Fig. 1

Tectonic geological map of the Java Plate margin in the eastern Indian Ocean. The white dotted lines represent magnetic anomaly lineation, the yellow solid lines denote wide-angle seismic lines, and the red solid lines indicate multi-channel reflection seismic lines; the white arrows show the direction of plate convergence"

Fig. 2

Structural overview across the Roo Rise and the Argo Abyssal Plain in the eastern Indian Ocean (modified after Planert et al, 2010; Kopp, 2011, 2013; Shulgin et al, 2011). In the figure, light yellow marks the sedimentary layer, light grey represents the subducting oceanic crust, medium grey denotes the forearc backstop/crust, and dark grey indicates the mantle. The grey lines are contour lines of velocity, which gradually increase downward"

Fig. 3

Seafloor bathymetry showing the tectonics and topography along the Java Plate margin in the eastern Indian Ocean"

Fig. 4

Reflection seismic profiles showing the influence of different structures of subducting oceanic crusts on forearc deformation (after Xia et al, 2023). (a) Seismic line BGR06_303 offshore Bali and its interpretation; (b) seismic line BGR06_311 offshore Sumbawa and its interpretation; (c) slump and deformation associated with subducting ridge"

Fig. 5

Variation of the geometry of overlaying plate basements on different profiles from west to east in the study area (profile positions are shown in Fig. 1, modified after Xia et al, 2023)"

Fig. 6

Free-air gravity anomalies of the forearc area showing the characteristics and variations of different tectonic zones in the study area"

Fig. 7

Locations and focal mechanisms of earthquakes with magnitude ≥3 at depths < 25 km in the Java subduction zone"