Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
The genetic structure and connectivity of Porites lutea metapopulation of the fringing reefs around the Hainan Island
Copy editor: YIN Bo
Received date: 2022-05-04
Revised date: 2022-05-13
Online published: 2022-05-16
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41376174)
Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2018108)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1406504)
Porites lutea, the representative species of reef building corals around the Hainan Island, is a spawning, massive coral with strong environmental adaptability. Exploring the genetic structure and connectivity of this species helps to reveal the genetic diversity pattern and larval migration path of coral metapopulation around the Hainan Island, thus clarifying the recovery potential of coral reefs. In this study, 11 P. lutea microsatellite markers were screened to analyze the genetic structure of 10 populations of the Hainan fringing reefs and 1 population (XsR) in the Xisha Islands. The results showed that, overall the genetic diversity of all populations was medium to low, with the average allelic richness Rs ranging from 2.8 ± 1.3 (Basuo population, Bs) to 3.7 ± 1.7 (Linchang Reef population, LcR), and the average observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 (Tongguling population, Tgl) to 0.54 (Dachan Reef population, DcR) and 0.50 (Leigong Island population, LgI) to 0.64 (Haiwei population, Hw), respectively. Except for the Longwan Reef population (LwR) and the Dazhou Island population (DzI), which located in the east of the Hainan Island, and the Basuo population (Bs) and the Dachan Reef population DcR (in the west of Hainan Island), all other populations (7/11) showed evidence of heterozygote deficiency. According to genetic differentiation, the Hainan Island populations were divided into two groups: the north-south-east genetically connected zone and the west coast, and the differentiation between the two branches (AMOVA, 0.092) was significant. The former group included Bs, Luhuitou population (Lht), DzI, LgI and Mulantou population (Mlt), due to the significant gene flow created by exchange of ocean currents, there was no obvious genetic differentiation among these five coastal populations, whereas the gene flow of the offshore populations (LcR, DcR and Hw) of the west coast was blocked due to the discontinuity of coastal reefs and slow coastal currents. LwR in the east coast also converges to the west branch, which may be due to the isolation by environment and the convergent adaptation to offshore environment. Although the distance between Hw and Bs is less than 50 km, but they are obviously differentiated, possibly due to the isolation by salinity fluctuation and suspended sediments caused by the runoff of the Changhua River. Tgl showed strong inbreeding, low heterozygosity and non-random mating characteristics because it was located in the wave shadow area of the Tongguling headland, and the runoff of the Bamen River restricted its gene exchange with other coastal reef populations. Represented by P. lutea metapopulations, the fringing reefs of the Hainan Island has the natural resilience responding to environmental stress due to the strong gene flow and the genetic differentiation caused by ocean current, runoff and complex fringing reef structure, as well as the environmental differences between nearshore and offshore. The genetic differentiation between the Xisha Islands population and the coastal reef populations of the Hainan Island was large, showing significant geographical isolation. The Qilianyu Island may have lost the ability to replenish the Hainan Island with coral larvae because the coral reefs have declined there.
