人类活动和沿岸流影响下的粤东近海浮游动物群落特征

doi:10.11978/2023107

Abstract

Abstract:

There are rich fishery resources and complicated hydrologic environment in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong. In order to systematically improve the level of oceanic observation and the knowledge of ecological dynamic processes in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the changing climate, a comprehensive investigation of ecological and environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, biology and chemistry during four seasons was carried out in May (spring), July (summer), October (autumn) 2022 and January 2023 (winter). Based on the taxonomic identification of zooplankton, the characteristics of community structure of zooplankton in the surveyed area were analyzed, and the effects of environmental factors on their spatial and temporal distribution were discussed. According to the environmental parameters, the survey area can be divided into the near-shore (mainly affected by human activities) and off-shore (mainly affected by ocean currents) areas, and the zooplankton were characterized by the seasonal and regional pattern. Seasonally, the species, biomass and abundance of zooplankton in spring and summer were higher than those in autumn and winter. Regionally, the species, biomass and abundance of zooplankton in the off-shore waters are generally higher than those in the near-shore waters. Moreover, there are differences in the contribution groups and dominant species to the total zooplankton abundance in different seasons in the off-shore waters. Although copepods and chaetognaths were the main groups of zooplankton, the abundance of planktonic larvae and fish eggs in spring was higher than in other seasons, and the peak value is concentrated in the southwestern Hanjiang Estuary, indicating that this surveyed area was still an important spawning ground in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong. The increase in copepods species and abundance in summer is related to the high chlorophyll a concentration improved by coastal upwelling in eastern Guangdong. Warm-temperate species carried by Fujian and Zhejiang coastal currents in winter are the main contributors to zooplankton abundance. Although chlorophyll a concentrations are higher in the near-shore waters, zooplankton species, biomass and abundance are lower. Under the effect of anthropogenic activities and climate change, long-term systematic monitoring and analysis of the response of zooplankton to the dynamics of the marine environment are needed in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong.

Key words: zooplankton, community structure, coastal upwelling, coastal current, northern South China Sea

LIU Yuan, KE Zhixin, LI Kaizhi, TAN Yehui, LIANG Junce, ZHOU Weihua. Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(4): 98-111.

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类群	春季种类	夏季种类	秋季种类	冬季种类	合计	百分比/%
水螅水母类 Hydrozoa	8	9	4	3	10	11.49
管水母类 Siphonophorae	3	3	2	1	3	3.45
栉水母类 Ctenophores	1	1	1	0	1	1.15
浮游多毛类 Polychaeta	1	1	0	0	1	1.15
浮游软体类 Mollusca	2	2	0	0	2	2.30
枝角类 Cladocera	1	1	0	0	1	1.15
介形类 Ostracoda	3	3	1	1	3	3.45
端足类 Amphipods	1	1	1	1	2	2.30
桡足类Copepoda	20	23	12	14	32	36.78
糠虾类 Mysids	1	1	0	0	1	1.15
磷虾类 Euphausiids	0	0	1	1	2	2.30
十足类 Decapoda	1	2	1	1	2	2.30
毛颚类 Chaetognatha	7	7	5	3	8	9.20
浮游被囊类 Tunicates	4	4	0	3	5	5.75
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae	14	14	8	4	14	16.09
合计 Total	67	72	36	32	87	100

类群	春季丰度	夏季丰度	秋季丰度	冬季丰度
水母类 Hydrozoa	3.04±4.14	5.22±9.70	1.11±1.68	0.93±2.07
桡足类 Copepods	9.12±12.44	36.78±12.44	12.72±14.26	34.20±40.23
毛颚类 Chaetognaths	28.37±31.29	17.78±25.23	8.37±9.40	1.96±3.22
浮游被囊类 Pelagic tunicates	8.94±18.39	3.51±6.19	0	2.00±5.29
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae	41.61±55.11	6.54±12.97	4.86±5.35	5.24±10.41
其他类群Others	6.70±11.59	7.73±10.63	3.53±4.81	0.71±0.84

类群	优势种	春季丰度	夏季丰度	秋季丰度	冬季丰度
介形类	尖尾海萤Cypridina acuminata	-	-	2.80±5.12	-
桡足类	太平洋纺锤水蚤Acartia pacifica	-	-	-	2.68±7.51
	刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda	-	2.59±4.81	-	-
	厦门矮隆哲水蚤Bestiola amoyensis	-	-	-	3.27 ±8.84
	中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus	-	-	-	18.20±24.38
	微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper	-	3.68±6.20	-	-
	精致真刺水蚤Euchaeta concinna	-	-	2.22±3.17	3.34±6.76
	亚强次真哲水蚤Subeucalanus subcrassus	-	15.20±24.97	7.97±12.00	2.49±2.59
	锥形宽水蚤Temora turbinata	-	5.60±8.58	-	-
	瘦歪水蚤Tortanus gracilis	-	4.65±8.08	-	-
十足类	亨生莹虾Lucifer hanseni	-	4.67±7.85	-	-
毛颚类	肥胖箭虫Sagitta enflata	25.07±33.60	15.57±21.55	1.99±3.14	-
毛颚类	拿卡箭虫Sagitta nagae	-	-	5.09±9.22	1.32±1.75
浮游被囊类	小齿海樽Doliolum denticulatum	7.40±16.79	-	-	-
浮游幼虫	短尾类溞状幼虫Brachyura zoea larvae	11.91±17.80	-	1.64±3.05	-
	鱼卵Fish eggs	6.94±11.12	-	-	-
	长尾类幼虫Macrura larvae	14.19±22.29	3.32±7.28	2.15±2.70	4.32±10.08

季节和显著性检验		温度/℃	盐度/‰	叶绿素a浓度/(μg·L^-1)	浮游动物种数	浮游动物生物量 /(mg·m^-3)	浮游动物丰度 /(ind.·m^-3)
近岸	春季	23.55±0.36	28.04±1.69	3.22±2.56	6±2	29.01±21.40	17.64±14.14
	夏季	27.77±1.88	27.55±1.88	7.91±3.32	3±3	10.98±10.80	3.33±3.81
	秋季	25.79±0.34	29.55±1.40	1.81±0.94	5±2	56.45±63.79	18.58±29.80
	冬季	17.11±0.20	27.15±2.61	3.14±1.10	6±1	15.58±15.11	22.84±19.55
远岸	春季	23.22±0.46	31.37±0.71	1.88±1.33	21±4	128.89±94.80	178.51±139.49
	夏季	26.37±1.66	30.95±1.28	6.18±5.67	23±10	340.78±270.80	151.80±88.64
	秋季	25.91±0.16	31.33±1.47	1.07±0.35	16±2	117.97±115.30	42.61±21.70
	冬季	16.88±0.13	30.71±0.39	2.97±0.36	11±4	50.02±61.28	67.24±73.13
t-test		P=0.578	P<0.001	P=0.112	P<0.001	P<0.001	P<0.001

Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents

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