Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
The effects of ocean acidification and warming on the growth and calcification in coralline alga Porolithon cf. onkodes
Copy editor: YAO Yantao
Received date: 2022-05-05
Revised date: 2022-06-02
Online published: 2022-06-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176157)
Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-XH-2021-2-06)
Major Project of Talent Team introduction for Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0402)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA13020203)
Calcified macroalgae, an important calcifying group widely distributed in reef ecosystems, plays vital roles in the primary productivity and reef frameworks construction. Furthermore, several species of calcified algae can induce the coral larval settlement, which is closely related to the sustained development of coral reef ecosystem. However, it is not clear how calcified algae will response to ocean acidification and warming. In this study, healthy and bleached Porolithon cf. onkodes were exposed to different pCO2 (400 µatm, 1200 µatm, 1800 µatm) and temperatures (27 ℃, 30 ℃, 32 ℃) for one month, respectively. The results showed that the growth rate and net calcification rate of living P. onkodes were not significantly affected when the temperature increased from 27 ℃ to 30 ℃, however, these physiological parameters declined significantly at 32 ℃. The net calcification rate decreased from 206.99 nmol·cm-2·h−1 (400 µatm pCO2 + 27 ℃) to -42.22 nmol·cm-2·h−1 (1200 µatm pCO2 + 32 ℃). Similarly, the enhancement of pCO2 also significantly inhibited the growth and calcification in living P. onkodes. Additionally, warming and acidification had interactive effects on the chlorophyll a content and net calcification rate. Compared with living P. onkodes, dead or bleached algal skeletons were more susceptible to warming and acidification. When the temperature was 30 ℃ or the pCO2 was 1200 µatm, the net dissolution rate of dead algal skeletons increased significantly. Furthermore, the adverse effects of warming were exacerbated when high temperatures coincided with acidification. The results revealed that acidification and warming not only affected the growth and calcification rates of living algae, but also accelerated the dissolution rate of calcium carbonate skeleton, which can affect the coral reef ecosystem. The study may contribute to predict the impacts of climate change on reef ecosystem to protect reef ecosystems.
YANG Fangfang , XIAO Zhiliang , WEI Zhangliang , HUANG Yi , LONG Lijuan . The effects of ocean acidification and warming on the growth and calcification in coralline alga Porolithon cf. onkodes[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023 , 42(1) : 87 -97 . DOI: 10.11978/2022099
图1 在不同pCO2和温度条件下培养活体孔石藻(a、b)和死亡孔石藻(c、d)时海水的pH值变化图a Changes of seawater pH values at 8:00 (a, c) and 20:00 (b, d) when Porolithon onkodes were exposed to pCO2 and temperature treatments. (a) and (b) correspond to healthy alga, while (c) and (d) correspond to bleached alga |
表1 升温与酸化对孔石藻生长和色素含量的影响的双因素方差分析结果Tab. 1 Two-way ANOVA of effects of warming and acidification on the relative growth rate and pigment contents of P. onkodes |
指标 | 自由度 | 均方 | F值 | P值 (Tukey HSD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
相对生长速率 | Tem | 2 | 0.58 | 147.46 | <0.001 (P27℃&30℃=0.56; P27℃&32℃<0.001; P30℃&32℃<0.001) |
pCO2 | 2 | 0.05 | 11.40 | <0.001(PL&M=0.01; PL&H<0.001; PM&H=0.63) | |
Tem & pCO2 | 4 | 0.01 | 2.64 | 0.07 | |
叶绿素a含量 | Tem | 2 | 197.83 | 59.12 | <0.001(P27℃&30℃<0.001; P27℃&32℃<0.001; P30℃&32℃=0.21) |
pCO2 | 2 | 19.59 | 5.85 | <0.001(PL&M=0.82; PL&H=0.01; PM&H=0.04) | |
Tem & pCO2 | 4 | 12.17 | 3.64 | 0.03 | |
类胡萝卜素含量 | Tem | 2 | 4.60 | 2.86 | 0.08 |
pCO2 | 2 | 3.65 | 2.27 | 0.13 | |
Tem & pCO2 | 4 | 4.62 | 2.88 | 0.05 |
注: Tem代表温度, L、M、H分别代表pCO2为400µatm、1200µatm和1800µatm |
图4 海水酸化与升温对孔石藻净钙化速率(a)和碳酸钙(镁)含量(b)的影响柱子上方小写字母完全不同的表示差异显著(P<0.05) Fig. 4 Effects of acidification and warming on net calcification rate (a), and (Ca, Mg) CO3 content (b) of P. onkodes |
表2 升温与酸化对孔石藻净钙化速率和净溶解速率的影响的双因素方差分析Tab. 2 Two-way ANOVA of effects of warming and acidification on the net calcification rate and dissolution rate of P. onkodes |
指标 | 自由度 | 均方 | F值 | P值 (Tukey HSD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
净钙化速率 | Tem | 2 | 126762.19 | 218.46 | <0.001(P27℃&30℃=0.99; P27℃&32℃<0.001; P30℃& 32℃<0.001) |
pCO2 | 2 | 10572.41 | 18.22 | <0.001(PL&M=0.79; PL&H<0.001; PM&H<0.001) | |
Tem & pCO2 | 4 | 8770.87 | 15.12 | <0.001 | |
净溶解速率 | Tem | 2 | 12152.63 | 133.72 | <0.001(P27℃&30℃<0.001; P27℃&32℃=0.02; P30℃&32℃<0.001) |
pCO2 | 2 | 11280.92 | 124.13 | <0.001(PL&M<0.001; PL&H<0.001; PM&H=0.003) | |
Tem & pCO2 | 4 | 3102.12 | 34.13 | <0.001 |
注: Tem代表温度, L、M、H分别代表pCO2为400µatm、1200µatm和1800µatm |
[1] |
雷新明, 黄晖, 黄良民, 2012. 珊瑚礁生态系统中珊瑚藻的生态作用研究进展[J]. 生态科学, 31 (5): 585-590.
|
[2] |
雷新明, 黄晖, 练健生, 等, 2019. 中国珊瑚藻的多样性及分布研究现状[J]. 热带海洋学报, 38(4): 30-40.
|
[3] |
李银强, 余克服, 王英辉, 等, 2016. 珊瑚藻在珊瑚礁发育过程中的作用[J]. 热带地理, 36(1): 19-26.
|
[4] |
聂磊, 谢子强, 彭丹, 2021. 海水酸化对珊瑚藻生长和钙化作用的影响[J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 41(3): 67-73.
|
[5] |
徐智广, 李美真, 霍传林, 等, 2012. 高浓度CO2引起的海水酸化对小珊瑚藻光合作用和钙化作用的影响[J]. 生态学报, 32(3): 699-705.
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
IPCC, 2014. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
|
[35] |
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
|
[39] |
|
[40] |
|
[41] |
|
[42] |
|
[43] |
|
[44] |
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
|
[47] |
|
[48] |
|
[49] |
|
[50] |
|
[51] |
|
[52] |
|
[53] |
|
[54] |
|
[55] |
|
[56] |
|
[57] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |