基于沿岸自动气象站的台湾海峡西岸海雾生消过程及特征*

doi:10.11978/2023050

Abstract

Abstract:

A severe sea fog occurred in the West Side of the Taiwan Strait from 8PM April 19, 2019 to 7AM April 26, 2019. Based on the coastline automatic weather station, the generation and dissipation law of sea fog was studied. Sea fog occurred from 2AM to 8AM, and the closer the generation time is to the early morning, the shorter the duration. Sea fog is mostly generated locally, some stations are formed for the purpose of propagation, and there is little correlation between north and south sea fog. The visibility decreased rapidly before the sea fog occurred and increased rapidly after the fog dissipated. When sea fog formatted LST-T (LST, land surface temperature; T, temperature) between −1.7~2℃, LST-Td (dewpoint temperature, Td) between 1~2.7℃, T-Td between 0.2~1℃. During the sea fog maintenance period, RH (relative humility) ≥ 96%. Under the background of abundant water vapor, the formation and development of sea fog are closely related to wind speed and weakly related to wind direction. Combined with Himawari-8 satellite image and ERA5 reanalysis data, the characteristics of this sea fog process was analyzed. Satellite images show the extent of the process and the characteristics of occurrence and dissipation. Circulation analysis indicated that this sea fog event occurred under the control of weak southwest flow at 500 hPa, while at 850 hPa and 925 hPa Fujian was affected by southwest airflow, bringing abundant water vapor. According to the analysis of the sea and air conditions, the type of sea fog was advection fog.

Key words: sea fog, automatic weather station, three temperature differences, west side of the strait

LIAO Kuo, LI Kailin, DANG Haofei, LIN Bin, ZHAO Dongzhi, LI Hui. Process and characteristics of occurrence and dissipation of sea fog in the west coast of the Taiwan Strait based on coastal automatic weather station^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(1): 79-93.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab.1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 2

