全球三大洋底高原重力异常与地壳厚度特征及对比研究*

doi:10.11978/2019116

Abstract

Abstract:

The Ontong Java Plateau, Kerguelen Plateau, and Shatsky Rise are the three largest oceanic plateaus on Earth, exhibiting voluminous magmatism with areas of 1.90×10⁶, 1.25×10⁶, and 0.53×10⁶ km², respectively. In this study, we conducted a detailed comparative analysis of bathymetry, residual mantle Bouguer anomaly (RMBA), and gravity-derived relative crustal thickness of the three plateaus, correlating results with geological and geochemical constraints. Relative to adjacent normal seafloors, the Ontong Java Plateau is elevated by 4.3 km; the Kerguelen Plateau, by 5 km; and the Shatsky Rise, by 4 km. The corresponding peak-to-trough amplitudes in RMBA are about 250, 330, and 200 mGal, while the relative crustal thickness variations are of 11, 13, and 9 km, respectively, implying that the magma output forming these three oceanic plateaus is far more than that generated by a normal mid-ocean ridge. Moreover, all three plateaus were formed near mid-ocean ridge or ridge triple junction settings. Isotopic analyses of Nd, Pb, and Hf reveal that the Ontong Java Plateau is characterized by ocean island basalts (OIB); most of the Kerguelen Plateau is predominantly OIB, but is mixed with some mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB); and most of the Shatsky Rise volcanism shows East Pacific Rise-type MORB, with a few exceptions of OIB-like components. These features imply that these oceanic plateaus were probably formed by “plume-ridge interaction”. Two models are proposed herein: (1) the peripheral mid-ocean ridge is dragged onto the top of the mantle plume, and/or (2) the asthenosphere is fed by plume material nearby, resulting in melting anomalies and the resultant thickened crust along the mid-ocean ridge.

Key words: Ontong Java Plateau, Kerguelen Plateau, Shatsky Rise, gravity anomaly, crustal thickness, plume-ridge interaction

CLC Number:

P738.2

Yiming LUO, Jinchang ZHANG, Jian LIN. Characteristics of gravity anomaly and crustal thickness of three largest oceanic plateaus[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(4): 100-115.

Figures/Tables 9

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	翁通爪哇高原	凯尔盖朗高原	沙茨基海隆
形态	穹隆状	条带状	条带状
面积/(×10⁶km²)	1.90	1.25	0.53
最大地形隆起高度/km	4.3	5.0	4.0
ΔMBA/mGal	250	330	200
ΔRMBA/mGal	250	330	200
相对地壳厚度/km	12~23	12~25	9~18
地壳厚度变化值/km	11	13	9
地震地壳厚度	平均30km, 北部最厚38km, 南部最厚33km	南部21~25km, 埃朗浅滩至少16km, 中部19~21km, 北部15~21km	9~30km, 大塔穆火山最厚达30km
喷发环境	水下	水上	水下
火山喷发时间/Ma	122; 90	120—0	147—121
火山年龄变化	无连续变化	由东南向西北变年轻	由西南向东北变年轻
热点的火山活动	短期内喷发大量岩浆, 出现两期活动	初始规模小且分散, 随后岩浆作用变强, 最后再减弱	初期喷发大量岩浆, 后期减弱
地磁异常	主要形成于白垩纪正超时	南、中部形成于白垩纪正超时	洋中脊三联点磁异常条带特征
与洋中脊的关系	形成于洋中脊附近	形成于洋中脊三联点附近	形成于洋中脊三联点
玄武岩类型	OIB	主要为OIB, 存在少量MORB	主要为MORB, 存在少量OIB

Characteristics of gravity anomaly and crustal thickness of three largest oceanic plateaus

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