FU Chengchong , LI Fuyu , CHEN Dandan , HOU Jing , WANG Jun , LI Yuanchao , WANG Daoru , WANG Yan . The genetic structure and connectivity of Porites lutea metapopulation of the fringing reefs around the Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023 , 42(2) : 64 -77 . DOI: 10.11978/2022098
图1 采样点地图该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为琼S(2021)121的标准地图制作, 底图无修改 Fig. 1 Map of sampling sites |
表1 澄黄滨珊瑚样品信息表Tab. 1 Porites lutea samples details |
地区 | 站位 | 纬度/N | 经度/E | N | NMLG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
海 南 岛 岸 礁 | 八所 | 19°08′25.80″ | 108°39′33.00″ | 15 | 15 |
雷公岛 | 19°58′30.43″ | 109°53′29.79″ | 17 | 16 | |
木栏头 | 20°07′25.02″ | 110°39′21.90″ | 16 | 16 | |
铜鼓岭 | 19°37′53.39″ | 110°58′42.76″ | 17 | 11 | |
大洲岛 | 18°40′29.54″ | 110°28′56.86″ | 10 | 10 | |
鹿回头 | 18°13′33.42″ | 109°29′06.44″ | 8 | 8 | |
海尾 | 19°26′47.55″ | 108°51′12.20″ | 10 | 10 | |
大铲礁 | 19°41′11.63″ | 109°06′2.13″ | 11 | 11 | |
邻昌礁 | 19°55′01.09″ | 109°28′51.86″ | 10 | 9 | |
龙湾 | 19°16′24.20″ | 110°39′29.50″ | 22 | 22 | |
西沙岛礁 | 七连屿 | 16°58′10.92″ | 112°18′21.41″ | 13 | 13 |
总计 | 149 | 141 |
注: N为正常扩增的样品数; NMLG为去除遗传同质性克隆个体后的样品数 |
表2 11个微卫星位点在11个澄黄滨珊瑚群体的扩增条件和遗传信息(李福宇 等, 2021)Tab. 2 Information and characteristics of 11 microsatellite loci in total 141 wild P. lutea colonies from 11 populations |
位点 | GenBank号 | Ta/℃ | a | Size/bp | Ho | RS | HWE* | PIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plo7 | HQ435873 | 50 | 12 | 171~240 | 0.44 ± 0.21 | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 1/10 # | 0.762 |
plo37 | HQ435922 | 55 | 17 | 372~431 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 2/11 | 0.824 |
plo66 | HQ435976 | 55 | 11 | 172~208 | 0.36 ± 0.22 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 0/10 # | 0.443 |
plo78 | GU137158 | 50 | 9 | 102~170 | 0.52 ± 0.27 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2/9 # | 0.640 |
pasE005 | KP407156 | 53 | 2 | 202~204 | 0.16 ± 0.15 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0/5 # | 0.150 |
pasE030 | KP407159 | 53 | 4 | 183~197 | 0.18 ± 0.11 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0/5 # | 0.093 |
pasE056 | KP407161 | 50 | 8 | 251~300 | 0.25 ± 0.15 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 1/11 | 0.432 |
pasE060 | KP407163 | 50 | 18 | 261~392 | 0.64 ± 0.15 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 3/11 | 0.850 |
pasE062 | KP407165 | 53 | 5 | 288~314 | 0.23 ± 0.14 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 0/11 | 0.309 |
pasE073 | KP407169 | 48 | 9 | 326~357 | 0.73 ± 0.15 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 2/11 | 0.600 |
pasE099 | KP407171 | 53 | 6 | 202~302 | 0.38 ± 0.35 | 2.0 ±0.8 | 0/6 # | 0.350 |
注: Ta为退火温度; a为等位基因数; Size为片段大小, Ho为观测杂合度; RS为等位基因丰度; HWE*为显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡的群体数/检测群体数(α=0.05/11=0.0045); #表示检测群体数少于11 (总群体数), 因有的群体由于等位基因数太少而不能进行哈迪温伯格平衡检测; PIC为多态信息含量, 基于全部141个个体的基因型计算 |
图2 11个微卫星位点在11个澄黄滨珊瑚地理群体中所呈现的遗传多样性每个黑点的水平和垂直线段表示标准差 Fig. 2 Diversity of 11 microsatellite sites in 141 individuals of 11 geographic populations of P. lutea. Each black dot represents the mean allelic richness Rs (horizontal axis) and the mean observed heterozygous Ho (vertical axis) for a microsatellite locus. The length of horizontal and vertical line represents the standard deviations |
表3 11个澄黄滨珊瑚群体11个微卫星位点的遗传多样性参数表Tab. 3 Summary statistics for 11 microsatellite loci among 11 Porites lutea populations |
群体 | 指标 | 位点 | 平均值 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plo7 | plo37 | plo66 | plo78 | pasE005 | pasE030 | pasE056 | pasE060 | pasE062 | pasE073 | pasE099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FST | 0.223 | 0.093 | 0.122 | 0.285 | 0.087 | 0.033 | 0.064 | 0.012 | 0.084 | 0.095 | 0.303 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
