三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究*

doi:10.11978/2023086

Abstract

Abstract:

Scleractinian corals are key functional organisms in the coral reef ecosystem, and are secondary protected wild animals in China. The decline of their population has attracted widespread attention, and the protection of scleractinian corals and the coral reef ecosystem has been gradually strengthened in recent years. Coastal projects threat the coral reefs nearby by causing serious impacts on scleractinian corals, and protective relocation of affected corals is needed to reduce the impacts of projects. In order to study the relocation method of corals in Hainan tropical waters and the effect of relocation protection, we relocated and monitored the scleractinian corals that were impacted by coastal project. A total of 16, 634 corals were relocated, including 18 genera of coral specie. 6, 210 corals were relocated to the Luhuitou Reef, and 10, 424 corals were relocated to the West Island Reef. The transplantation methods include nail transplantation, small artificial reef transplantation and direct placement. After 8 months of relocation, the coral survival rate was above 80% in both the Luhuitou reef and West Island, except the direct placement of coral individuals in the West Island decreased to 76%. Combining each relocation method with the number of corals in the transplantation site, the total survival rate of relocated corals after 8 months of relocation was 86.24%. The results of the two surveys showed that the nail transplantation method had the highest survival rate, and the small artificial reef transplantation and direct placement had slightly lower survival rates. The corals relocated to West Island grew an average of 3.03 cm in 8 months, with a growth rate of 23.31%, while the corals relocated to Luhuitou grew 6.15 cm in average, with a growth rate of 58.74%, which is higher than that of the West Island corals. Eight months after relocation, the survival rates of the three transplantation methods were all above 75%, indicating that the corals are well adapted to the environment of the relocated areas. From the above results, the effect of this coral relocation achieved the purpose of protecting the scleractinian corals affected by coastal project, which can provide important experience for the future coral conservation.

Key words: scleractinian coral, coral reef conservation, coral relocation, Sanya coral reef, Fenghuang Island

ZHANG Yuyang, LIU Chengyue, YU Xiaolei, LUO Yong, ZHOU Tiancheng, LIAN Jiansheng, HUANG Hui. Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 177-186.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 26

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环境条件	备选迁入地
环境条件	鹿回头	西岛	东岛	小东海
运输距离	距离迁出地4km	距离迁出地12km	距离迁出地8km	需绕行鹿回头半岛, 距离约10km
人类活动	渔业活动少, 主要为零星渔民进入钓鱼	西侧渔业活动少, 有旅游公司进行监管	渔业活动多	赶潮的游客数量多, 有渔民捕鱼
污染排放	无污染排放	有污水处理后排放	无污染排放	有污水处理后排放
珊瑚礁	珊瑚礁沿海岸分布较广	西侧珊瑚礁发育较好	珊瑚礁发育较好	珊瑚礁沿海岸分布较广
敌害生物	有少量核果螺分布	有核果螺和少量长棘海星分布	有核果螺和少量长棘海星分布	有核果螺分布

活珊瑚覆盖率	面积/m²
≥50%	176.7
40%~50%	12073.3
30%~40%	11930
20%~30%	17180
10%~20%	24433
<10%	45784

区域	深度/m	石珊瑚种数	区域优势种	全区域优势种
1号	1	1	指状蔷薇珊瑚	指状蔷薇珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、角孔珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚、累积滨珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚
	2	4	指状蔷薇珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、滨珊瑚
	4	12	澄黄滨珊瑚、角孔珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、龟岛蔷薇珊瑚
	6	4	肾形陀螺珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、柱形筛珊瑚
2号	1	1	指状蔷薇珊瑚
	2	8	鹿角杯形珊瑚、指状蔷薇珊瑚、横错蔷薇珊瑚、佳丽鹿角珊瑚
	3	16	累积滨珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚、风信子鹿角珊瑚
	5	9	累积滨珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、彰显鹿角珊瑚
	6	2	板叶牡丹珊瑚、角孔珊瑚
3号	1	2	指状蔷薇珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚
	2	17	鹿角杯形珊瑚、指状蔷薇珊瑚、佳丽鹿角珊瑚、美丽鹿角珊瑚
	3	17	鹿角杯形珊瑚、斯氏角孔珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚
	4	13	角孔珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚
4号	2	11	鹿角杯形珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚
	3	11	角孔珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚
	4	15	鹿角杯形珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、翼形蔷薇珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚

珊瑚类群	迁入数/株
珊瑚类群	西岛	鹿回头	总计
鹿角珊瑚属Acropora	3650	3195	6845
牡丹珊瑚属Pavona	4337	2000	6337
滨珊瑚属Porites	740	28	768
沙珊瑚属Psammocora	629	166	795
蔷薇珊瑚属Montipora	402	348	750
陀螺珊瑚属Turbinaria	372	246	618
角孔珊瑚属Goniopora	129	74	203
刺柄珊瑚属Hydnophora	45	27	72
扁脑珊瑚属Platygyra	48	28	76
刺星珊瑚属Cyphastrea	23	11	34
角蜂巢珊瑚属Favites	21	35	56
足柄珊瑚属Podabacia	12	13	25
纹叶珊瑚属Fimbriaphyllia	5	0	5
西沙珊瑚属Coeloseris mayeri	5	0	5
盘星珊瑚属Dipsastraea	3	18	21
石芝珊瑚属Fungia	3	0	3
肠珊瑚属Leptoria	0	5	5
筛珊瑚属Coscinaraea	0	16	16
总计	10424	6210	16634

Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya^*

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Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya*

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Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya^*