南海深水工程勘察挑战与案例分析

doi:10.11978/2024058

Abstract

Abstract:

The marine engineering survey focuses on the geological hazards that threaten the marine engineering. In the process of moving towards the deep water, it has also been found that several unique geological phenomena, distinct from shallow water areas, have a certain impact on the positioning of drilling platforms, the design of jacket platforms and floating platforms, and the optimization of submarine pipeline and cable routes. Based on the results of many deepwater well site surveys and deep-water oil and gas field development project surveys, this paper expounds the characteristics of deep-water geological hazards, the methods of research and evaluation and the impact on marine engineering through the results of engineering geophysical survey, engineering geological survey and marine environmental survey, and provides a better idea for the investigation and design of deep-water marine engineering. The researches show that the deep water is widely developed with sand waves, scarps, hard seabed, faults, submarine canyons, mass transport deposits and other geological disaster phenomena. When conducting engineering geophysical survey, the use of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and other survey methods to obtain centimeter resolution survey results can effectively reduce the observation period of seabed sand wave movement rate, and obtain more accurate water depth topographic data to support the marine engineering design. Combined with the shallow soil sample results and shallow profile results of the engineering geological survey, the seabed strata can be effectively divided and the slope stability analysis can be carried out, providing the design basis for the offshore engineering construction.

Key words: deepwater, submarine topography and landforms, shallow geological hazards, oil and gas field development, submarine pipeline routing

CLC Number:

P714+.6

FENG Xiangzi, Li Yufei, Wang Weiwei, Wang Dawei. Challenges and case analysis of deepwater engineering investigation in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(1): 200-210.

Figures/Tables 11

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勘察阶段	勘察工作内容与重点	勘察平台与技术手段	勘探比例尺
可研勘察	了解区域地形地貌与地质构造, 识别地质灾害类型和特征, 评价构筑物地基的适宜性	收集历史资料, 辅以已有的地形地貌图, 补充船载多波束、浅地层探测和表层／柱状取样	1:100 000
ODP 勘察	初步查明水下井场、管道路由区的地形地貌、工程地质条件, 提供设计所需的岩土参数及评价地质灾害危害性。	深拖/AUV/ROV(remotely operated vehicle) 平台的多波束、侧扫声呐和浅地层剖面为主, 辅以船载地震探测, 结合部分钻探、原位测试和室内试验	1:2 000~1:10 000
基本设计勘察	查明浮式生产储油船 (floating production storage and offloading, FPSO)锚位、水下井口等的精细地形地貌、海底构筑物影响范围内岩土分布及其物理力学性质, 评价地质灾害风险	深拖/AUV/ROV 平台的多波束、侧扫声呐和浅地层探测, 结合钻探、原位测试和室内试验; 以及现场监测	1:500~1:2 000
施工勘察(包括施工勘察、运营期间在位检测勘察及废弃勘察)	对施工、运行和废弃等阶段的工程地质问题, 如冲蚀、沉陷和土质软化蠕变进行勘察与监测	AUV/ROV 的周期检测和原位现场监测	根据工程

区块	区块概位	经度	纬度
A	东沙群岛西北	116.4°E	21.5°N
B	琼东南盆地	110.6°E	17.4°N
C	琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷	110.4°E	18.4°N

Challenges and case analysis of deepwater engineering investigation in the South China Sea

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