印太交汇区八种鱼类群体遗传结构和连通性分析

doi:10.11978/2024043

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 9-23.doi: 10.11978/2024043CSTR: 32234.14.2024043

印太交汇区八种鱼类群体遗传结构和连通性分析

黄红伟¹^,²^,³(), 张志新³^,⁴, 仲嘉⁵, 林强³^,⁴, 郭宝英¹^,²(), 严小军¹^,²()

1.浙江海洋大学, 海洋科学与技术学院, 浙江舟山 316022
2.浙江海洋大学, 国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心, 浙江舟山 316022
3.中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
5.中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 湖北武汉 430223

收稿日期:2024-02-07 修回日期:2024-03-13 出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-02-10
通讯作者: 郭宝英, 严小军
作者简介:
黄红伟(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋分子生态学研究。email: h18596254737@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3102403); 国家自然科学基金项目(42276126); 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3108800)

The genetic structure and connectivity of eight fish species in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Region

HUANG Hongwei¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Zhixin³^,⁴, ZHONG Jia⁵, LIN Qiang³^,⁴, GUO Baoying¹^,²(), YAN Xiaojun¹^,²()

1. Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
2. National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
3. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5. Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China

Received:2024-02-07 Revised:2024-03-13 Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-02-10
Contact: GUO Baoying, YAN Xiaojun
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3102403); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276126); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3108800)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

印太交汇区是海洋生物多样性起源的中心, 具有极高的生物多样性。随着全球气候的持续变化和人类活动影响的日益加剧, 生态系统逐渐呈现破碎化, 此背景下, 海洋鱼类在连通破碎化的生态系统和维持生物多样性中发挥重要的生态功能。探究印太交汇区代表鱼类的遗传结构和连通性将有助于明确不同种群间的遗传多样性格局和扩散路径, 从而为生物多样性保护提供科学支撑。本研究在印太交汇区5个代表区域 (中沙群岛、南沙群岛、西沙群岛、海南岛和菲律宾) 收集了八种珊瑚礁栖鱼类 (日本刺尾鱼Acanthurus japonicus、波纹钩鳞鲀Balistapus undulatus、尾纹九棘鲈Cephalopholis urodeta、栉齿刺尾鲷Ctenochaetus striatus、金带齿颌鲷Gnathodentex aureolineatus、四带笛鲷Lutjanus kasmira, 、黑边角鳞鲀Melichthys vidua和多带副绯鲤Parupeneus multifasciatus) 共309个样本, 最终获得515条线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome C oxidase subunit I, COI) 基因和 16S rDNA 序列; 为使研究覆盖范围更加广泛, 同时在 GenBank 下载了以上八种鱼类在中国台湾岛、南沙群岛、菲律宾、印度尼西亚海域的线粒体COI基因序列, 共86条。基于此, 研究分析了以上7个代表区域不同群体间的遗传多样性和遗传分化,结果显示八种鱼类在研究区域整体具有较高水平的遗传多样性和较低的遗传分化,其中多带副绯鲤和波纹钩鳞鲀最为明显; 印度尼西亚、中国台湾岛和南海诸岛群体同样具有较高的遗传多样性。研究进一步利用物种分布模型和最小成本路径模型探究了不同种群间的连通性, 在此基础上, 我们共收集了八种鱼类133047条分布信息, 使用最大熵算法(maximum entropy model, MaxEnt)预测当前气候下物种适宜分布的区域, 并利用ArcGis 10.2 软件 SDMtoolbox v2.5工具计算不同种群间的连通性。种群连通性揭示了菲律宾东岸—苏拉威西岛是以上八种鱼类在印太交汇区的重要扩散路径, 南海诸岛(南沙、中沙和西沙群岛)连接了中国台湾岛、菲律宾和印度尼西亚的不同群体, 起到了物种扩散的连通枢纽作用。综上所述, 菲律宾、印度尼西亚、中国台湾岛和南海诸岛应成为维持遗传多样性和保护连通性的优先保护区。本研究强调在生物多样性保护中应综合考虑种群连通性和遗传多样性的重要性, 通过结合宏观和微观层面的研究结果, 以期实现更为有效的生物多样性保护。

关键词: 印太交汇区, 遗传多样性, 扩散, 种群连通性, 生物多样性保护

Abstract:

The Indo-Pacific Convergence Region is the center of the origin in marine biodiversity and has extremely high biodiversity. With the dramatic changes in global climate and human activities intensify, ecosystems are gradually fragmenting. In this context, marine fish play important ecological functions in connecting fragmented ecosystems and protecting biodiversity. Exploring the genetic structure and connectivity of typical fish species in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Region will clarify the genetic diversity patterns and diffusion paths among different populations, thereby providing scientific support for the protection of biological diversity. In this study, 8 fish species (Acanthurus japonicus, Balistapus undulatus, Cephalopholis urodeta, Ctenochaetus striatus, Gnathodentex aureolineatus, Lutjanus kasmira, Melichthys vidua and Parupeneus multifasciatus) were collected from 5 representative areas in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Region (Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands, Xisha Islands, Hainan Island, and the Philippines), totaling 309 samples, 515 mitochondrial COI genes and 16S sequences were obtained; To broaden the scope of the study, cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI ) gene sequences from the Taiwan Island in China and Indonesian were downloaded from GenBank, amounting to 86 sequences. Based on this, we analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation structure among different groups in the above seven study regions. The overall results show that 8 fish species have high levels of genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation, among which Parupeneus multifasciatus and Balistapus undulatus are the most obvious; Indonesia, Taiwan Island in China and South China Sea Island populations also have high genetic diversity. The study further developed the species distribution models and the least-cost paths model to explore the population connectivity. Based on this, distribution information for the eight fish species (collected from a total of 133, 047 points) was used to predict suitable distribution areas under current climate using the MaxEnt algorithm, and the connectivity between different populations was calculated using the ArcGis 10.2 software SDMtoolbox v2.5. Population connectivity reveals that the east coast of the Philippines-Sulawesi is an important dispersal path for the above eight typical fish species in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Region. The South China Sea Islands (Nansha, Zhongsha and Xisha Islands) connect Taiwan Island in China, the Philippines and Indonesia, and serve as connecting hubs for species spread. In summary, the Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan Island in China, and the South China Sea should become priority protected areas for maintaining genetic diversity and protecting connectivity. When protecting biodiversity, population connectivity and genetic diversity should be comprehensively considered, and different research results reflected at the macro and micro levels should be combined to achieve more effective biodiversity conservation.

Key words: Indo-Pacific Convergence Region, genetic diversity, dispersal, population connectivity, biodiversity conservation

中图分类号:

Q347

黄红伟, 张志新, 仲嘉, 林强, 郭宝英, 严小军. 印太交汇区八种鱼类群体遗传结构和连通性分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(1): 9-23.

HUANG Hongwei, ZHANG Zhixin, ZHONG Jia, LIN Qiang, GUO Baoying, YAN Xiaojun. The genetic structure and connectivity of eight fish species in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Region[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(1): 9-23.

图/表 12

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

八种鱼类COI基因NCBI登录号"

物种	群体	NCBI 登录号	物种	群体	NCBI 登录号
日本刺尾鱼	菲律宾	KY570696.1	黑边角鳞鲀	印度尼西亚	GU673788.1
	菲律宾	FJ582663.1		印度尼西亚	GU673787.1
	中国台湾岛	KU944984.1		印度尼西亚	GU673786.1
波纹钩鳞鲀	印度尼西亚	GU674269.1		印度尼西亚	JN312832.1
	印度尼西亚	GU674268.1	多带副绯鲤	印度尼西亚	GU673922.1
	印度尼西亚	GU673764.1		印度尼西亚	GU673921.1
	印度尼西亚	GU673727.1		印度尼西亚	MN870573.1
	印度尼西亚	GU673724.1		印度尼西亚	MN870495.1
	印度尼西亚	JN312867.1		印度尼西亚	MN870185.1
	中国台湾岛	KU945199.1		印度尼西亚	MN870017.1
	中国台湾岛	KU945198.1		印度尼西亚	MN869966.1
	中国台湾岛	KT718610.1		印度尼西亚	MN869947.1
	菲律宾	FJ582893.1		印度尼西亚	MN869941.1
尾纹九棘鲈	印度尼西亚	MN870605.1		印度尼西亚	JN312859.1
	印度尼西亚	MN870316.1		南沙群岛	KY371927.1
	印度尼西亚	MN870305.1		南沙群岛	KY371926.1
	印度尼西亚	MN870241.1		南沙群岛	KY371925.1
	印度尼西亚	MN869950.1		中国台湾岛	KU944153.1
	印度尼西亚	JN313107.1		中国台湾岛	KU944152.1
	印度尼西亚	JN312862.1		中国台湾岛	KU944146.1
	菲律宾	KU064518.1		中国台湾岛	KU944145.1
	菲律宾	KU064517.1		中国台湾岛	KU944144.1
	菲律宾	KU064516.1		中国台湾岛	KU944142.1
	菲律宾	KF009579.1	金带齿颌鲷	印度尼西亚	GU674368.1
	菲律宾	KF009578.1		印度尼西亚	GU674365.1
	菲律宾	KC970463.1		印度尼西亚	MN870418.1
	菲律宾	FJ583015.1		印度尼西亚	MN869944.1
	菲律宾	FJ583014.1		南沙群岛	KY371565.1
	菲律宾	FJ583013.1		南沙群岛	KY371564.1
	菲律宾	FJ583012.1		南沙群岛	KY371563.1
	中国台湾岛	KU943492.1		南沙群岛	KY371562.1
	中国台湾岛	KU943491.1		南沙群岛	KY371561.1
	中国台湾岛	KU943459.1		南沙群岛	KY371560.1
	中国台湾岛	KU892843.1		南沙群岛	KY371559.1
栉齿刺尾鲷	印度尼西亚	GU673965.1	四带笛鲷	南沙群岛	KY371696.1
	印度尼西亚	MN870174.1		南沙群岛	KY371695.1
	印度尼西亚	MN870008.1		南沙群岛	KY371694.1
	印度尼西亚	GU673967.1		南沙群岛	KY371693.1
	印度尼西亚	JN311616.1		南沙群岛	KY371692.1
	中国台湾岛	KU944980.1		南沙群岛	KY371691.1
	中国台湾岛	KU893059.1		南沙群岛	KY371690.1
	中国台湾岛	KU892976.1		南沙群岛	KY371689.1

