Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents
Copy editor: SUN Cuici
Received date: 2023-07-30
Revised date: 2023-09-02
Online published: 2023-10-20
Supported by
Special Fund for Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2021B1212050023)
Special Fund for Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2023B1212060047)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171548)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010656)
There are rich fishery resources and complicated hydrologic environment in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong. In order to systematically improve the level of oceanic observation and the knowledge of ecological dynamic processes in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the changing climate, a comprehensive investigation of ecological and environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, biology and chemistry during four seasons was carried out in May (spring), July (summer), October (autumn) 2022 and January 2023 (winter). Based on the taxonomic identification of zooplankton, the characteristics of community structure of zooplankton in the surveyed area were analyzed, and the effects of environmental factors on their spatial and temporal distribution were discussed. According to the environmental parameters, the survey area can be divided into the near-shore (mainly affected by human activities) and off-shore (mainly affected by ocean currents) areas, and the zooplankton were characterized by the seasonal and regional pattern. Seasonally, the species, biomass and abundance of zooplankton in spring and summer were higher than those in autumn and winter. Regionally, the species, biomass and abundance of zooplankton in the off-shore waters are generally higher than those in the near-shore waters. Moreover, there are differences in the contribution groups and dominant species to the total zooplankton abundance in different seasons in the off-shore waters. Although copepods and chaetognaths were the main groups of zooplankton, the abundance of planktonic larvae and fish eggs in spring was higher than in other seasons, and the peak value is concentrated in the southwestern Hanjiang Estuary, indicating that this surveyed area was still an important spawning ground in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong. The increase in copepods species and abundance in summer is related to the high chlorophyll a concentration improved by coastal upwelling in eastern Guangdong. Warm-temperate species carried by Fujian and Zhejiang coastal currents in winter are the main contributors to zooplankton abundance. Although chlorophyll a concentrations are higher in the near-shore waters, zooplankton species, biomass and abundance are lower. Under the effect of anthropogenic activities and climate change, long-term systematic monitoring and analysis of the response of zooplankton to the dynamics of the marine environment are needed in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong.
LIU Yuan , KE Zhixin , LI Kaizhi , TAN Yehui , LIANG Junce , ZHOU Weihua . Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024 , 43(4) : 98 -111 . DOI: 10.11978/2023107
图1 粤东近海海流示意图(左图)和2022年5月—2023年1月四个季节浮游动物调查站位图(右图)该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)1825号的标准地图制作, 下同。左图虚线框为采样大致范围 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of currents in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong (left) and sampling stations of zooplankton in spring, summer, autumn and winter from May 2022 to January 2023 (right) |
图3 2022年5月—2023年1月粤东近海表层环境因子聚类的调查站位分布(a)和聚类结果(b)■为主要受人类活动影响的站位, ●为主要受海流影响的站位 Fig. 3 Distribution of sampling stations based on surface environmental parameters clustering (a) and clustering results (b) in coastal waters of eastern Guangdong from May 2022 to January 2023 ■ represents stations mainly affected by human activities, ● represents stations mainly affected by ocean currents |
表1 2022年5月—2023年1月粤东近海浮游动物的种类组成Tab. 1 Species composition of zooplankton in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong from May 2022 to January 2023 |
类群 | 春季种类 | 夏季种类 | 秋季种类 | 冬季种类 | 合计 | 百分比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水螅水母类 Hydrozoa | 8 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 11.49 |
管水母类 Siphonophorae | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3.45 |
栉水母类 Ctenophores | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1.15 |
浮游多毛类 Polychaeta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.15 |
