Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Trend analysis of marine heatwaves variability in the outer Pearl River estuary from 1974 to 2020
Copy editor: LIN Qiang
Received date: 2022-01-27
Revised date: 2022-04-20
Online published: 2022-04-24
Supported by
Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Survey Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2019FY202110)
Based on the daily mean sea surface temperature (SST) data observed at the Dawanshan Marine Environmental Monitoring Station (DMEMS) in the Pearl River Estuary from 1974 to 2020, the definition of marine heatwaves (MHW) adopted by the World Meteorological Organization, the intensity classification criteria, and the global and northern hemisphere annual mean surface temperature anomaly data, the trends of MHW in the Pearl River Estuary are analyzed using correlation and comparison methods. The results show that: 1) MHW incidents have occurred annually in the Pearl River Estuary in the past 47 years, with an average of 6.5 times per year and up to 13 times in 2020. There is an upward trend in the number of occurrences every year. The average duration is 11.7 days, up to 62 days. 2) MHW days in the Pearl River Estuary have increased significantly in the past 47 years, with an increasing rate of 1.81 d·a-1. 3) During this period, the proportion of MHW days with each level of intensity to all days is: moderate 18.92%, strong 53.24%, severe 24.06% and extreme 3.77%. 4) The main reasons for the increase of MHW days and the occurrence of extreme MHW in the Pearl River Estuary might be global warming, enhanced high pressure and weakened monsoon in the South China Sea. It is estimated that the MHW days in the Pearl River Estuary will increase in the future.
TANG Ling , NIE Yuhua , WANG Ping , TANG Chaolian . Trend analysis of marine heatwaves variability in the outer Pearl River estuary from 1974 to 2020[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022 , 41(6) : 143 -150 . DOI: 10.11978/2022017
表1 珠江口海洋热浪年代际变化Tab. 1 Interdecadal variation of MHW in Pearl River Estuary |
年代际 | MHW日数 | MHW强度等级日数 | 全球温度 距平/℃ | 北半球温度 距平/℃ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中度 | 强 | 严重 | 极端 | ||||
1981—1990 | 42.2 | 12.4 | 29.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.16 | -0.27 |
1991—2000 | 67.5 | 11.4 | 39.2 | 13.9 | 3.0 | -0.04 | -0.03 |
2001—2010 | 100.0 | 18.9 | 56.8 | 23.5 | 1.4 | 0.21 | 0.30 |
2011—2020 | 108.0 | 14.7 | 46.0 | 38.2 | 9.1 | 0.41 | 0.56 |
注: 温度距平数据取自HadCRUT5, 以1981—2010年平均SST为气候均值 |
表2 1974—2020年大万山海洋站四季海洋热浪参数比较Tab. 2 Comparison of MHW parameters at DMEMS in four seasons from 1974 to 2020 |
季节 | MHW | 各级强度比例/% | 最大强度 | MHW日数上升率/(d·a-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均次数/季 | 平均日数/次 | 中度 | 强烈 | 严重 | 极端 | |||
冬 | 1.38 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 41.6 | 30.8 | 8.9 | 4.44* | 0.53 |
春 | 1.25 | 14.2 | 33.7 | 56.4 | 9.85 | 0.0 | 3.00 | 0.31 |
夏 | 2.38 | 23.0 | 13.1 | 50.7 | 33.4 | 2.8 | 2.61 | 0.45 |
秋 | 1.72 | 20.2 | 19.1 | 63.2 | 11.4 | 6.3 | 2.46 | 0.57 |
全年 | 6.73 | 74.6 | 18.9 | 53.2 | 24.1 | 3.8 | 4.44 | 1.83 |
注: *受超强ENSO事件影响, 1998年1月全月处于MHW中 |
表3 大万山海洋站2016和2020年逐月水文气象参数比较Tab. 3 Comparison of monthly hydrometeorological parameters at DMEMS in 2016 and 2020 |
年份 | 项目 | 月份 | 年 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
2016 | 热浪日数/d | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 23 | 24 | 123 |
月SST距平/℃ | 0.6 | -1.2 | -1.2 | -0.6 | -0.2 | 1.4 | 0.8 | -1.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | -0.3 | 0.6 | |
500hPa高度 | 5820 | 5840 | 5826 | 5856 | 5881 | 5892 | 5885 | 5859 | 5879 | 5887 | 5887 | 5858 | 5864 | |
2020 | 热浪日数/d | 31 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 22 | 19 | 24 | 0 | 19 | 14 | 0 | 7 | 153 |
月SST距平/℃ | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.4 | -0.1 | -0.26 | 0.72 | 0.9 | |
500hPa高度 | 5830 | 5841 | 5844 | 5855 | 5884 | 5888 | 5891 | 5872 | 5893 | 5910 | 5893 | 5856 | 5872 |
注: 500hPa高度≥5880表示该月为南海高压控制 |
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