天然气水合物稳定带内流体压裂计算的程序耦合方法

doi:10.11978/2019048

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrates-filled discrete fractures have been observed within the gas chimney structure in marine gas hydrate stability zone worldwide. It indicates that naturally hydraulic fracturing process and stimulated fluid flow have occurred in the gas hydrate stability zone. Gas production can benefit from artificially hydraulic fracturing within the methane hydrate reservoir. There can be a change in fracture aperture during the gas production from the methane hydrate reservoir. In return, the evolution of the fracture network has effects on the gas production process. While quite a few researchers have developed codes for modelling the coupled process between hydrate dissociation and elastoplastic deformation, currently there is no numerical tool to investigate the coupled process between fracture network evolution and gas production. Here, we couple TOUGH+Hydrate codes with the already coupled IC-FERST and Solidity codes in order to simulate the hydraulic fracturing process within the gas hydrate stability zone. We run an example in which the pressure around a borehole will be increased to create hydraulic fracturing within the gas hydrate stability zone. The coupling method, with additional improvements in the future, can be used to simulate the coupled process between fracture network evolution and gas production.

Key words: gas hydrate, hydraulic fracturing, numerical tool, coupling method

CLC Number:

P736

LIU Jinlong, WANG Shuhong, Asiri Obeysekara, XIANG Jiansheng, Pablo Salinas, Christopher Pain, Jonny Rutqvist, YAN Wen. Codes coupling method for simulating hydraulic fracturing within the gas hydrate stability zone[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(1): 94-105.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Model equations and parameterizations for thermal conductivity, capillary pressure and relative permeability"

方程或参数名称	表达式或数值	参考文献
沉积物热导率模型	$\begin{align} & {{K}_{\Theta }}=\left( 1-{{\phi }_{0}} \right){{K}_{\text{dry}}}+ \\ & {{\phi }_{0}}\left( {{S}_{\text{a}}}{{K}_{\text{a}}}+{{S}_{\text{h}}}{{K}_{\text{h}}}+{{S}_{\text{g}}}{{K}_{\text{g}}} \right) \\ \end{align}$	Liu et al, 2007; Smith et al, 2014; Gupta et al, 2015
沉积物颗粒的热导率${{K}_{\text{dry}}}$/($\text{W}\cdot {{\text{m}}^{-\text{1}}}\cdot {{\text{K}}^{-\text{1}}}$)	3.61
因水合物存在而引起的渗透率降低模型	${{k}_{\text{rS}}}={{\left[ \frac{{{\phi }_{0}}\left( 1-{{S}_{\text{h}}} \right)-{{\phi }_{\text{c}}}}{{{\phi }_{0}}-{{\phi }_{\text{c}}}} \right]}^{{{n}_{\text{H}}}}}$	Moridis et al, 2008; Stone, 1970
基质沉积物中的临界孔隙度${{\phi }_{\text{c}}}$	0.01
裂隙中的临界孔隙度${{\phi }_{\text{c}}}$	0.0
基质沉积物中的渗透率降低指数${{n}_{\text{H}}}$	11.1	Kossel et al, 2018
裂隙中的渗透率降低指数${{n}_{\text{H}}}$	3.0
存在水合物时的毛细管压力模型	${{P}_{\text{cap}}}=\sqrt{\frac{1-{{S}_{\text{h}}}}{{{k}_{\text{rS}}}}}{{P}_{\text{cap,00}}}$	Moridis et al, 2008
不存在水合物时的毛细管压力模型 (Van Genuchten模型)	${{P}_{\text{cap,00}}}=-{{P}_{0}}{{\left[ {{\left( {{S}^{}} \right)}^{-{1}/{\lambda }\;}}-1 \right]}^{1-\lambda }}$ ${{S}^{}}={\left( {{S}_{\text{a}}}-{{S}_{\text{irA}}} \right)}/{\left( {{S}_{\text{mxA}}}-{{S}_{\text{irA}}} \right)}\;$	Moridis et al, 2008; Van Genuchten, 1980
Van Genuchten指数$\lambda$	0.45	Rutqvist et al, 2009
基质沉积物中的毛细管入口压力${{P}_{0}}$/Pa	$2.3\times {{10}^{5}}$	Liu et al, 2011
裂隙中的${{P}_{0}}$/Pa	144	Daigle et al, 2011; Pruess et al, 1990
基质沉积物中的残余孔隙水饱和度${{S}_{\text{irA}}}$	0.19
裂隙中的${{S}_{\text{irA}}}$	0.09
最大孔隙水饱和度${{S}_{\text{mxA}}}$	1.0	Rutqvist et al , 2009
基质沉积物中的最大毛细管压力${{P}_{\text{cap,mx}}}$/Pa	$6.5\times {{10}^{7}}$	Liu et al, 2011
裂隙中的${{P}_{\text{cap,mx}}}$/Pa	$5.0\times {{10}^{7}}$
相对渗透率模型 (Modified Stone’s模型)	${{k}_{\text{rA}}}={{\left[ {\left( {{S}_{\text{a}}}-{{S}_{\text{irA}}} \right)}/{\left( 1-{{S}_{\text{irA}}} \right)}\; \right]}^{n}}$ ${{k}_{\text{rG}}}={{\left[ {\left( {{S}_{\text{g}}}-{{S}_{\text{irG}}} \right)}/{\left( 1-{{S}_{\text{irA}}} \right)}\; \right]}^{n}}$	Moridis et al, 2008
基质沉积物中的残余孔隙水饱和度${{S}_{\text{irA}}}$	0.20	Rutqvist et al, 2009
裂隙中的${{S}_{\text{irA}}}$	0.10
基质沉积物中的残余气体饱和度${{S}_{\text{irG}}}$	0.02	Liu et al, 2007; Rutqvist et al, 2009
裂隙中的${{S}_{\text{irG}}}$	0.01
相对渗透率指数n	3.57	Rutqvist et al, 2009

