北部湾养殖牡蛎体内异养细菌数量及其耐药性研究

doi:10.11978/2020092

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated the quantity and antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in Crassostrea hongkongensis, which were collected from aquaculture zones with different mortality rates. Heterotrophic bacteria were cultivated and numbered, and their antibiotic resistance was explored by the Kirby-Bauer method. The results indicate that the highest number of heterotrophic bacteria [(8.6±0.4)×10 ⁶CFU·g^-1] and Vibrio [(9.5±0.4)×10 ⁵CFU·g^-1] occurred in the high-mortality farming zones. The medium number of heterotrophic bacteria [(6.9±0.2)×10⁶CFU·g^-1] and Vibrio [(4.5±0.6)×10 ⁵CFU·g^-1] occurred in the moderate-mortality farming zones. Heterotrophic bacteria [(3.3±0.1)×10⁶CFU·g^-1] and Vibrio [(2.5±0.6)×10 ⁵CFU·g^-1] had reached the least abundant in low-mortality farming areas. The antibiotic resistance happened mainly to gram-negative bacteria, especially with the highest resistance rate to β-lactams (penicillin) and glycopeptides (vancomycin), and the second to tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline). The lower resistance rates of antibiotics happened to aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin), macrolides (erythromycin) and quinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin). Multi-antibiotics-resistant bacteria accounted for 79.7% in high-mortality oysters, with a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance (48 antibiotics). Multi-antibiotics-resistant bacteria accounted for 66.2% in medium-mortality oysters, with resistance to 30 antibiotics. Heterotrophic bacteria with multi-antibiotics resistance in oysters from the low-mortality area accounted for 58.4%, with resistance to 17 kinds of antibiotic-resistant spectrum. The antibiotic resistance and number of heterotrophic bacteria may be related to the death of oysters. The resistant bacteria of high-mortality oysters were large in number and broad in antibiotic resistance spectrum. Quantity of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria in oysters from the low-mortality area were lower. The results reveal that the number of heterotrophic bacteria is positively correlated with the mortality rate of oysters.

Key words: Crassostrea hongkongensis, heterotrophic bacteria, antibiotic resistance, multi-antibiotics resistant, Vibrio

CLC Number:

S917.1

LI Bing, WANG Ruixuan, ZHANG Li, LUO Bang, MOU Hongli, WANG Jiangyong. The number and antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in Crassostrea hongkongensis in aquaculture areas of Beibu Gulf[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(4): 70-83.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab.1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Antibiotic resistance spectrum of heterotrophic bacteria in oysters in medium-mortality farming area"

