西太平洋侏罗纪海洋地壳断裂特征及其成因机制*

doi:10.11978/2021130

Abstract

Abstract:

The Jurassic crust is thought to be the oldest existing oceanic crust, with a very sparse distribution on Earth. The fault characteristics and structural deformation of the Jurassic crust remain poorly understood. In this study, we took full advantage of high-resolution reflective seismic profiles to examine the basement of Jurassic oceanic crust, sedimentary stratigraphy, and fault structures in the western Pacific. Our new results revealed three types of faults in the Jurassic crust, namely, basement fault, sedimentary fault, and collapsing fault. Geometric parameters and deformational characteristics of these faults were quantitatively studied in unprecedented detail, such as strike, dip, and displacement. Basement fault is formed by the bending and extending of oceanic crust, which continues to evolve to cut off the overlying sedimentary units and break through the seafloor to form distinct fault scarps during subsequent submarine sedimentation. Sedimentary fault is resulted from the gravity loading of sediment itself, with effect from the material properties of sedimentary layer. Collapsing fault is caused by the lateral movement of sediment above the intrusive magmatic body. The intrusion of magmatic body uplifts the existing oceanic crust and its overlying sediment, causing the existing basement fault and sedimentary fault to reactivate. Inferred strikes of active faults that cut through the basement and sediment are basically in agreement with the orientations of the Jurassic basement undulation, gravity anomaly abrupt-change boundaries, and magnetic lineations, implying that these faults were formed during the seafloor spreading at the Jurassic mid-ocean ridges and had been active till now. These faults developed on such old oceanic crust allow water to enter the lithosphere for a long time and enhance water cycling through plate subduction. Despite being absent of great earthquakes on these normal faults, they have the potential to evolve into giant seismogenic faults on the subducting plate. Here, we call for attention to tectonic evolution and geologic risk of these faults when they approach subduction zone.

Key words: oceanic crust, Jurassic, faulting, water cycling, earthquake

CLC Number:

P534.52

ZHANG Jinchang, YANG Xiaodong, LIN Jingxue, QU Meng, LUO Yiming. Characteristics and formation mechanisms of faults on the Jurassic oceanic crust in the western Pacific Ocean^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(3): 1-15.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 70

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参数名称	数值
GI 空气枪数量	2支
空气枪容量	约1.8L
空气枪拖曳水深	4m
放炮间距	25m
接收电缆长度	870m
接收电缆道数	48道
道间距	12.5m
电缆拖曳水深	4m
采样间隔	1ms
记录长度	11.5s
主频范围	50~200Hz
水平叠加次数	12次
共深度点炮集间距	6.25m
水平分辨率	6.25m
垂直分辨率	约2~5m
总测线长度	794.434km
测线方位角	205°~213°
测线起点坐标	22°34′50″N, 166°38′38″E
测线终点坐标	17°13′10″N, 161°36′19″E

断层类型	推测走向	倾向	倾角	最大垂直位移/s	断层最大长度/s	地表形变	错断基底
基底断层	99°~147°	南西	80°~90°	0.3	0.6	是	是
沉积断层	/	/	90°	/	0.2	否	否
垮塌断层	115°~133°	南西	85°~90°	0.1	0.6	部分是	部分是

Characteristics and formation mechanisms of faults on the Jurassic oceanic crust in the western Pacific Ocean^*

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Characteristics and formation mechanisms of faults on the Jurassic oceanic crust in the western Pacific Ocean*

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Characteristics and formation mechanisms of faults on the Jurassic oceanic crust in the western Pacific Ocean^*