中建南盆地北部海底麻坑地貌特征及成因机制

doi:10.11978/2020111

Abstract

Abstract:

Submarine pockmarks are defined as submarine depressions associated with fluid escape, which are distributed widely in the continental shelf, slope and plain of global oceans. By using multibeam bathymetric maps and three-dimensional seismic profiles, we identified 330 pockmarks with different scales in the northern part of the Zhongjiannan Basin in the South China Sea. Depending on the plan views, these pockmarks are divided into four types: circular, elliptical, elongated, and crescent pockmarks. The pockmarks in the study area have diameters ranging from 1500 to 7900 m, with a maximum depth of 175 m. The scale of circular pockmarks is smaller than those of the other three types in this area, indicating that circular pockmarks are in the early stage of submarine pockmarks. The 3D seismic profiles show that fluid escape pathways, such as faults, gas chimneys and fractures, develop in their overlying strata, which provide a favorable condition for these pockmarks. Bottom currents have an effect on shaping the morphology of pockmarks in our study area. When the flowing fluids are powerful in the underlying strata, the flanks of circular pockmarks would collapse where the flowing fluids supply to the flanks along migration pathways directly. Because bottom currents affect elliptical pockmarks at their early stage, elliptical pockmarks would not show any obvious modification. Additionally, the closely arrayed circular or elliptical pockmarks would gradually evolve into elongated pockmarks due to the strong effect of consistent bottom currents. The upstream sides of isolated circular pockmarks are buried due to the increment of sedimentation rate and the downstream sides of these pockmarks are eroded, which leads to the formation of crescent pockmarks. By analyzing the formation mechanisms of pockmarks, we propose a model to exhibit the evolutions of different types of pockmarks in the northern part of the Zhongjiannan Basin. This model helps us better understand the process of fluid escape and bottom current flows and provides a reference for other areas of the formation of pockmarks.

Key words: submarine pockmark, morphology characteristics, formation mechanism, evolution process, Zhongjiannan Basin

CLC Number:

P737.22

WANG Ling, WANG Bin, LI Jian, YU Kaiqi, ZHAO Fang. Morphology characteristics and formation mechanisms of submarine pockmarks in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin, South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(5): 72-84.

Figures/Tables 11

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Morphology characteristics and formation mechanisms of submarine pockmarks in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin, South China Sea

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