表3

表4

基于COI基因和16S序列的群体遗传多样性"

物种	群体	序列数(n)			变异位点数目(S)		单倍型数量(h)		单倍型(基因) 多样性(H_d )		核苷酸多样性(π)		核苷酸差异的平均数(K)
物种	群体	COI		16S	COI	16S	COI	16S	COI	16S	COI	16S	COI	16S
日本刺尾鱼	西沙群岛	7	6		2	1	2	2	0.571	0.333	0.002	0.001	1.143	0.333
	南沙群岛	7	10		6	2	4	3	0.810	0.378	0.004	0.001	2.381	0.400
	菲律宾	8	4		6	112	6	4	0.893	1.000	0.004	0.135	2.071	74.000
	整体	22	20		6	135	6	8	0.779	0.589	0.003	0.056	1.779	30.826
波纹钩鳞鲀	中沙群岛	6	9		3	1	3	2	0.600	0.500	0.002	0.001	1.000	0.500
	南沙群岛	4	12		0	4	1	4	0.000	0.455	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.667
	中国台湾岛	3	-		2	-	3	-	1.000	-	0.002	-	1.333	-
	印度尼西亚	6	-		3	-	3	-	0.733	-	0.002	-	1.200	-
	整体	19	21		113	5	8	5	0.795	0.486	0.105	0.001	57.924	0.638
尾纹九棘鲈	中沙群岛	10	11		7	3	7	4	0.867	0.709	0.003	0.002	1.711	0.909
	西沙群岛	11	12		4	3	5	4	0.709	0.561	0.002	0.001	0.873	0.742
	南沙群岛	19	23		50	88	11	7	0.830	0.806	0.030	0.024	15.930	13.024
	菲律宾	10	-		5	-	5	-	0.756	-	0.003	-	1.489	-
	中国台湾岛	4	-		5	-	2	-	0.500	-	0.005	-	2.500	-
	印度尼西亚	7	-		5	-	6	-	0.952	-	0.004	-	2.095	-
	整体	61	46		61	88	23	8	0.799	0.739	0.013	0.014	6.787	7.305
栉齿刺尾鲷	西沙群岛	5	4		62	14	4	3	0.900	0.833	0.071	0.018	37.200	9.167
	南沙群岛	20	21		67	17	11	9	0.842	0.800	0.058	0.012	30.200	6.210
	中国台湾岛	3	-		3	-	2	-	0.667	-	0.004	-	2.000	-
	印度尼西亚	5	-		11	-	4	-	0.900	-	0.008	-	4.400	-
	整体	33	25		77	18	17	10	0.822	0.787	0.050	0.013	26.426	6.500
金带齿颌鲷	中沙群岛	6	6		1	0	2	1	0.333	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.333	0.000
	西沙群岛	5	20		0	1	1	2	0.000	0.100	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.100
	南沙群岛	12	19		3	2	4	3	0.455	0.205	0.001	0.000	0.500	0.211
	印度尼西亚	4	-		2	-	3	-	0.833	-	0.002	-	1.167	-
	整体	27	45		4	3	5	4	0.393	0.130	0.001	0.000	0.484	0.133
四带笛鲷	西沙群岛	19	21		37	11	12	5	0.836	0.538	0.021	0.006	12.357	3.048
	南沙群岛	13	24		5	6	6	3	0.641	0.163	0.002	0.001	0.897	0.500
	整体	32	45		41	17	16	7	0.756	0.358	0.014	0.003	8.482	1.859
黑边角鳞鲀	中沙群岛	25	33		5	7	5	8	0.470	0.384	0.002	0.001	0.907	0.481
	西沙群岛	10	5		3	5	3	4	0.644	0.900	0.002	0.004	1.267	2.000
	南沙群岛	15	27		6	11	4	9	0.600	0.604	0.003	0.002	1.429	1.083
	菲律宾	11	10		6	5	5	5	0.618	0.667	0.002	0.002	1.091	1.000
	印度尼西亚	4	-		3	-	3	-	0.833	-	0.003	-	1.500	-
	整体	65	75		13	24	11	21	0.562	0.538	0.002	0.002	1.136	0.871
多带副绯鲤	中沙群岛	10	10		3	17	4	10	0.533	1.000	0.002	0.012	0.867	6.911
	西沙群岛	-	3		-	9	-	3	-	1.000	-	0.010	-	6.000
	南沙群岛	10	7		3	12	4	7	0.644	1.000	0.001	0.010	0.756	5.571
	中国台湾岛	6	-		4	-	4	-	0.867	-	0.003	-	1.533	-
	海南岛	6	6		4	15	3	6	0.600	1.000	0.002	0.011	1.333	6.533
	印度尼西亚	10	-		7	-	7	-	0.911	-	0.004	-	1.978	-
	整体	42	26		15	17	13	21	0.711	0.982	0.002	0.007	1.266	4.255

表4

图3

图4

表5

图5

表6

图6

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物种	AUC (mean ± SD)	TSS (mean ± SD)	Boyce (mean ± SD)
日本刺尾鱼	0.904 ± 0.093	0.806 ± 0.166	0.757 ± 0.263
波纹钩鳞鲀	0.988 ± 0.003	0.924 ± 0.030	0.882 ± 0.095
尾纹九棘鲈	0.986 ± 0.003	0.934 ± 0.017	0.847 ± 0.075
栉齿刺尾鲷	0.989 ± 0.005	0.934 ± 0.025	0.943 ± 0.046
金带齿颌鲷	0.983 ± 0.010	0.903 ± 0.053	0.811 ± 0.107
四带笛鲷	0.986 ± 0.003	0.907 ± 0.015	0.987 ± 0.008
黑边角鳞鲀	0.988 ± 0.007	0.912 ± 0.049	0.778 ± 0.100
多带副绯鲤	0.986 ± 0.007	0.944 ± 0.016	0.947 ± 0.032

物种	深度	海表年平均盐度	海表年平均盐度范围	海表年平均温度	海表年平均温度范围
日本刺尾鱼	1	0	0.428	0.026	0
波纹钩鳞鲀	1	0.138	0.065	0.025	0.233
尾纹九棘鲈	0.999	0.116	0.113	0.006	0.152
栉齿刺尾鲷	0.998	0.085	0.134	0.059	0.124
金带齿颌鲷	0.999	0.052	0.164	0.117	0.094
四带笛鲷	0.941	0.011	0.018	0.098	0.014
黑边角鳞鲀	0.988	0.100	0.172	0.031	0.380
多带副绯鲤	0.980	0.099	0.074	0.109	0.019

印太交汇区八种鱼类群体遗传结构和连通性分析

The genetic structure and connectivity of eight fish species in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Region

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物种	下载数据	调查数据	文献检索数据	总数据	分析数据
日本刺尾鱼	170	25	4	199	12
波纹钩鳞鲀	15217	46	24	15287	158
尾纹九棘鲈	16650	51	17	16718	112
栉齿刺尾鲷	41773	52	10	41835	239
金带齿颌鲷	3492	62	1	3555	61
四带笛鲷	15315	0	0	15315	2027
黑边角鳞鲀	14562	62	1	14625	73
多带副绯鲤	25414	42	57	25513	238

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