南海大气沉降及其生态环境效应*

doi:10.11978/2022212

Abstract

Abstract:

The material and energy exchange at the air-sea interface is an important cause of global climate and ecological environment change. As the largest shelf margin sea in China and the Northwest Pacific Ocean, atmospheric deposition plays an important role in the exogenous input of the South China Sea. With the continuous and rapid economic and social development of the surrounding countries in the South China Sea, the transport of anthropogenic pollutants to ocean through atmospheric deposition is increasingly enhanced, which is bound to have a non-negligible impact on the ecological environment of the South China Sea. Based on the research reports of atmospheric deposition of biogenic elements, micro-trace elements and new pollutants microplastics in the South China Sea in the past nearly 30 years, this paper systematically summarized the concentrations, fluxes and influencing factors of atmospheric dry and wet deposition in the South China Sea, and analyzed the eco-environmental effects of atmospheric deposition in the South China Sea. The results show that 1) The concentration of atmospheric particulates in the South China Sea is lower than that in the east coast of China, and there is almost no acid rain deposition. However, the atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol component concentration and deposition in the South China Sea are at a high level due to the influence of biomass burning in Southeast Asia and fossil fuel combustion emissions in China. 2) Nitrogen is the dominant nutrient in the atmospheric dry and wet deposition in the South China Sea, and the proportion of nitrogen species varies greatly in different sea areas, resulting in strong imbalance of nutrient structure in atmospheric deposition. 3) The solubility of anthropogenic metal elements in aerosols is high, and most of them in the form of wet deposition. Aerosol microplastics mostly exist in the form of fiber. Meteorological conditions (precipitation, wind speed, etc.) and source emission intensity are the main factors controlling atmospheric component concentration and deposition flux. 4) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition accounts for about 20% of the total nitrogen input in the sea surface of South China Sea. The addition of nitrogen will aggravate the hypoxia and acidification of the offshore, and nutrient deposition plays an important role in the explosive proliferation of phytoplankton. Atmospheric deposition will have multiple and complex impacts on South China Sea, an oligotrophic ecosystem, which is closely related to hydrologic conditions, initial nutrient status, phytoplankton groups, atmospheric composition and deposition characteristics. In the future, it is suggested that the researchers should pay more attentions to the depth and breadth of the research, focus on the precise and regular monitoring of the dry and wet deposition of various atmospheric components, especially organic nitrogen and phosphorus species and new pollutants, and fully explore the influence and feedback mechanism between the atmospheric deposition of biogenic elements and micro-trace elements and the South China Sea ecosystem from the perspective of interdisciplinarity. Atmospheric deposition is an important part of biogeochemical cycle in the South China Sea, and its impact on the ecological environment is a "double-edged sword". With the continuous enhancement of atmospheric deposition of terrigenous species in the South China Sea in the future, this effect will become more complex and far-reaching.

Key words: atmospheric deposition, biogenic element, micro-trace element, microplastic, influencing factor, primary production, eco-environmental effect

XING Jianwei, SONG Jinming. Atmospheric deposition and its eco-environmental effects on the South China Sea^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 19-39.

Figures/Tables 11

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区域	浓度/(nmol·m^-3)								文献
区域	NH₄-N	NO₃-N	NO₂-N	DIN	DON	DIP	DOP	DSi	文献
大亚湾	5.42	13.51	—	18.93	33.21	0.78	0.61	2.63	Wu et al, 2018a
南海北部	52.3	14.5	—	66.8	—	0.97	—	—	Qi et al, 2020
西沙永兴岛	3.89	31.45	—	35.34	—	—	—	—	Xiao et al, 2017
南海整体	90~148.6	7.14~15.7	<1.43	—	—	0.50	—	—	于丽敏等, 2007; 丁晓君等, 2022

	区域	营养盐								参考文献
	区域	NH₄-N	NO₃-N	NO₂-N	DIN	DON	DIP	DOP	DSi	参考文献
干沉降通量/(mmol·m^-2·a^-1)	珠江口	43.66	25.92	—	69.58	27.87	—	—	—	陈中颖等, 2010
	大亚湾	7.17	20.14	2.41	29.72	9.26	0.093	0.124	—	陈瑾等, 2014b
	大亚湾	0.934	8.46	0.046	9.44	16.33	0.057	0.032	0.338	Wu et al, 2018a
湿沉降通量/(mmol·m^-2·a^-1)	珠江口	60.51	40.98^*	—	101.5	57.18	—	—	—	陈中颖等, 2010
	大亚湾	68.25	84.51	4.81	157.6	19.78	0.244	0.233	—	陈瑾等, 2014b
	大亚湾	17.5	64.4	0.97	82.87	49.7	0.133	0.068	1.19	Wu et al, 2018b
	北部湾西部	46.44	25.92	—	—	—	—	—	—	陈法锦等, 2018a
	湛江湾	—	42.62	0.297	—	—	0.535	—	3.338	陈法锦等, 2017
总(干+湿)沉降通量/(mmol·m^-2·a^-1)	珠江口	104.2	66.90	—	171.1	85.05	—	—	—	陈中颖等, 2010
	大亚湾	75.42	104.6	7.22	187.3	29.04	0.337	0.357	—	陈瑾等, 2014b
	大亚湾	18.43	72.86	1.02	92.31	66.03	0.190	0.100	1.528	Wu et al, 2018a, 2018b

参数	元素
参数	Al	Fe	Mn	Cu	Ni	Zn	Pb	Cd	Cr	As	Se	V	Mo	Ba	Co
溶解态浓度	203.5	110.7	16.16	9.58	3.54	881.7	3.01	0.62	3.12	38.9	0.42	1.29	2.04	151.8	0.08
干沉降通量	37.54	20.07	6.02	0.70	0.21	9.46	0.84	0.0375	0.27	0.44	0.055	0.154	0.091	24.05	0.022

海区	参数	元素
海区	参数	Al	Fe	Mn	Cu	Ni	Zn	Pb	Cd	Cr	As	Se	V	Mo	Ba	Co
深圳近海^*	溶解态浓度	22.86	—	3.34	1.85	0.44	22.54	1.81	0.10	0.21	0.72	—	0.19	—	—	0.03
大亚湾^**	总浓度	2800	1130	230	24.9	10.1	510	40	7.6	16	20	3.2	13	8.1	1320	0.87
深圳近海^*	湿沉降通量	—	—	—	2.94	1.23	26.74	2.71	0.742	0.857	1.445	—	2.16	—	—	0.678
大亚湾^**	湿沉降通量	439.9	189.3	47.4	3.97	1.70	84.5	6.79	0.12	2.68	3.20	0.51	2.26	1.32	125.7	0.16

Atmospheric deposition and its eco-environmental effects on the South China Sea^*

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Atmospheric deposition and its eco-environmental effects on the South China Sea*

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Atmospheric deposition and its eco-environmental effects on the South China Sea^*