浮游软体类 Mollusca | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.30 |
枝角类 Cladocera | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.15 |
介形类 Ostracoda | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3.45 |
端足类 Amphipods | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2.30 |
桡足类Copepoda | 20 | 23 | 12 | 14 | 32 | 36.78 |
糠虾类 Mysids | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.15 |
磷虾类 Euphausiids | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2.30 |
十足类 Decapoda | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2.30 |
毛颚类 Chaetognatha | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 9.20 |
浮游被囊类 Tunicates | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5.75 |
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae | 14 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 16.09 |
合计 Total | 67 | 72 | 36 | 32 | 87 | 100 |
表2 2022年5月—2023年1月粤东近海浮游动物各类群丰度(平均值±标准差, 单位为ind.·m-3)的变化Tab. 2 Variation in the abundance (unit: ind.·m-3) of zooplankton groups in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong from May 2022 to January 2023 |
类群 | 春季丰度 | 夏季丰度 | 秋季丰度 | 冬季丰度 |
---|---|---|---|---|
水母类 Hydrozoa | 3.04±4.14 | 5.22±9.70 | 1.11±1.68 | 0.93±2.07 |
桡足类 Copepods | 9.12±12.44 | 36.78±12.44 | 12.72±14.26 | 34.20±40.23 |
毛颚类 Chaetognaths | 28.37±31.29 | 17.78±25.23 | 8.37±9.40 | 1.96±3.22 |
浮游被囊类 Pelagic tunicates | 8.94±18.39 | 3.51±6.19 | 0 | 2.00±5.29 |
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae | 41.61±55.11 | 6.54±12.97 | 4.86±5.35 | 5.24±10.41 |
其他类群Others | 6.70±11.59 | 7.73±10.63 | 3.53±4.81 | 0.71±0.84 |
表3 2022年5月—2023年1月粤东近海浮游动物优势种及其丰度(平均值±标准差, 单位为ind.·m-3)的变化Tab. 3 Variation in the abundance (unit: ind.·m-3) of dominant species in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong from May 2022 to January 2023 |
类群 | 优势种 | 春季丰度 | 夏季丰度 | 秋季丰度 | 冬季丰度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
介形类 | 尖尾海萤Cypridina acuminata | - | - | 2.80±5.12 | - |
桡足类 | 太平洋纺锤水蚤Acartia pacifica | - | - | - | 2.68±7.51 |
刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda | - | 2.59±4.81 | - | - | |
厦门矮隆哲水蚤Bestiola amoyensis | - | - | - | 3.27 ±8.84 | |
中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus | - | - | - | 18.20±24.38 | |
微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper | - | 3.68±6.20 | - | - | |
精致真刺水蚤Euchaeta concinna | - | - | 2.22±3.17 | 3.34±6.76 | |
亚强次真哲水蚤Subeucalanus subcrassus | - | 15.20±24.97 | 7.97±12.00 | 2.49±2.59 | |
锥形宽水蚤Temora turbinata | - | 5.60±8.58 | - | - | |
瘦歪水蚤Tortanus gracilis | - | 4.65±8.08 | - | - | |
十足类 | 亨生莹虾Lucifer hanseni | - | 4.67±7.85 | - | - |
毛颚类 | 肥胖箭虫Sagitta enflata | 25.07±33.60 | 15.57±21.55 | 1.99±3.14 | - |
拿卡箭虫Sagitta nagae | - | - | 5.09±9.22 | 1.32±1.75 | |
浮游被囊类 | 小齿海樽Doliolum denticulatum | 7.40±16.79 | - | - | - |
浮游幼虫 | 短尾类溞状幼虫Brachyura zoea larvae | 11.91±17.80 | - | 1.64±3.05 | - |
鱼卵Fish eggs | 6.94±11.12 | - | - | - | |
长尾类幼虫Macrura larvae | 14.19±22.29 | 3.32±7.28 | 2.15±2.70 | 4.32±10.08 |
注: “-”表示在相应航次优势度< 0.02, 未判定为优势种。 |
表4 2022年5月—2023年1月粤东近海不同海区环境因子和浮游动物种数、生物量和丰度的季节变化及检验显著性Tab. 4 Seasonal changes and test significance of environmental factors and zooplankton species number, biomass and abundance in the inshore and offshore waters of eastern Guangdong from May 2022 to January 2023 |
季节和显著性检验 | 温度/℃ | 盐度/‰ | 叶绿素a浓度/(μg·L-1) | 浮游动物种数 | 浮游动物生物量 /(mg·m-3) | 浮游动物丰度 /(ind.·m-3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
近岸 | 春季 | 23.55±0.36 | 28.04±1.69 | 3.22±2.56 | 6±2 | 29.01±21.40 | 17.64±14.14 |
夏季 | 27.77±1.88 | 27.55±1.88 | 7.91±3.32 | 3±3 | 10.98±10.80 | 3.33±3.81 | |
秋季 | 25.79±0.34 | 29.55±1.40 | 1.81±0.94 | 5±2 | 56.45±63.79 | 18.58±29.80 | |
冬季 | 17.11±0.20 | 27.15±2.61 | 3.14±1.10 | 6±1 | 15.58±15.11 | 22.84±19.55 | |
远岸 | 春季 | 23.22±0.46 | 31.37±0.71 | 1.88±1.33 | 21±4 | 128.89±94.80 | 178.51±139.49 |
夏季 | 26.37±1.66 | 30.95±1.28 | 6.18±5.67 | 23±10 | 340.78±270.80 | 151.80±88.64 | |
秋季 | 25.91±0.16 | 31.33±1.47 | 1.07±0.35 | 16±2 | 117.97±115.30 | 42.61±21.70 | |
冬季 | 16.88±0.13 | 30.71±0.39 | 2.97±0.36 | 11±4 | 50.02±61.28 | 67.24±73.13 | |
t-test | P=0.578 | P<0.001 | P=0.112 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 |
图9 2022年5月—2023年1月粤东近海浮游动物优势种与环境因子的冗余分析a. 春季; b. 夏季; c. 秋季; d. 冬季; 浮游动物优势种缩写的全称请见 Fig. 9 Redundancy analysis of dominant species of zooplankton constrained by environmental factors. (a) spring; (b) summer; (c) autumn; (d) winter; The full name of the abbreviation for the dominant species can be found in the |
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