铜 鼓 岭 | N | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 4.0 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 5.6 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.27 | 0.55 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.91 | 0.27 | 0.31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.59 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.556 | 0.115 | 0.660 | 0.839 | 0.640 | -0.053 | 1.000 | -0.117 | 1.000 | -0.538 | 0.289 | 0.399 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.0075* | 0.0020 | 0.0056* | 0.0011* | 0.1603 | 1.0000 | 0.0007* | 0.0006 | 0.0490 | 0.0037 | 0.4864 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
鹿 回 头 | N | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 5.0 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 5.7 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 2.0 | 3.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.13 | 0.39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.35 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.86 | 0.53 | 0.62 | 0.45 | 0.57 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.411 | 0.239 | — | 0.082 | 0.192 | -0.167 | -0.077 | 0.404 | 0.440 | -0.235 | 0.000 | 0.129 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.0214 | 0.2890 | — | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0176* | 0.1413 | 0.0417 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
大 洲 岛 | N | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 5.3 | 7.0 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 5.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.86 | 0.28 | 0.54 | 0.37 | 0.52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.127 | 0.097 | 0.100 | 0.244 | 0.000 | -0.059 | -0.059 | 0.187 | -0.059 | -0.333 | 0.000 | 0.022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.1919 | 0.1379 | 0.1023 | 0.5001 | — | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0600 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
八 所 | N | 15 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 3.7 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 2.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.40 | — | 0.27 | 0.53 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 0.51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.40 | — | 0.46 | 0.79 | 0.40 | 0.70 | 0.25 | 0.56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | -0.139 | 0.371 | -0.260 | -0.500 | 0.012 | — | 0.096 | 0.311 | 0.012 | -0.316 | 0.000 | -0.041 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.5795 | 0.0460 | 0.5809 | 0.0684 | 1.0000 | — | 0.1472 | 0.0115 | 1.0000 | 0.0132 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
木 栏 头 | N | 16 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 5.0 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.50 | 0.75 | 0.19 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.24 | 0.68 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.47 | 0.64 | 0.18 | 0.52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.324 | 0.003 | -0.034 | 0.161 | 0.000 | 0.474 | 0.514 | 0.169 | 0.409 | -0.388 | — | 0.163 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.0182* | 0.9930 | 1.0000 | 0.0524 | — | 0.0675 | 0.0234 | 0.0286 | 0.0683 | 0.1924 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
雷 公 岛 | N | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 5.5 | 5.7 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 6.0 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 3.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.06 | 0.63 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.19 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.23 | 0.74 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.87 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.254 | 0.322 | 0.651 | 0.143 | 0.650 | 0.500 | -0.034 | 0.348 | -0.071 | -0.257 | — | 0.251 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.0189 | 0.0903* | 0.0962 | 0.0042 | 0.1023 | 0.0306 | 0.7697 | 0.0025* | 1.0000 | 0.6317 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
