南海北部铁锰结核成因及元素的赋存状态*

doi:10.11978/2016060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解南海北部不同海域铁锰结核中常微量、稀土元素的赋存特点及其富集机制, 采用化学淋滤法提取南海北部上陆坡、下陆坡、深海盆3个区域铁锰结核的碳酸盐相、铁锰氧化相、残渣相组分, 测定了常微量元素、稀土元素含量, 揭示了不同相的元素赋存状态及其意义。Fe-Mn-(Cu+Co+Ni)判别图表明, 上陆坡铁锰结核属于与冷泉流体相关的水成成因类型; 下陆坡区和深海盆的铁锰结核形成环境相似, 属于典型的水成成因类型。结核中K、Ca、Na、Mg、Sr主要富集在碳酸盐相, Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb主要赋存在铁锰氧化物相, Al、Ti和Mo主要出现在残渣相。常微量元素赋存状态变化受多种因素影响, 钙质生物生产力的强弱和钙质生物碎屑的稀释作用是影响铁锰结核中碳酸盐相态元素变化的重要原因。铁锰结核的稀土元素主要富集在铁锰氧化物相, 其次在碳酸盐相, 而在残渣相的相对含量极少。不同海区铁锰结核稀土元素进入碳酸盐相的成因和机制基本相似, 下陆坡和深海盆铁锰结核残渣相稀土元素配分模式相似, 而与上陆坡铁锰结核的明显不同, 残渣物质的来源、结核生长环境的氧化还原状态差异是主要影响因素。研究成果可为深入研究铁锰结核的元素迁移与转化、成矿作用与成矿物质来源及其相关的沉积环境、资源潜力评价等提供重要的基础资料。

关键词: 铁锰结核, 赋存状态, 成因类型, 配分模式, 南海北部

Abstract:

To understand the elemental occurrence phases and the origin of ferromanganese nodules in the northern South China Sea, selective leaching techniques have been utilized to study the geochemical phases (viz. carbonate, Fe-Mn oxide and residual) of ferromanganese nodules on the upper continental slope and the lower continental slope, as well as in the deep-sea basin. According to the Fe-Mn-(Cu+Co+Ni) diagram, Fe-Mn nodules around the Dongsha Islands are associated with hydrocarbon seeps. Nodules on the lower continental slope and in the deep-sea basin have a similar formation mechanism, and are both hydrogenous in origin. K, Ca, Na, Mg, and Sr are mainly enriched in the carbonate phase; Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb are mainly concentrated in the Fe-Mn oxide phase; Al, Ti and Mo are mainly concentrated in the residual phase. The variation of elemental occurrence phases is influenced by multiple factors. The strength of biological productivity and the dilution of calcareous bioclast material can result in change of carbonate phase of Fe-Mn nodules. On the lower continental slope and in the deep-sea basin, REEs and yttrium are mainly associated with the Fe-Mn oxide phase. However, the carbonate and residual phases of hydrogenous oxides have extremely low REE content. The REE origins in carbonate phases of Fe-Mn nodules from different areas are basically similar. The Fe-Mn nodules in the slope area and deep-sea basin have identical residual phase distribution of REEs and yttrium except for the upper slope area. It is probably influenced by residual sources and redox environment of the Fe-Mn nodules. This study discusses the elemental chemical phases in Fe-Mn nodules in the northern South China Sea and provides important basic data for the resources evaluation in this area in the future.

Key words: ferromanganese nodule, occurrence phase, genetic type, distribution pattern, northern South China Sea

中图分类号:

P736

仲义, 陈忠, 莫爱彬, 罗云, 黎刚, 郑旭峰. 南海北部铁锰结核成因及元素的赋存状态^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(2): 48-59.

Yi ZHONG, Zhong CHEN, Aibin MO, Yun LUO, Gang LI, Xufeng ZHENG. Genetic types and elemental occurrence phases of ferromanganese nodules in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(2): 48-59.

图/表 10

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海区	站位	东经	北纬	水深/m	样品号	形貌特征
上陆坡	05E204	117°57′5.22″	20°59′7.8″	1370	05E204-1	球状, 直径约2cm
	10E204	117°59′12.504″	21°0′21.618″	1785	10E204-1	长条状
	10E204B	117°57′18.852″	21°0′9.774″	1331	10E204B-1	棒状
下陆坡	05E107	117°09′31.68″	19°46′25.8″	2255	05E107-1	球状, 直径3cm
					05E107-3	菜花状, 核心杂质多
					05E107-5	不规则块状
					05E107-6	椭球状, 半径5~8cm
					05E107-7	扁球状, 直径约7cm
深海盆	J-158	117°45′12.36″	17°33′41.76″	3570	J-158-1	球状, 表层光滑

参数	碳酸盐相			铁锰氧化物相			残渣相
参数	上陆坡	下陆坡	海盆	上陆坡	下陆坡	海盆	上陆坡	下陆坡	海盆
ΣREE	23.69~36.25	53.83~84.48	55.67	40.68~106.90	783.42~884.61	605.55	2.10~2.39	62.82~86.32	36.07
ΣLREE	19.55~31.09	44.38~70.58	47.33	37.16~97.33	730.18~832.62	560.31	1.77~2.10	60.22~82.73	33.85
ΣHREE	4.14~5.41	9.45~13.90	8.33	3.52~9.57	53.24~61.10	45.23	0.29~0.38	2.60~3.60	2.22
ΣLREE/ΣHREE	4.72~7.14	4.70~5.22	5.68	8.33~10.54	12.55~13.72	12.60	4.71~7.29	23.01~23.36	14.98
Ce/Ce^*	0.62~1.10	0.35~0.52	0.68	1.63~2.40	2.40~3.10	3.35	0.83~1.59	6.59~8.88	4.66
Eu/Eu^*	1.09~1.15	1.25~1.27	1.26	1.10~1.15	1.14~1.18	1.21	0.05~0.06	0.74~1.28	0.57
Y_N/Ho_N	0.98~1.09	0.73~0.83	0.85	0.79~0.90	0.55~0.60	0.65	0.76~0.91	0.50~0.55	0.63

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