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

References 44

[1]	白彬人, 2006. 中国近海沿岸海雾规律特征、机理及年际变化的研究[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学.
	BAI BINREN, 2006. The character, mechanisms and interannual variation of China inshore sea fog[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science Technology (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]	陈千盛, 1986. 台湾岛和福建沿岸的雾[J]. 台湾海峡, 5(2): 101-106.
	CHEN QIANSHENG, 1986. Fog over Taiwan island and Fujian coast[J]. Taiwan Strait, 5(2): 101-106 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	陈玉珍, 黄玉藻, 1999. 湄洲湾海雾的初步分析[J]. 台湾海峡, 18(1): 49-54.
	CHEN YUZHEN, HUAN YUZAO, 1999. A preliminary analysis of maritime fog in Meizhouwan Bay[J]. Taiwan Strait, 18(1): 49-54 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]	郭丽君, 郭学良, 2016. 北京2009-2013年期间持续性大雾的类型、垂直结构及物理成因[J]. 大气科学, 40(2): 296-310.
	GUO LIJUN, GUO XUELIANG, 2016. The type, vertical structure and physical formation mechanism of persistent heavy fog events during 2009-2013 in the Beijing region[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 40(2): 296-310 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	韩美, 高珊, 曾瑾瑜, 等, 2016. 台湾海峡西岸海雾研究现状与未来发展方向[J]. 气象科技, 44(6): 928-937.
	HAN MEI, GAO SHEN, ZENG JINYU, et al, 2016. Status and development direction of sea fog research in western side of Taiwan Strait[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 44(6): 928-936 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]	郝姝馨, 2022. 基于新一代静止气象卫星的夜间海雾跟踪监测与分析研究[D]. 南京: 南京大学.
	HAO SHUXIN, 2022. Tracking and monitoring of sea fog based on the new generation geostationary meteorological satellite[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	何秀恋, 林荣惠, 王双才, 等, 2012. 福建南部一次初春大雾过程分析[J]. 海洋预报, 29(4): 60-64.
	HE XIULIAN, LIN RONGHUI, WANG SHUANGCAI, et al, 2012. Analysis of an early spring fog in the southern Fujian[J]. Marine Forecast, 29(4): 60-64 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	胡晨悦, 丘仲锋, 廖廓, 等, 2023. 福建海雾的CALIOP遥感监测及基于Himawari-8的云下雾光谱特征分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 42(4): 104-112.
	HU CHENYUE, QIU ZHONGFENG, LIAO KUO, et al, 2022. CALIOP remote sensing monitoring of the Fujian sea fog and spectral characteristics analysis of subcloud fog based on Himawari-8[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 42(4): 104-112 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	黄彬, 郭云谦, 张增海, 2014. 海雾历史检索数据库的设计和实现[J]. 气象科技, 42(1): 94-98.
	HUANG BIN, GUO YUNQIAN, ZHANG ZENGHAI, 2014. Design and visualization of a sea fog historical search database[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 42(1): 94-98 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]	黄辉军, 黄健, 刘春霞, 等, 2013. 用近地层温差因子改进广东沿海海雾区域预报[J]. 热带气象学报, 29(6): 907-914.
	HUANG HUIJUN, HUANG JIAN, LIU CHUNXIA, et al, 2013. Improvement of regional prediction of marine fog on Guangdong coastland using the factor of temperature difference of the surface layer[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 29(6): 907-914 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]	黄惠镕, 韩美, 潘宁, 等, 2019. 福建一次春季海雾的边界层特征及其成因分析[J]. 海峡科学, 147(3): 12-15+25 (in Chinese).
[12]	李昀英, 王汉杰, 2000. 台湾海峡地区雾形成的天气类型分析[J]. 热带海洋, 19(4): 65-70.
	LI YUNYING, WANG HANJIE, 2000. A synoptic analysis on fog formation in Taiwan Strait[J]. Tropical Oceanography, 19(4): 65-70 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]	廖晨菲, 冯志明, 高聪晖, 等, 2022. 福建沿海一次持续性海雾过程的边界层特征分析[J]. 海峡科学, 187(7): 9-13 (in Chinese).
[14]	林丽萱, 郑中凯, 郑颖青, 等, 2021. 2014-2020年福州地区沿岸雾日特征分析[J]. 海峡科学, 174(6): 44-46 (in Chinese).
[15]	林卫华, 蒋荣复, 王正廷, 2008. 湄洲湾海雾的发生规律和成因分析[J]. 海洋学研究, 26(3): 71-76.
	LIN WEIHUA, JIANG RONGFU, WANG ZHENGTING, 2008. Analysis of the occurrence and origin of heavy fog in Meizhouwan Bay[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 26(3): 71-76 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]	马治国, 张春桂, 陈家金, 等, 2011. 福建省沿海雾的气候变化特征分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 32(增1): 69-73.
	MA ZHIGUO, ZHANG CHUNGUI, CHEN JIAJIN, et al, 2011. Analysis on climate characteristics of coastal fog in Fujian Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 32(增1): 69-73 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]	孟宪贵, 郭俊建, 韩永清, 2018. ERA5再分析数据适用性初步评估[J]. 海洋气象学报, 38(1): 91-99.
	MEMG XIANGUI, CUO JUNJIAN, HAN YONGQING, 2018. Preliminarily assessment of ERA5 reanalysis data[J]. Journal of Marine Meteorology, 38(1): 91-99 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]	牛生杰, 陆春松, 吕晶晶, 等, 2016. 近年来中国雾研究进展[J]. 气象科技进展, 6(2): 6-19.
	NIU SHENGJIE, LU CHUNSONG, LV JINGJING, et al, 2016. Advances in fog research in China[J]. Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology, 6(2): 6-19 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]	苏鸿明, 1998. 台湾海峡海雾的气候分析[J]. 台湾海峡, 17(1): 25-28.
	SU HONGMING, 1998. Climatic analysis of fog in Taiwan Strait[J]. Taiwan Strait, 17(1): 25-28 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]	涂石飞, 韩利国, 徐峰, 等, 2019. 华南海雾研究进展[J]. 海洋气象学报, 39(4): 12-20.
	TU SHIFEI, HAN LIGUO, XU FENG, et al, 2019. Research progress on sea fog over South China[J]. Journal of Marine Meteorology, 39(4): 12-20 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]	王彬华, 1983. 海雾[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社 (in Chinese).
[22]	王博妮, 张雪蓉, 濮梅娟, 等, 2019. 一次平流雾的形成和传播特征研究[J]. 气象, 45(3): 395-406.
	WANG BONI, ZHANG XUERONG, PU MEIJUAN, et al, 2019. Characteristics of the formation and spread of an advection fog[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 45(3): 395-406 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]	翁国玲, 黄志刚, 陈宏, 等, 2015. 1961—2010年平潭大雾的年际特征及雾季环流分析[J]. 海洋预报, 32(1): 79-86.