序号	耐药谱																				谱型
序号	PEN	VAN	AMO	TET	STR	DOX	TOB	GEN	ERY	NEO	FLO	CLI	NOR		CIP		ENR		OFL		谱型
1	I	R	S	S	I	S	I	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M1
2	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M2
3	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M2
4	R	R	S	S	I	S	S	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M3
5	R	I	S	I	I	I	I	R	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M4
6	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
7	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
8	R	R	I	I	S	I	I	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
9	R	R	I	I	I	I	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
10	R	R	S	S	I	I	I	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
11	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
12	R	R	S	S	S	I	I	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
13	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
14	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
15	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
16	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
17	R	R	S	S	I	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
18	R	R	S	S	I	I	I	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
19	R	R	S	S	I	I	I	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
20	R	R	S	S	S	I	S	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
21	R	R	S	I	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
22	R	R	S	S	S	I	I	I	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
23	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M5
24	R	S	R	I	S	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M6
25	R	S	R	I	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	R		S		I		S		M6
26	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
27	R	R	R	I	S	I	S	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
28	R	R	R	S	I	I	S	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
29	R	R	R	I	S	I	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
30	R	R	R	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
31	R	R	R	I	S	I	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
32	R	R	R	S	I	S	I	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
33	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
34	R	R	R	I	S	I	I	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
35	R	R	R	I	S	I	I	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
36	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M7
37	R	R	I	I	R	S	S	S	I	I	S	S	S		S		S		S		M8
38	R	R	S	S	I	S	S	S	R	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		M9
序号	耐药谱																			谱型
序号	PEN	VAN	AMO	TET	STR	DOX	TOB	GEN	ERY	NEO	FLO	CLI	NOR	CIP		ENR		OFL		谱型
39	R	R	S	I	I	I	I	R	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M10
40	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	R	I	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		M10
41	I	R	S	I	I	I	I	R	I	R	S	S	S	S		S		S		M11
42	I	R	S	R	S	R	I	S	I	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		M12
43	R	R	S	I	R	S	R	S	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M13
44	R	R	S	I	I	R	I	I	I	R	S	S	S	S		I		S		M14
45	R	R	I	R	I	R	I	S	I	S	I	I	S	S		I		S		M15
46	R	R	S	R	I	R	S	S	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M15
47	I	R	S	I	S	R	I	R	I	S	R	S	S	S		I		S		M16
48	I	S	S	R	I	R	I	R	R	S	I	S	S	S		I		I		M17
49	R	R	R	I	I	I	S	S	R	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M18
50	R	R	R	R	S	I	S	S	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M19
51	R	R	R	R	S	I	I	S	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M19
52	R	R	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M19
53	R	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		M19
54	R	R	R	R	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	S	S	I		I		S		M19
55	R	R	S	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		M20
56	R	R	S	I	I	R	R	R	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M21
57	R	R	R	R	I	R	I	I	I	I	S	S	S	S		I		S		M22
58	R	R	R	R	S	R	S	S	I	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		M23
59	R	R	R	R	S	R	I	I	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M23
60	R	R	R	R	R	R	I	S	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M24
61	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		M24
62	R	R	R	R	R	R	I	S	I	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		M24
63	R	R	R	R	I	R	R	I	I	I	I	I	S	I		I		S		M25
64	R	R	S	S	I	R	R	R	I	R	S	S	S	S		S		S		M26
65	I	R	I	R	R	R	I	R	I	I	S	S	S	S		R		S		M27
66	R	R	R	R	R	I	S	R	R	I	S	I	S	S		S		S		M28
67	R	R	R	R	R	R	I	I	I	I	I	S	S	I		R		I		M29
68	R	R	I	R	S	R	I	S	R	S	R	S	S	R		I		R		M30

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Antibiotic resistance spectrum of heterotrophic bacteria in oysters in high-mortality farming area"

