Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Analysis of tidal wave propagation distortion and asymmetry in Lingding Bay during wet season
Received date: 2019-07-07
Request revised date: 2019-09-16
Online published: 2020-01-09
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0405400)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51339005)
Copyright
Tidal wave propagation and tidal asymmetry in the Pearl River Estuary and Lingding Bay water areas affect estuarine dynamic environment and material transport in the areas. Based on tidal level statistics during June 2011 to July 2011 measured by stations set up in four east estuaries in the Pearl River and Lingding Bay, the theory of convergent estuarine tidal amplitude along the way is used for obtaining an analytic solution, and characteristics of tidal wave propagating from Guishan Island toward upstream is illustrated. Based on harmonic analysis, theory of skewness and method of constituent combination, tidal asymmetry distribution characteristics of east and west coasts in Lingding Bay, Hongqi outlet and Jiao outlet are explained; contrasts with analytical results, main control factors and response regulation of water area between Lingding Bay to Hu Estuary are noted. Our research shows that in Lingding Bay, which is approximately consistent with exponential convergent estuary, the tidal amplitude nearly accords with the change rule of the tidal amplitude analytical solution in exponential convergent estuary. The reason why tidal amplitude in the east coast being higher than in the west coast is that the water depth of the east coast is larger than that of the west coast; secondly, tidal amplitude is impacted by the Coriolis force. Although propagating wave is influenced by roughness consumes energy, and by energy transfer among constituents with different frequencies caused by nonliner effect, the convergence effect of convergent estuary can make sure that amplitudes of astronomical constituents keep steady even rise up in convergent segment, and the impact extent of convergence effect in semi-diurnal constituent is larger than that in diurnal constituent. Each nonliner term’s effect promotes the generation of shallow water constituent and increases energy continuously, making amplitude of shallow water constituent rising within a distance. Skewness of tidal asymmetry changes from ebb dominance in bay mouth to flood dominance in bay bottom, and transform to flood dominance at the line of Chiwan to Jinxing Port, which is located in the middle of Lingding Bay. It suggests that the decrease of ebb dominance asymmetry, which is caused by interaction of astronomical constituents K1-O1-M2 with different frequency, and the increase of flood dominance asymmetry, which is caused by interaction of astronomical constituent M2 with its shallow water overtide M4, leads to the phenomenon. Water depth is the most important factor, which influences tidal asymmetry in properties of a convergent estuary.
TONG Chaofeng , SI Jialin , ZHANG Wei , GAO Xiangyu . Analysis of tidal wave propagation distortion and asymmetry in Lingding Bay during wet season[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020 , 39(1) : 36 -52 . DOI: 10.11978/2019061
表1 潮位站潮幅和涨落潮历时比例Tab. 1 Tidal amplitude and ratio of flood and ebb durations |
位置 | 测站名称 | 涨潮历时与落潮历时比值 | 潮差/m |
---|---|---|---|
伶仃洋东岸 | 桂山岛 | 1.01 | 1.09 |
内伶仃 | 0.91 | 1.31 | |
赤湾 | 0.86 | 1.34 | |
大铲码头 | 0.86 | 1.41 | |
正强码头 | 0.76 | 1.57 | |
舢板洲 | 0.74 | 1.55 | |
仙屋角 | 0.73 | 1.61 | |
伶仃洋西岸 | 九洲港 | 0.95 | 1.12 |
金星港 | 0.97 | 1.22 | |
横门东 | 0.79 | 1.26 | |
龙穴南 | 0.61 | 1.41 | |
南沙 | 0.60 | 1.39 | |
洪奇门 | 万顷沙西 | 0.65 | 1.26 |
冯马庙 | 0.62 | 1.23 | |
板沙尾 | 0.58 | 1.17 | |
横门 | 横门 | 0.65 | 1.19 |
中山港大桥 | 0.61 | 1.00 | |
马鞍 | 0.56 | 0.86 | |
小榄 | 0.52 | 0.67 |
表2 数值模型参数设置Tab. 2 Parameters setting of mathematical models |
组次 | 河型属性 | 边界条件 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
糙率曼宁参数 M/ (m1/3·s-1) | 收缩参数Lb/km | 收缩段长度Ls/km | 水深h/m | 上游流量Q/(m3·s-1) | 外海边界 | ||
0 | 60 | 30 | 60 | 5.5 | 100 | ${{a}_{{{K}_{1}}}}$=0.50m ${{a}_{{{\text{O}}_{1}}}}$=0.30m ${{a}_{{{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=0.50m ${{a}_{{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=0.15m ${{g}_{{{\text{K}}_{\text{1}}}}}$=175.90° ${{g}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}}}$=139.96° ${{g}_{{{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=44.67° ${{g}_{{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=65.11° | |
1 | 50 | 30 | 60 | 5.5 | 100 | ||
40 | 30 | 60 | 5.5 | 100 | |||
30 | 30 | 60 | 5.5 | 100 | |||
2 | 60 | 20 | 42 | 5.5 | 100 | ||
60 | 40 | 84 | 5.5 | 100 | |||
60 | 50 | 105 | 5.5 | 100 | |||
60 | 30 | 60 | 3 | 100 | |||
3 | 60 | 30 | 60 | 10 | 100 | ||
60 | 30 | 60 | 15 | 100 | |||
60 | 30 | 60 | 5.5 | 2000 | |||
4 | 60 | 30 | 60 | 5.5 | 3000 | ||
60 | 30 | 60 | 5.5 | 5000 | |||
备注 | 收缩至等宽段宽度 5 km |
图9 收缩河口中M2分潮潮幅随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深变化(c)、流量(d)的变化Fig. 9 Variation of M2 constituents with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and river discharge(d) |
图10 收缩河口中K1分潮潮幅随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深(c)、流量(d)的变化Fig. 10 Variation of K1 constituents with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and river discharge(d) |
图11 收缩河口中O1分潮潮幅随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深(c)、流量(d)的变化Fig. 11 Variation of O1 constituents with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and river discharge(d) |
图13 收缩河口中M4分潮潮幅随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深(c)、流量(d)的变化Fig. 13 Variation of M4 constituents with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and river discharge(d) |
图14 收缩河口中MS4分潮潮幅随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深(c)、流量(d)的变化Fig. 14 Variation of MS4 constituents with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and river discharge(d) |
图16 K1-O1-M2组合偏度值随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深(c)和流量(d)的变化Fig. 16 Variation of K1-O1-M2 combination skewness with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and discharge (d) |
图17 M2-M4组合偏度值随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深(c)和流量(d)的变化Fig. 17 Variation of M2-M4 combination skewness with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and discharge (d) |
图18 M2-S2-MS4组合偏度值随收缩参数(a)、糙率曼宁参数(b)、水深(c)和流量(d)的变化Fig. 18 Variation of M2-S2-MS4 combination skewness with convergent parameter (a), Manning roughness (b), water depth (c) and discharge (d) |
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