	WENG GUOLING, HUANG ZHIGANG, CHEN HONG, et al, 2015. Interannaul variation of fog in Pingtan island and the analysis of spring circulation in 1961—2010[J]. Marine Forecast, 32(1): 79-86 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]	肖艳芳, 张杰, 崔廷伟, 等, 2017. 海雾卫星遥感监测研究进展[J]. 海洋科学, 41(12): 146-154.
	XIAO YANFANG, ZHANG JIE, CUI TINGWEI, et al, 2017. Review of sea fog detection from satellite remote sensing data[J]. Marine Sciences, 41(12): 146-154 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]	衣立, 2015. 黄海海雾/层云的空间分布及云底高度遥感方法研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学.
	YI LI, 2015. Spatio-temporal detection of sea fog/stratus and cloud base height over Yellow Sea with satellite data-A feasibility study[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China (in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]	张春桂, 蔡义勇, 张加春, 2009. MODIS遥感数据在我国台湾海峡海雾监测中的应用[J]. 应用气象学报, 20(1): 8-16.
	ZHANG CHUNGUI, CAI YIYONG, ZHANG JIACHUN, 2009. The application of monitoring sea fog in Taiwan Strait using MODIS remote sensing data[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 20(1): 8-16 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]	张春桂, 何金德, 马治国, 2013. 福建沿海海雾的卫星遥感监测[J]. 中国农业气象, 34(3): 366-373.
	ZHANG CHUNGUI, HE JINDE, MA ZHIGUO, 2013. Remote sensing monitor of sea fog in Fujian coastal region[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 34(3): 366-373 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]	张春桂, 林炳青, 2018. 基于FY-2E卫星数据的福建沿海海雾遥感监测[J]. 自然资源遥感, 30(1): 7-13.
	ZHANG CHUNGUI, LIN BINGQING, 2018. Application of FY-2E data to remote sensing monitoring of sea fog in Fujian coastal region[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 30(1): 7-13 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]	张苏平, 刘飞, 孔扬, 2014. 一次春季黄海海雾和东海层云关系的研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 45(2): 341-352.
	ZHANG SUPING, LIU FEI, KONG YANG, 2014. Remote relationship in origination of sea fog in East China Sea to the stratus in Yellow Sea in spring[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Science, 45(2): 341-352 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[30]	张伟, 陈德花, 胡雅君, 等, 2021. 闽南沿海一次春季海雾过程微物理特征分析[J]. 气象, 47(2): 157-169.
	ZHANG WEI, CHEN DEHUA, HU YAJUN, et al, 2021. Microphysical structure analysis of a spring sea fog event in southern coastal area of Fujian[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 47(2): 157-169 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[31]	张曦, 牛生杰, 魏锦成, 等, 2016. 厦门春季海雾天气分类及典型个例宏微观结构分析[J]. 气象科学, 36(1): 121-127.
	ZHANG XI, NIU SHENGJIE, WEI JINCHENG, et al, 2016. Classification and case study of macro and micro structures of spring sea fog in Xiamen[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 36(1): 121-127 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[32]	张悦, 樊曙先, 张舒婷, 等, 2015. 海峡西岸一次雾过程微结构及其起伏特征研究[J]. 热带气象学报, 31(3): 385-394.
	ZHANG YUE, FAN SHUXIAN, ZHANG SHUTING, et al, 2015. The microstructure and characteristics of fluctuation of a sea fog along the west coast of Taiwan Strait[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 31(3): 385-394 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[33]	张振顺, 李岩招, 蔡世旺, 2015. 闽东海雾观测及其预报[J]. 科技创新与生产力, (7): 54-56 (in Chinese).
[34]	郑凤琴, 周绍毅, 韦晶晶, 等, 2020. 北部湾海雾特点及海陆大雾差异分析[J]. 气象科技, 48(5): 717-722.
	ZHENG FENGQIN, ZHOU SHAOYI, WEI JINGJING, et al, 2020. Characteristics of sea fogs in Beibu Gulf and differences between heavy fogs over sea and land[J]. Meteorological Science Technology, 48(5): 717-722 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[35]	郑泽华, 张伟, 陈德花, 2021. 2020年5月5日凌晨福建中南沿海海雾过程特征及成因分析[J]. 海峡科学, 171(3): 3-10 (in Chinese).
[36]	中国气象局, QX/T113-2010. 霾的观测和预报等级[S]. 北京: 气象出版社.
	China Meteorological Administration, 2010. Observation and forecasting levels of haze[S]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press (in Chinese).
[37]	周发琇, 1988. 海雾及其分类[J]. 海洋预报, (1): 78-84 (in Chinese).
[38]	HERSBACH H, BELL B, BERRISFORD P, et al, 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730): 1999-2049. doi: 10.1002/qj.v146.730
[39]	HOFFMANN L, GÜNTHER G, LI D, et al, 2019. From ERA-Interim to ERA5: the considerable impact of ECMWF's next-generation reanalysis on Lagrangian transport simulations[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19(5): 3097-3124.
[40]	LEIPPER D F, 1994. Fog on the U. S. west coast: a review[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 75(2): 229-240. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0229:FOTUWC>2.0.CO;2
[41]	LI YONGPING, ZHENG YUNXIA, 2015. Analysis of atmospheric turbulence in the upper layers of sea fog[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33(3): 809-818. doi: 10.1007/s00343-015-4030-0
[42]	TSAI I C, HSIEH P R, CHEUNG H C, et al, 2021. Aerosol impacts on fog microphysics over the western side of Taiwan Strait in April from 2015 to 2017[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 262: 118523. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118523
[43]	YANG LIU, LIU JING-WU, REN ZHAO-PENG, et al, 2018. Atmospheric conditions for advection-radiation fog over the western Yellow Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(10): 5455-5468. doi: 10.1029/2017JD028088
[44]	YEH N-C, CHEN W-J, LIU G-R, et al, 2016. Winter sea fog detection using TRMM microwave measurements over the Taiwan Strait[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 24(4): 851-863.