序号	耐药谱																						谱型
序号	PEN	VAN	AMO	TET	STR	DOX	TOB	GEN	ERY	NEO	FLO		CLI		NOR		CIP		ENR		OFL		谱型
1	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D1
2	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D1
3	I	R	S	S	I	S	S	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D2
4	I	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D2
5	I	R	S	S	I	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D2
6	I	S	S	S	R	S	S	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D3
7	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	R	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D4
8	R	R	S	S	I	S	S	I	I	I	S		S		S		S		I		S		D5
9	R	R	S	I	I	S	I	I	I	I	S		S		S		S		S		S		D5
10	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D5
11	R	R	I	I	I	S	S	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D5
12	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D5
13	R	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D5
14	R	R	S	S	I	S	R	I	I	I	S		S		S		S		S		S		D6
15	R	R	S	S	R	S	I	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D7
16	R	R	I	R	S	S	S	S	I	S	I		S		S		S		S		S		D8
17	R	R	R	I	S	I	I	I	I	I	S		S		S		S		S		S		D9
18	R	R	S	I	S	S	S	S	R	I	S		S		S		S		S		S		D10
19	R	R	S	I	S	S	R	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D11
20	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	I	I	R	S		S		S		S		S		S		D12
21	R	R	S	S	I	S	I	S	R	I	S		S		S		S		S		S		D13
22	I	R	S	R	S	R	S	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D14
23	R	R	S	I	I	R	I	S	I	I	S		S		S		S		S		S		D15
24	R	R	S	I	S	R	S	I	R	I	S		S		S		S		S		S		D16
25	R	R	I	R	I	R	S	S	I	S	S		S		I		S		S		S		D17
26	R	S	R	R	S	I	R	S	S	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D18
27	R	R	R	R	I	I	I	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D19
28	R	S	S	S	R	S	S	S	I	S	S		R		R		I		S		S		D20
29	I	S	I	I	R	S	R	R	S	R	S		S		R		I		I		S		D21
30	I	I	I	I	R	S	R	R	S	R	S		S		R		I		I		S		D21
31	R	I	I	I	R	I	R	R	S	R	S		S		I		I		I		S		D22
32	R	R	R	R	I	S	S	S	I	S	I		R		I		S		S		S		D23
33	R	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	I	S	S		S		R		I		S		S		D24
34	R	R	R	R	R	S	I	S	I	S	I		S		S		S		S		S		D25
35	R	R	R	R	R	I	S	I	I	I	I		I		S		S		S		S		D25
36	R	R	R	R	S	R	I	S	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D26
37	I	R	S	I	S	R	R	R	R	S	S		S		S		S		S		S		D26
38	R	I	I	I	R	S	R	R	I	R	S		S		R		I		I		S		D27
39	R	R	R	R	S	S	S	S	R	S	R		R		S		S		S		S		D28
40	R	I	I	I	R	S	R	R	S	R	S		S		R		I		I		S		D29
41	R	S	I	I	R	S	R	R	S	R	S		S		R		I		I		S		D29
42	R	R	R	I	R	S	S	S	R	S	R		S		S		I		S		S		D30
43	R	R	S	R	S	R	S	S	R	S	R		S		S		S		S		S		D31
44	I	R	S	R	R	R	I	S	R	R	S		I		S		S		I		S		D31
45	R	S	I	I	R	I	R	R	I	R	S		S		R		I		I		S		D32
序号	耐药谱																					谱型
序号	PEN	VAN	AMO	TET	STR	DOX	TOB	GEN	ERY	NEO	FLO	CLI		NOR		CIP		ENR		OFL		谱型
46	R	R	R	I	S	I	S	S	R	S	R	R		S		S		S		S		D34
47	I	R	S	R	R	S	R	R	I	S	S	R		S		S		S		S		D35
48	R	S	R	I	R	I	R	R	S	R	S	S		R		I		I		S		D36
49	R	R	R	R	S	I	S	S	R	S	R	R		S		S		I		S		D37
50	R	R	R	R	I	I	S	S	R	S	R	R		S		S		S		S		D37
51	R	R	R	I	R	S	S	S	R	S	R	R		S		S		S		S		D38
52	R	R	R	S	R	S	S	S	R	S	R	R		S		S		S		S		D38
53	R	R	R	R	R	R	I	S	R	I	S	S		S		S		S		S		D39
54	R	R	R	R	R	S	S	S	R	S	R	R		S		S		I		S		D40
55	R	R	S	R	R	I	R	R	R	S	S	R		S		S		S		S		D41
56	I	I	R	R	S	R	I	R	R	S	S	R		R		R		I		I		D41
57	R	I	R	R	R	S	R	R	I	R	S	S		R		R		S		S		D42
58	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	S	I		I		I		S		S		D43
59	R	R	R	I	R	S	R	R	S	R	S	S		R		R		I		S		D44
60	R	R	R	R	R	R	I	S	I	R	S	S		R		R		I		S		D45
61	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	S	R	S	R	R		S		S		S		S		D46
62	R	I	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	R	S	I		R		R		R		I		D47
63	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	S	S	I	R	R		R		R		R		R		D48
64	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	S	S	I	R	R		R		R		R		R		D48

Tab. 5

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	牡蛎死亡率	弧菌数量
牡蛎死亡率	1	0.936*	0.996*
弧菌数量		1	0.903*
异养细菌数量			1

高死亡率区		中死亡率区		低死亡率区
种属	数量	种属	数量	种属	数量
弧菌属 (Vibrio)	14	发光杆菌属 (Photobacterium)	33	弧菌属 (Vibrio)	13
发光杆菌属 (Photobacterium)	7	弧菌属 (Vibrio)	25	发光杆菌属 (Photobacterium)	4
大洋单胞菌属 (Oceanimonas )	8	海单胞菌属 (Marinomonas)	5	不动杆菌属 (Acinetobacter)	3
类香味菌属 (Myroides)	7	大洋单胞菌属 (Oceanimonas)	2	黄杆菌属 (Flavobactrium)	2
海单胞菌属 (Marinomonas)	7	希瓦氏菌属 (Shewanella)	2	芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)	1
藤杆菌属 (Tenacibaculum)	6	芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)	1	希瓦氏菌属 (Shewanella)	1
希瓦氏菌属 (Shewanella)	4
假单胞菌属 (Pseudomonas)	3
短波单胞菌属 (Brevundimonas)	3
不动杆菌属 (Acinetobacter)	2
假黄色单胞菌属 (Pseudoxanthomonas)	1
芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)	1
海盐单胞菌属 (Halomona)	1

The number and antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in Crassostrea hongkongensis in aquaculture areas of Beibu Gulf

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