Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the spring coastal region of Nan’ao based on morphology and high-throughput sequencing
Copy editor: SUN Cuici
Received date: 2024-02-28
Revised date: 2024-03-25
Online published: 2024-05-17
Supported by
Special Fund for Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2021B1212050023)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010656)
Guangzhou Municipal Key Science and Technology Project(2023B03J1328)
The structure of phytoplankton community was investigated based on morphological identification and high-throughput sequencing in the Nan’ao waters in May 2022. The spatial distribution of phytoplankton in relation to environmental factors was explored and results from two different methods were also compared and discussed. According to the cluster analysis of environmental factors, the survey area can be divided into nearshore area and offshore area. Totally, 105 species belong to 52 genera, 39 families, 27 orders, 8 orders, 5 phyla were morphological identified, while 543 species in 6 phyla, 32 orders, 97 families, 155 families, 272 genera through high-throughput sequencing were identified. Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta were the main groups, composing 74.54% and 24.78% through microscopic identification, and 17.52% and 67.84% through high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The abundance of phytoplankton identified by morphology ranged from 0.11×105 to 6.85×105 cells·L-1, which was significantly correlated with the distribution of chlorophyll a concentration, and the phytoplankton diversity index was lower than that of the high-throughput sequencing method. 7 dominant species were obtained by both methods, of which the absolutely dominant specie in the morphological identification results was Chaetoceros compressus, and the absolute dominant specie in the high-throughput sequencing identification results was Heterocapsa rotundata. Correlation analysis showed that the main environmental factor affecting phytoplankton community structure in Nan’ao in spring was pH, salinity and DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus). Using the combination of morphological identification and high-throughput sequencing technology, the structure and diversity of the phytoplankton community can be described more comprehensively and accurately.
ZHOU Zhixi , TANG Huijuan , KE Zhixin , LIU Jiaxing , ZHOU Weihua . Phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the spring coastal region of Nan’ao based on morphology and high-throughput sequencing[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025 , 44(1) : 53 -65 . DOI: 10.11978/2024046
图2 表层环境因子聚类的调查站位分布(a)和聚类结果(b) (●为近岸组, ■为远岸组, 审图号同图1)Fig. 2 Distribution of sampling stations based on surface environmental factors clustering (a, ● represents stations of nearshore group, ■ represents stations of offshore group) and clustering results (b) |
表1 2022年5月南澳近海不同海域环境因子差异及检验显著性Tab. 1 Variability and test significance of environmental factors in the nearshore and offshore waters of Nan’ao in May 2022 |
因子 | 温度/℃ | 盐度/‰ | pH | 浊度/NTU | DIN/(μmol·L-1) | DIP/(μmol·L-1) | DSi/(μmol·L-1) | 氮磷比 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
近岸 | 23.55±0.39 | 28.04±1.85 | 8.03±0.09 | 4.17±2.63 | 12.31±4.39 | 0.77±0.59 | 24.56±4.55 | 26.13±21.53 |
远岸 | 23.22±0.50 | 31.37±0.78 | 8.16±0.06 | 1.93±2.22 | 2.06±0.64 | 0.16±0.09 | 7.20±3.61 | 105.08±18.47 |
t-test | t=1.528, P=0.187 | t=5.126, P<0.01 | t=5.665, P<0.01 | t=1.53, P=0.187 | t=5.81, P<0.05 | t=2.95, P<0.05 | t=8.93, P<0.01 | t=17.45, P<0.01 |
表2 2022年5月南澳海域浮游植物优势种Tab. 2 Dominant species in the coastal waters of Nan’ao in May 2022 |
分类水平 | 优势度 | 出现频率% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
门 | 种 | 形态学鉴定 | 高通量测序 | |
硅藻门Bacillariophyta | 扁面角毛藻Chaetoceros compressus | 0.33 | - | 83.33 |
微眼藻Minutocellus sp. | - | 0.05 | 100 | |
多形微眼藻Minutocellus polymorphus | - | 0.03 | 100 | |
艾氏角毛藻Chaetoceros eibenii | 0.02 | - | 58.33 | |
洛氏菱形藻Nitzschia lorenziana | 0.02 | - | 83.33 | |
尖刺拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens | 0.02 | - | 100 | |
中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum | 0.02 | - | 41.67 | |
甲藻门 Dinophyta | 球形异帽藻Heterocapsa rotundata | - | 0.22 | 100 |
海洋原甲藻Prorocentrum micans | 0.13 | - | 100 | |
剧毒卡洛藻Karlodinium veneficum | - | 0.09 | 100 | |
单眼藻Warnowia sp. | - | 0.09 | 100 | |
单眼藻Warnowia spp. | 0.07 | 100 | ||
锥状斯氏藻Scrippsiella trochoidea | 0.02 | - | 83.33 | |
绿藻门Chlorophyta | 共球藻目Picochlorum sp. | - | 0.03 | 100 |
注: “-”表示在相应航次优势度< 0.02, 未判定为优势种 |
图6 形态学鉴定(a)和高通量测序(b)的浮游植物优势种相对丰度及分布情况C. compressus为扁面角毛藻, C. eibenii为艾氏角毛藻, N. lorenziana为洛氏菱形藻, P. pungens为尖刺拟菱形藻, S. costatum为中肋骨条藻, P. micans为海洋原甲藻, S. trochoidea锥状斯氏藻, H. rotundata为球形异帽藻, K. veneficum为剧毒卡洛藻, Warnowia sp.和Warnowia spp.为单眼藻, Minutocellus sp. 为微眼藻, Picochlorum sp. 属于共球藻目, M. polymorphus为多形微眼藻 Fig. 6 Relative abundances and distributions of dominant species by morphological (a) and molecular (b) analyses |
图7 基于形态学鉴定(a)和高通量测序(b)浮游植物群落门水平上与环境因子的相关性Fig. 7 Pairwise comparison of the phytoplankton community and environmental factors based on morphological (a) and molecular (b) analyses |
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