Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters
Received date: 2024-08-28
Revised date: 2024-09-18
Online published: 2025-01-17
Supported by
Taxonomist Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-TAX-24-043)
National Animal Collection Resource Center, China
To distinguish related species of conasprella cones in Chinese waters, we compared the morphological differences among Conasprella orbignyi (Audouin, 1831), Conasprella ichinoseana (Kuroda, 1956), Conasprella comatosa (Pilsbry, 1904), Conasprella hopwoodi (Tomlin, 1936), Conasprella longurionis (Kiener, 1847) and Conus australis Holten, 1802. We also identified new distribution records for Conasprella hopwoodi and Conasprella longurionis in Chinese waters. Geometric morphometric methods were employed to analyze shell shape differences among these species. Principal component analysis (PCA) of shell outlines revealed distinct differences among Conasprella orbignyi, Conasprella longurionis, Conasprella hopwoodi, and Conus australis. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) demonstrated that the shell outlines effectively discriminate Conus australis and Conasprella orbignyi, with identification accuracy rates of 100.00% and 92.86%, respectively. PCA of spiral rib morphology on the body whorl of Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi indicated that the former exhibits a higher spire, wider body whorl, shorter base, and greater distances between spiral ribs, while the latter shows the opposite trends. CVA results indicated that body whorl landmarks effectively distinguish the two species, with accuracy rates of 87.50% for C. longurionis and 88.89% for C. hopwoodi. PCA of spire geometry revealed no significant separation between C. longurionis and C. hopwoodi, and CVA results aligned with those based on body whorl morphology. Similarly, PCA of aperture geometry showed no significant separation, and CVA yielded lower discrimination accuracy (62.50% and 77.78%, respectively), indicating that the aperture is not a reliable diagnostic feature for these species. This study provides a new supplementary method for identifying similar and easily confused species of conids.
Key words: taxonomy; Gastropoda; Conidae; Conasprella; geometric morphometry
HE Chen , WANG Jianing , CHEN Zhiyun , TAN Yehui . Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025 , 44(4) : 145 -165 . DOI: 10.11978/2024165
表1 芋螺研究材料Tab. 1 Conids specimens examined in this study |
物种 | 标本号 | 数量 | 采集地 | 采集人 | 采集时间 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
南方芋螺 Conus australis | SCSMBC006351 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 林碧萍 | 1980-12-19 |
南方芋螺 Conus australis | SCSMBC008637 | 2 | 南海北部 | 晏磊 | 2016-09-09 |
南方芋螺 Conus australis | SCSMBC008638 | 1 | 东海南部拖网 | 王洋 | 2017-12 |
南方芋螺 Conus australis | SCSMBC008639 | 1 | 东海南部拖网 | 王洋 | 2017-12 |
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa | DH24070909 | 1 | 浙江东海120m水深拖网 | 何径 | 2010 |
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa | DH24070913 | 1 | 浙江东海120m水深拖网 | 何径 | 2010 |
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa | DH24070914 | 1 | 浙江东海120m水深拖网 | 何径 | 2010 |
龙王芋螺Conasprella ichinoseana | SCMSBC008640 | 1 | 东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网 | 南海所 | 2015-04 |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | SCMSBC006413 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 林碧萍 | 1980-12-19 |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | SCMSBC008645 | 1 | 东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网 | 王洋 | 2018-03 |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | SCMSBC008646 | 1 | 东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网 | 王洋 | 2018-03 |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | SCMSBC008647 | 1 | 东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网 | 王洋 | 2018-03 |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070901 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070902 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070903 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070904 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070905 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070906 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070907 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070908 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070909 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070911 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi | DH24070912 | 1 | 东海南部海底拖网 | 何径 | 2010s |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006302 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006314 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006315 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006323 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006325 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006326 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006327 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006331 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006367 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006368 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi | SCSMBC006369 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006334 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006335 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006343 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006348 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006354 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006355 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006359 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006360 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006361 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006362 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis | SCMSBC006364 | 1 | 汕尾遮浪 | 南海海洋研究所 | 1980-12-19 |
图1 芋螺贝壳的地标点和滑动地标点a. 壳顶 (地标点1), 基部 (地标点2), 体螺层两侧螺旋雕刻(地标点3—42); b. 体螺层中上层两侧螺肋(地标点1—38); c. 壳顶 (地标点1), 基部 (地标点2), 缝合线(地标点3—12); d. 壳口上方(地标点1), 基部(地标点2), 壳口两侧(滑动地标点3—22) Fig. 1 Landmarks and semi-landmarks of cone shells. (a) Apex (landmark 1), base (landmark 2), spiral sculpture on both sides of the body whorl (landmarks 3−42); (b) spiral ribs on the upper-middle portion of the body whorl (landmarks 1−38); (c) apex (landmark 1), base (landmark 2), suture line (landmarks 3−12); (d) aperture top (landmark 1), base (landmark 2), both sides of the aperture (semi-landmarks 3−22) |
表2 柳斑芋螺、郝伍德芋螺、欧氏芋螺、南方芋螺的外轮廓几何形态的前5个主成分的特征值、解释总体变异比例及其累计变异比例Tab. 2 Eigenvalues, explained variance, and cumulative explained variance of the first five principal components for the outline geometric morphology of Conasprella longurionis, Conasprella hopwoodi, Conasprella orbignyi, and Conus australis |
主成分 | 特征值 | 解释总体变异比例/% | 累计变异比例/% |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.0006444 | 48.917 | 48.917 |
2 | 0.0002237 | 16.981 | 65.898 |
3 | 0.0001458 | 11.069 | 76.967 |
4 | 0.0000740 | 5.615 | 82.582 |
5 | 0.0000427 | 3.245 | 85.827 |
图11 柳斑芋螺、郝伍德芋螺、欧氏芋螺、南方芋螺的外轮廓几何形态的典型变量分析图Fig. 11 Canonical variate analysis (CVA) of the outline geometric morphology in Conasprella longurionis, Conasprella hopwoodi, Conasprella orbignyi, and Conus australis |
表3 对柳斑芋螺、郝伍德芋螺、欧氏芋螺、南方芋螺的判别分析Tab. 3 CVA of Conasprella longurionis, Conasprella hopwoodi, Conasprella orbignyi, and Conus australis |
初步鉴定结果 | 判别结果 | 合计 | 正确率/% | 平均正确率/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
郝伍德芋螺 | 柳斑芋螺 | 欧氏芋螺 | 南方芋螺 | ||||
郝伍德芋螺 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 63.64 | 82.87 |
柳斑芋螺 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 75.00 | |
欧氏芋螺 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 14 | 92.86 | |
南方芋螺 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 100.00 |
表4 柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺的体螺层螺肋几何形态的前4个主成分的特征值和解释总体变异比例及其累计变异比例Tab. 4 Eigenvalues, percentage of variance, and cumulative variance for the first four principal components of spiral rib geometric morphology on the body whorl of Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi |
主成分 | 特征值 | 解释总体变异比例/% | 累计变异比例/% |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.0478982 | 82.155 | 82.155 |
2 | 0.00512319 | 8.787 | 90.942 |
3 | 0.001751 | 3.003 | 93.946 |
4 | 0.00106792 | 1.832 | 95.777 |
表5 基于体螺层螺肋几何形态对柳斑芋螺、郝伍德芋螺的判别分析Tab. 5 CVA of Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi based on the geometric morphology of body whorl spiral ribs |
初步鉴定 结果 | 判别结果 | 合计 | 正确率/% | 平均 正确率/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
郝伍德芋螺 | 柳斑芋螺 | ||||
郝伍德芋螺 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 88.89 | 88.19 |
柳斑芋螺 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 87.50 |
表6 柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺的螺旋部几何形态的前4个主成分的特征值和解释总体变异比例及其累计变异比例Tab. 6 Eigenvalues, percentage of explained variance, and cumulative variance for the first four principal components of spire geometric morphology in Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi |
主成分 | 特征值 | 解释总体变异比例/% | 累计变异比例/% |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.001365 | 70.920 | 70.920 |
2 | 0.000256 | 13.273 | 84.193 |
3 | 0.000134 | 6.939 | 91.132 |
4 | 0.000078 | 4.050 | 95.182 |
表7 基于螺旋部几何形态对柳斑芋螺、郝伍德芋螺的判别分析Tab. 7 CVA of Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi based on spire geometric morphology |
初步鉴定 结果 | 判别结果 | 合计 | 正确率/% | 平均 正确率/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
郝伍德芋螺 | 柳斑芋螺 | ||||
郝伍德芋螺 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 88.89 | 88.19 |
柳斑芋螺 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 87.50 |
表8 柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺的壳口几何形态的前5个主成分的特征值、解释总体变异比例及其累计变异比例Tab. 8 Eigenvalues, percentage of explained variance, and cumulative variance for the first five principal components of aperture geometric morphology in Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi |
主成分 | 特征值 | 解释总体变异比例/% | 累计变异比例/% |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.000120845 | 32.701 | 32.701 |
2 | 0.0000693704 | 18.772 | 51.473 |
3 | 0.0000602704 | 16.309 | 67.782 |
4 | 0.0000291218 | 7.880 | 75.662 |
5 | 0.0000164304 | 4.446 | 80.108 |
表9 基于壳口几何形态对柳斑芋螺、郝伍德芋螺的判别分析Tab. 9 CVA of Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi based on aperture geometric morphology |
初步鉴定结果 | 判别结果 | 合计 | 正确率/% | 平均正确率/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
郝伍德芋螺 | 柳斑芋螺 | ||||
郝伍德芋螺 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 77.78 | 70.59 |
柳斑芋螺 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 62.50 |
[1] |
白明, 杨星科, 李静, 等, 2014. 几何形态学: 关于形态定量比较的科学计算工具[J]. 科学通报, 59(10): 887-894.