站号	次数	海雾时间	海雾生成时间	海雾消亡时间	海雾持续时间/h
59321	1	4月19日23时—20日07时	19日20时	20日10时	9
	2	4月20日22时—21日08时	20日19时	21日11时	11
	3	4月22日06时—22日08时	22日03时	22日11时	3
59133	1	4月20日03时—20日07时	20日00时	20日10时	5
	2	4月21日02时—21日07时	20日23时	21日08时	6
	3	4月23日06时—23日08时	23日03时	23日11时	3
	4	4月24日03时—24日10时	24日00时	24日13时	8
	5	4月25日03时—25日09时	25日00时	25日12时	7
58938	1	4月20日04时—20日07时	20日01时	20日10时	4
	2	4月21日06时—21日08时	21日03时	21日11时	3
	3	4月24日07时—24日09时	24日04时	24日12时	3
	4	4月25日05时—25日08时	25日02时	25日11时	4
58850	1	4月22日00时—22日04时	21日21时	22日07时	5
58850	2	4月26日00时—26日04时	25日21时	26日07时	5

站点	生消过程	LST-T变化区间	LST-Td变化区间	T-Td变化区间
59321	生成前	-1.7~0.4	-1~0.7	0.3~0.7
	过程中	-0.1~2.2	-0.6~5.6	0~0.5
	消亡后	2.4~16.8	2.7~19.7	0.3~2.9
59133	生成前	-1.5~0.3	-0.8~1.1	0.5~0.8
	过程中	-0.4~10.1	0~10.4	0~0.7
	消亡后	1.7~14.8	2.2~16.4	0.3~1.9
58938	生成前	0.0~0.5	0.2~0.8	0.2~0.3
	过程中	0.2~0.4	0.4~0.7	0.2~0.3
	消亡后	1~7.9	1.2~10.1	0.2~2.3
58850	生成前	-0.7~2	-0.2~2.7	0.7~1
	过程中	0~0.9	0.7~1.8	0.5~0.7
	消亡后	0~1.3	0.5~1.8	0.5~0.5

Process and characteristics of occurrence and dissipation of sea fog in the west coast of the Taiwan Strait based on coastal automatic weather station^*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 44

Related Articles 3

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	WANG Yu, HU Chenyue, QIU Zhongfeng, ZHAO Dongzhi, WU Daomao, LIAO Kuo. Research on the multi-source satellite daytime sea fog detection technology based on cloud characteristics* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(6): 15-28.
[2]	HU Chenyue, QIU Zhongfeng, LIAO Kuo, ZHAO Dongzhi, WU Daomao. CALIOP remote sensing monitoring of the Fujian sea fog and spectral characteristics analysis of subcloud fog based on Himawari-8 [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 104-112.
[3]	YANG Qi, OU Jian-jun, LI Yong-ping. An objective forecast method for sea fog over the Yangshan Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2013, 32(5): 59-64.

Process and characteristics of occurrence and dissipation of sea fog in the west coast of the Taiwan Strait based on coastal automatic weather station*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 44

Related Articles 3

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

Process and characteristics of occurrence and dissipation of sea fog in the west coast of the Taiwan Strait based on coastal automatic weather station^*