邻 昌 礁 | N | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 4.6 | 6.3 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 6.8 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.44 | 0.67 | 0.22 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 0.45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 0.55 | 0.92 | 0.54 | 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.57 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.279 | 0.365 | 0.059 | 0.000 | 0.636 | 0.000 | 0.190 | 0.267 | 0.590 | -0.309 | -0.191 | 0.171 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.0795 | 0.0317 | 0.5320 | — | 0.1771 | — | 0.1576* | 0.0776* | 0.0133* | 0.1778 | 0.4218 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
海 尾 | N | 10 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 3.7 | 6.0 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 6.1 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 3.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.64 | 0.36 | — | — | 0.18 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.52 | 0.86 | 0.63 | 0.54 | — | — | 0.54 | 0.82 | 0.41 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.138 | 0.333 | -0.007 | 0.333 | — | — | 0.623 | 0.543 | 1.000 | -0.524 | -0.778 | 0.185 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.3443 | 0.0665 | 0.2047 | 0.0955 | — | — | 0.0084* | 0.0000* | 0.0022* | 0.2135 | 0.0557 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
大 铲 礁 | N | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 4.6 | 5.2 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.18 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.82 | — | — | 0.18 | 0.73 | 0.45 | 0.64 | 0.91 | 0.54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.85 | 0.77 | 0.46 | 0.70 | — | — | 0.41 | 0.71 | 0.39 | 0.75 | 0.52 | 0.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.779 | 0.383 | -0.163 | -0.259 | — | — | 0.459 | -0.026 | -0.163 | 0.136 | -0.818 | 0.036 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.0000* | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.3486 | — | — | 0.0992 | 0.1568 | 1.0000 | 0.0041 | 0.0196 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
龙 湾 | N | 22 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 22 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 3.2 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 6.2 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 3.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.32 | 0.64 | 0.36 | 0.86 | 0.05 | — | 0.32 | 0.73 | 0.32 | 0.73 | 0.68 | 0.50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.40 | 0.73 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.09 | — | 0.54 | 0.85 | 0.38 | 0.70 | 0.51 | 0.52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.128 | 0.056 | 0.140 | -0.684 | 0.000 | — | 0.407 | 0.141 | -0.176 | -0.043 | -0.346 | -0.038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | 0.1269 | 0.1715 | 0.0871 | 0.0006 | — | — | 0.0107* | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0040 | 0.1924 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
西 沙 七 连 屿 | N | 13 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RS | 1.5 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ho | 0.08 | 0.54 | 0.54 | — | — | — | 0.15 | 0.77 | 0.23 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He | 0.15 | 0.78 | 0.83 | — | — | — | 0.28 | 0.88 | 0.40 | 0.67 | 0.52 | 0.56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIS | 0.000 | 0.320 | 0.146 | — | — | — | 0.461 | 0.127 | 0.333 | -0.356 | 0.007 | 0.130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phwe | — | 0.0070 | 0.0340 | — | — | — | 0.2402 | 0.1348 | 0.0271 | 0.5811 | 1.0000 |