|
[2] |
蔡英亚, 刘桂茂, 1989. 广东西部沿海的贝类[J]. 湛江水产学院学报, 9(1-2): 57-78, 87.
|
[3] |
陈新军, 方舟, 陈洋洋, 等, 2017. 几何形态测量学在水生生物中的应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
|
[4] |
陈志云, 连喜平, 谭烨辉, 2019. 南海芋螺科一新记录(腹足纲,芋螺科)[J]. 热带海洋学报, 38(4): 59-63.
|
[5] |
陈志云, 谭烨辉, 连喜平, 2016. 中国海芋螺属一新记录(腹足纲, 芋螺科)[J]. 热带海洋学报, 35(3): 99-100.
|
[6] |
葛德燕, 夏霖, 吕雪霏, 等, 2012. 几何形态学方法及其在动物发育与系统进化研究中的应用[J]. 动物分类学报, 37(2): 296-304.
|
[7] |
金武, 马学艳, 彭刚, 等, 2024. 梨形环棱螺11个地理种群的几何形态学分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 40(2): 159-164.
|
[8] |
何晨, 陈志云, 谭烨辉, 2024. 黑芋螺和其近似种的特征比较[J]. 热带生物学报, 15(3): 349-353.
|
[9] |
李凤兰, 1995. 中国近海芋螺科的研究Ⅱ[J]. 海洋科学集刊, 36: 245-266, 319-322.
|
[10] |
李凤兰, 林民玉, 2016. 中国动物志无脊椎动物 (第五十五卷) 软体动物门腹足纲芋螺科[M]. 北京: 科学出版社: 11-286, pls. 1-4, figs. 1-168
|
[11] |
李浩楠, 毛楷林, 熊洋, 等, 2020. α-芋螺毒素LvIA特定氨基酸的突变对其活性的影响[J]. 中国海洋药物, 39(6): 45-51.
|
[12] |
李晓丹, 油珅, 罗素兰, 等, 2020. α-芋螺毒素TxIB抗药物依赖的初步探索[J]. 中国海洋药物, 39(6): 39-44.
|
[13] |
罗雪, 赵元龙, 陈圣光, 等, 2023. 贵州剑河寒武系苗岭统凯里组太阳女神螺类几何形态学研究[J]. 古生物学报, 62(1): 78-97.
|
[14] |
舒予, 史令, 郝振林, 等, 2022. 几何形态学对8种扇贝的形态分类的应用[J]. 海洋科学, 46(6): 61-69.
|
[15] |
张素萍, 2008. 中国海洋贝类图鉴[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社 (in Chinese).
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
|
[35] |
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
|
[39] |
MOLLUSCABASE, 2019. MolluscaBase. ConasprellaThiele, 1929 [DB/OL]//World Register of Marine Species. (2019-01-11) [2024-05-25]. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=428971
|
[40] |
MOLLUSCABASE, 2022. MolluscaBase. Conidae J. Fleming, 1822 [DB/OL]//World Register of Marine Species. (2022-03-26) [2024-05-25]. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14107
|
[41] |
|
[42] |
|
[43] |
|
[44] |
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
|
[47] |
|
[48] |
|
[49] |
|
[50] |
|
[51] |
|
[52] |
|
[53] |
|
[54] |
|
[55] |
|
[56] |
|
[57] |
|
[58] |
|
[59] |
|
[60] |
|
[61] |
|
[62] |
|
[63] |
|
[64] |
|
[65] |
|
[66] |
|
[67] |
|
[68] |
|
[69] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |