| [1] | ALAWI M, LIPSKI A, SANDERS T, et al, 2007. Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic[J]. The ISME Journal, 1(3):256-264. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.34
																																					pmid: 18062041
 | 
																													
																							| [2] | BEMAN J M, LEILEI SHIH J, POPP B N, 2013. Nitrite oxidation in the upper water column and oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean[J]. The ISME Journal, 7(11):2192-2205. pmid: 23804152
 | 
																													
																							| [3] | DAIMS H, LEBEDEVA E V, PJEVAC P, et al, 2015. Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria[J]. Nature, 528(7583):504-509. pmid: 26610024
 | 
																													
																							| [4] | DAIMS H, LÜCKER S, WAGNER M, 2016. A new perspective on microbes formerly known as nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J]. Trends in Microbiology, 24(9):699-712. pmid: 27283264
 | 
																													
																							| [5] | DWORKIN M, GUTNICK D, 2012. Sergei Winogradsky: a founder of modern microbiology and the first microbial ecologist[J]. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 36(2):364-379. pmid: 22092289
 | 
																													
																							| [6] | EHRICH S, BEHRENS D, LEBEDEVA E, et al, 1995. A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship[J]. Archives of Microbiology, 164(1):16-23. | 
																													
																							| [7] | FÜSSEL J, LAM P, LAVIK G, et al, 2012. Nitrite oxidation in the Namibian oxygen minimum zone[J]. The ISME Journal, 6(6):1200-1209. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.178
																																					pmid: 22170426
 | 
																													
																							| [8] | GRIFFIN B M, SCHOTT J, SCHINK B, 2007. Nitrite, an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynjournal[J]. Science, 316(5833):1870. pmid: 17600210
 | 
																													
																							| [9] | HAAIJER S C M, JI K, VAN NIFTRIK L, et al, 2013. A novel marine nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira species from Dutch coastal North Sea water[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4: 60. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00060
																																					pmid: 23515432
 | 
																													
																							| [10] | HEMP J, LÜCKER S, SCHOTT J, et al, 2016. Genomics of a phototrophic nitrite oxidizer: insights into the evolution of photosynjournal and nitrification[J]. The ISME Journal, 10(11):2669-2678. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2016.56
																																					pmid: 27093047
 | 
																													
																							| [11] | HENTSCHEL U, HOPKE J, HORN M, et al, 2002. Molecular evidence for a uniform microbial community in sponges from different oceans[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(9):4431-4440. pmid: 12200297
 | 
																													
																							| [12] | HONG YIGUO, JIAO LIJING, WU JIAPENG, 2020. New primers, taxonomic database and cut-off value for processing nxrB gene high-throughput sequencing data by MOTHUR[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 173: 105939. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105939
																																					pmid: 32360381
 | 
																													
																							| [13] | KITS K D, SEDLACEK C J, LEBEDEVA E V, et al, 2017. Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle[J]. Nature, 549(7671):269-272. pmid: 28847001
 | 
																													
																							| [14] | KITZINGER K, PADILLA C C, MARCHANT H K, et al, 2019. Cyanate and urea are substrates for nitrification by Thaumarchaeota in the marine environment[J]. Nature Microbiology, 4(2):234-243. doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0316-2
																																					pmid: 30531977
 | 
																													
																							| [15] | KOCH H, LÜCKER S, ALBERTSEN M, et al, 2015. Expanded metabolic versatility of ubiquitous nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from the genus Nitrospira[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(36):11371-11376. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1506533112
																																					pmid: 26305944
 | 
																													
																							| [16] | KOCH H, VAN KESSEL M A H J, LÜCKER S, 2018. Complete nitrification: insights into the ecophysiology of comammox Nitrospira[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 103(1):177-189. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9486-3
																																					pmid: 30415428
 | 
																													
																							| [17] | KRUSE M, ZUMBRÄGEL S, BAKKER E, et al, 2013. The nitrite-oxidizing community in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant determined by fatty acid methyl ester-stable isotope probing[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 36(7):517-524. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.06.007
																																					pmid: 23921154
 | 
																													
																							| [18] | KUYPERS M M M, MARCHANT H K, KARTAL B, 2018. The microbial nitrogen-cycling network[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16(5):263-276. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2018.9
																																					pmid: 29398704
 | 
																													
																							| [19] | LEBEDEVA E V, ALAWI M, MAIXNER F, et al, 2008. Physiological and phylogenetic characterization of a novel lithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, ‘Candidatus Nitrospira bockiana’[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 58(1):242-250. | 
																													
																							| [20] | LEBEDEVA E V, OFF S, ZUMBRÄGEL S, et al, 2011. Isolation and characterization of a moderately thermophilic nitrite- oxidizing bacterium from a geothermal spring[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 75(2):195-204. pmid: 21138449
 | 
																													
																							| [21] | LEVIPAN H A, MOLINA V, FERNANDEZ C, 2014. Nitrospina- like bacteria are the main drivers of nitrite oxidation in the seasonal upwelling area of the Eastern South Pacific (Central Chile ~ 36°S)[J]. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 6(6):565-573. pmid: 25756109
 | 
																													
																							| [22] | LÜCKER S, WAGNER M, MAIXNER F, et al, 2010. A Nitrospira metagenome illuminates the physiology and evolution of globally important nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(30):13479-13484. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003860107
																																					pmid: 20624973
 | 
																													
																							| [23] | LÜCKER S, NOWKA B, RATTEI T, et al, 2013. The genome of Nitrospina gracilis illuminates the metabolism and evolution of the major marine nitrite oxidizer[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4: 27. pmid: 23439773
 | 
																													
																							| [24] | MEINCKE M, BOCK E, KASTRAU D, et al, 1992. Nitrite oxidoreductase from Nitrobacter hamburgensis: redox centers and their catalytic role[J]. Archives of Microbiology, 158(2):127-131. | 
																													
																							| [25] | NGUGI D K, BLOM J, STEPANAUSKAS R, et al, 2016. Diversification and niche adaptations of Nitrospina-like bacteria in the polyextreme interfaces of Red Sea brines[J]. The ISME Journal, 10(6):1383-1399. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2015.214
																																					pmid: 26657763
 | 
																													
																							| [26] | NOWKA B, OFF S, DAIMS H, et al, 2015. Improved isolation strategies allowed the phenotypic differentiation of two Nitrospira strains from widespread phylogenetic lineages[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 91(3): fiu031. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiv003
																																					pmid: 25764456
 | 
																													
																							| [27] | PACHIADAKI M G, SINTES E, BERGAUER K, et al, 2017. Major role of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in dark ocean carbon fixation[J]. Science, 358(6366):1046-1051. pmid: 29170234
 | 
																													
																							| [28] | PALATINSZKY M, HERBOLD C, JEHMLICH N, et al, 2015. Cyanate as an energy source for nitrifiers[J]. Nature, 524(7563):105-108. doi: 10.1038/nature14856
																																					pmid: 26222031
 | 
																													
																							| [29] | PESTER M, MAIXNER F, BERRY D, et al, 2014. NxrB encoding the beta subunit of nitrite oxidoreductase as functional and phylogenetic marker for nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 16(10):3055-3071. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12300
																																					pmid: 24118804
 | 
																													
																							| [30] | PJEVAC P, SCHAUBERGER C, POGHOSYAN L, et al, 2017. AmoA-targeted polymerase chain reaction primers for the specific detection and quantification of Comammox Nitrospira in the environment[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8: 1508. pmid: 28824606
 | 
																													
																							| [31] | RANI S, KOH H W, RHEE S K, et al, 2016. Detection and diversity of the nitrite oxidoreductase alpha subunit (nxrA) gene of Nitrospina in marine sediments[J]. Microbial Ecology, 73(1):111-122. pmid: 27878347
 | 
																													
																							| [32] | SCHOTT J, GRIFFIN B M, SCHINK B, 2010. Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17[J]. Microbiology, 156(8):2428-2437. | 
																													
																							| [33] | SOROKIN D Y, LÜCKER S, VEJMELKOVA D, et al, 2012. Nitrification expanded: discovery, physiology and genomics of a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium from the phylum Chloroflexi[J]. The ISME Journal, 6(12):2245-2256. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.70
 | 
																													
																							| [34] | SPIECK E, HARTWIG C, MCCORMACK I, et al, 2006. Selective enrichment and molecular characterization of a previously uncultured Nitrospira-like bacterium from activated sludge[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 8(3):405-415. pmid: 16478447
 | 
																													
																							| [35] | SPIECK E, KEUTER S, WENZEL T, et al, 2014. Characterization of a new marine nitrite oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospina watsonii sp. nov., a member of the newly proposed phylum “Nitrospinae”[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 37(3):170-176. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.12.005
 | 
																													
																							| [36] | USHIKI N, FUJITANI H, AOI Y, et al, 2013. Isolation of Nitrospira belonging to Sublineage Ⅱ from a wastewater treatment plant[J]. Microbes and Environments, 28(3):346-353. doi: 10.1264/jsme2.me13042
																																					pmid: 24005844
 | 
																													
																							| [37] | VAN KESSEL M A H J, SPETH D R, ALBERTSEN M, et al, 2015. Complete nitrification by a single microorganism[J]. Nature, 528(7583):555-559. pmid: 26610025
 | 
																													
																							| [38] | WARD B B, CAPONE D G, ZEHR J P, 2007. What’s new in the nitrogen cycle?[J]. Oceanography, 20(2):101-109. | 
																													
																							| [39] | WATSON S W, WATERBURY J B, 1971. Characteristics of two marine nitrite oxidizing bacteria, Nitrospina gracilis nov. gen. nov. sp. and Nitrococcus mobilis nov. gen. nov. sp.[J]. Archiv Für Mikrobiologie, 77(3):203-230. | 
																													
																							| [40] | WATSON S W, BOCK E, VALOIS F W, et al, 1986. Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite- oxidizing bacterium[J]. Archives of Microbiology, 144(1):1-7. | 
																													
																							| [41] | XIA FEI, WANG JIANGONG, ZHU TING, et al, 2018. Ubiquity and Diversity of Complete Ammonia Oxidizers (Comammox)[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 84(24):e01390-18. pmid: 30315079
 | 
																													
																							| [42] | ZEHR J P, KUDELA R M, 2011. Nitrogen cycle of the open ocean: from genes to ecosystems[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 3: 197-225. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142819
																																					pmid: 21329204
 | 
																													
																							| [43] | ZHANG YAO, QIN WEI, HOU LEI, et al, 2020. Nitrifier adaptation to low energy flux controls inventory of reduced nitrogen in the dark ocean[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(9):4823-4830. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1912367117
																																					pmid: 32071230
 |