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

References 52

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参数名称	数值	参考文献
沉积物颗粒的密度/($\text{kg}\cdot {{\text{m}}^{-\text{3}}}$)	2650	Garg et al, 2008
甲烷在孔隙水中的扩散系数/(${{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}\cdot {{\text{s}}^{-\text{1}}}$)	$\text{1}{{\text{0}}^{-\text{9}}}$	Garg et al, 2008
盐离子在孔隙水中的扩散系数/(${{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}\cdot {{\text{s}}^{-\text{1}}}$)	$\text{1}{{\text{0}}^{-\text{9}}}$	Garg et al, 2008
沉积物颗粒的半径/m	$\text{1}\text{.48}\times \text{1}{{\text{0}}^{-\text{6}}}$	Gràcia et al, 2005
沉积物压缩系数/$\text{P}{{\text{a}}^{-1}}$	${{10}^{-8}}$	Rutqvist et al, 2009
热膨胀系数/${{\text{K}}^{-1}}$	0.0

参数	数值
黏聚力/MPa	1.06
内摩擦系数	0.76
联接摩擦系数	0.76
拉伸强度/MPa	1.0
模型I的能量释放率/($\text{J}\cdot {{\text{m}}^{-\text{2}}}$)	1.0
模型II的能量释放率/($\text{J}\cdot {{\text{m}}^{-\text{2}}}$)	10.0
质量系数	300
第一拉梅常数λ	$2.31\times {{10}^{9}}$
第二拉梅常数μ	$1.538\times {{10}^{9}}$
弹性惩罚因子	$4.0\times {{10}^{9}}$
接触惩罚因子	$4.0\times {{10}^{8}}$
界面摩擦系数	0.76
最大拉伸强度/MPa	1000
实验尺度的联接粗糙度系数	15
实验尺度的联接压缩强度/MPa	120
联接样本长度/m	0.2

Codes coupling method for simulating hydraulic fracturing within the gas hydrate stability zone

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