注: N: 个体数; RS: 每个位点的等位基因丰度; Ho: 观察杂合度; He: 期望杂合度; FIS: 近交系数; Phwe: 哈迪温伯格平衡; 加粗表示经 Bonferroni 校正后显著偏离哈迪温伯格平衡(初始 a = 0.05/11 = 0.0045); *表示经 MICRO-CHEKER 检测后显示该位点在群体中存在无效等位基因, 因而可能导致偏离哈迪温伯格平衡; 空白表示无法计算; —表示不可计算 |
表4 澄黄滨珊瑚11个群体遗传多样性参数Tab. 4 Genetic diversity for 11 populations of Porites lutea |
群体 | N | RS | Ho | He | FIS | HWE (偏离位点) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
八所 | 15 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 0.51± 0.25 | 0.56 ± 0.18 | -0.041 | - |
雷公岛 | 16 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 0.35 ± 0.27 | 0.50 ± 0.27 | 0.251 | plo78, pasE062 |
木栏头 | 16 | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 0.36 ± 0.27 | 0.52 ± 0.24 | 0.163 | - |
铜鼓岭 | 11 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 0.31 ± 0.33 | 0.59 ± 0.20 | 0.399 | plo37, plo78, pasE056, pasE060, pasE073 |
大洲岛 | 10 | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 0.39 ± 0.23 | 0.52 ± 0.26 | 0.022 | - |
鹿回头 | 8 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 0.39 ± 0.22 | 0.57 ± 0.22 | 0.129 | - |
海尾 | 10 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 0.42 ± 0.25 | 0.64 ± 0.15 | 0.185 | pasE056, pasE062 |
大铲礁 | 11 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 0.54 ± 0.26 | 0.62 ± 0.17 | 0.036 | plo7, plo37, pasE073 |
邻昌礁 | 9 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 0.45 ± 0.30 | 0.57 ± 0.26 | 0.171 | - |
龙湾 | 22 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 0.50 ± 0.26 | 0.52 ± 0.21 | -0.038 | plo78, pasE060, pasE073 |
西沙七连屿 | 13 | 3.0 ± 2.1 | 0.43 ± 0.25 | 0.56 ± 0.27 | 0.130 | - |
注: N: 个体数; RS: 等位基因丰度; Ho: 观察杂合度; He: 期望杂合度; FIS: 近交系数; HWE: 偏离位点, 即经 Bonferroni 校正后仍偏离 HWE的位点(初始 a = 0.05/11 = 0.0045); -表示无对应位点 |
表5 澄黄滨珊瑚群体间遗传分化指数FST (对角线以下)以及Nei’s遗传距离(对角线以上)Tab. 5 Pair FST (below diagonal) and Nei’genetic distance (above diagonal) between P. lutea populations |
八所 | 雷公岛 | 木栏头 | 铜鼓岭 | 大洲岛 | 鹿回头 | 海尾 | 大铲礁 | 邻昌礁 | 龙湾 | 西沙 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
八所 | - | 0.116 | 0.081 | 0.194 | 0.103 | 0.114 | 0.205 | 0.202 | 0.156 | 0.110 | 0.407 |
雷公岛 | 0.072 | - | 0.068 | 0.221 | 0.098 | 0.098 | 0.172 | 0.179 | 0.167 | 0.158 | 0.413 |
木栏头 | 0.046 | 0.007 | - | 0.191 | 0.089 | 0.083 | 0.201 | 0.193 | 0.140 | 0.126 | 0.393 |
铜鼓岭 | 0.105 | 0.091 | 0.090 | - | 0.174 | 0.199 | 0.253 | 0.286 | 0.231 | 0.222 | 0.405 |
大洲岛 | 0.037 | 0.018 | 0.024 | 0.075 | - | 0.128 | 0.190 | 0.207 | 0.165 | 0.194 | 0.387 |
鹿回头 | 0.042 | 0.017 | 0.016 | 0.091 | 0.021 | - | 0.236 | 0.227 | 0.217 | 0.169 | 0.432 |
海尾 | 0.127 | 0.107 | 0.102 | 0.109 | 0.086 | 0.138 | - | 0.195 | 0.144 | 0.184 | 0.395 |
大铲礁 | 0.117 | 0.092 | 0.106 | 0.135 | 0.093 | 0.109 | 0.071 | - | 0.178 | 0.193 | 0.403 |
邻昌礁 | 0.057 | 0.097 | 0.067 | 0.089 | 0.101 | 0.086 | 0.045 | 0.053 | - | 0.136 | 0.381 |
龙湾 | 0.148 | 0.131 | 0.100 | 0.152 | 0.129 | 0.166 | 0.055 | 0.084 | 0.060 | - | 0.408 |
西沙 | 0.341 | 0.330 | 0.338 | 0.309 | 0.311 | 0.339 | 0.307 | 0.294 | 0.306 | 0.325 | - |
图3 11个澄黄滨珊瑚群体基于DA (a)和FST*遗传距离(b)的Neighbor-Joining系统树粉色为西岸群体(以及龙湾群体); 蓝色为北东南连通带群体; 数字表示自距值 Fig. 3 Neighbor-joining tree of 11 P. lutea populations based on DA (a) and FST* genetic distance [FST/(1-FST)] (b). The west coast populations and LwR population is shown in red, and the north-south-east connected belt population is shown in blue |
图4 11个澄黄滨珊瑚地理群体基于11个微卫星位点的FST*的主坐标分析蓝圈表示海南岛北东南连通带群体; 红圈表示西岸群体; 十字线为坐标 Fig. 4 Principal coordinate analysis of FST* of 11 microsatellite loci from 11 P. lutea populations. Coordinate 1 mainly reflects the differentiation between XsR population and the populations of Hainan fringing reefs, and coordinate 2 mainly reflects the differentiation between the populations of north-south-east connected belt (blue circle) and the populations of west coast (red circle, including LwR offshore population) |
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