	经度	最大爬高/m
2010/10/25	7.8	20	3&#x000b0;42&#x02032;36″S	99&#x000b0;19&#x02032;12″E	16.9
2006/07/17	7.7	34	10&#x000b0;16&#x02032;48″S	107&#x000b0;46&#x02032;48″E	20.9
2005/03/28	8.6	30	1&#x000b0;40&#x02032;12″N	97&#x000b0;04&#x02032;12″E	4.2
2004/12/26	9.0	30	3&#x000b0;05&#x02032;24″N	94&#x000b0;15&#x02032;36″E	50.9
1994/06/02	7.8	18	11&#x000b0;01&#x02032;48″S	113&#x000b0;02&#x02032;24″E	13.9
1977/08/19	8.3	33	11&#x000b0;08&#x02032;24″S	118&#x000b0;13&#x02032;48″E	15

时间	位置	海啸描述	参考文献
1945 AD	24&#x000b0;88&#x02032;48″N, 63&#x000b0;36&#x02032;E	Mw 8.1级地震, 海啸爬高12~15m	Quittmeyer et al, 1979; Ambraseys et al, 1982; Pararas-Carayannis, 2006a
1897 AD	24&#x000b0;30&#x02032;N, 62&#x000b0;E	由地震或火山引发海啸	Heidarzadeh et al, 2008
1851 AD	25&#x000b0;6&#x02032;N, 62&#x000b0;18&#x02032;E	莫克兰中部发生大地震并引发海啸, 数间房屋被摧毁	Quittmeyer et al, 1979
1524 AD	莫克兰俯冲带	地震引发的海啸损坏了印度Dabhol沿岸的葡萄牙舰队	Rastogi et al, 2006; Heidarzadeh et al, 2008
1008 AD	25&#x000b0;N, 60&#x000b0;E	伊朗南部沿海有地震与海啸记载	Ambraseys et al, 1982; Heidarzadeh et al, 2008; Shah-HosseinI et al, 2011
326 BC	24&#x000b0;N, 67&#x000b0;18&#x02032;E	印度西部的马其顿舰队被摧毁	Murty et al, 1999; Pararas-Carayannis, 2006b; Rastogi et al, 2006; Heidarzadeh et al, 2008

Review of tsunami caused by large earthquakes along the Sumatra and Makran subduction zones in the North Indian Ocean

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