暖池季节变化的数值模拟及其对海表热力和动力强迫的敏感性

doi:10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Both heat and momentum fluxes from three sets of data sources are compared in this study, and are used as the up-per boundary condition of a global oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) with which sensitivity experiments to these fluxes are conducted. Through comparison among numerical sensitivity experiments, the authors evaluate the model’s ability in simulating seasonal cycle of the equatorial Indian and Pacific Ocean warm pool, and explore its sensitivity to surface heat and momentum forcing. Firstly, numerical simulations show that the ocean model can reproduce realistic seasonal cycle of the extension and magnitude of the warm pool in the equatorial western Pacific and Indian oceans and the difference in the sea-sonal cycle between these two ocean basins. Increased vertical resolution in the upper model ocean can improve effectively the simulated seasonal cycle of surface mixed layer depth. Secondly, the simulated seasonal cycle of the warm pool basically de-pends on both seasonal cycle of heat fluxes and mixed layer depth, but the simulations can hardly reflect the impact from the vertical entrainment and turbulent mixing, which is probably resulted from coarse temporal resolution in the external forcing fields; as a result, some important synoptic processes are not included in turbulent mixing, thus it is necessary to increase the temporal resolution of the external forcing in future. Finally, inter-comparison among the numerical experiments forced with different heat and momentum fluxes shows that the equatorial Indian Ocean warm pool is sensitive to differences in both the heat and mo-mentum fluxes, but the equatorial western Pacific Ocean warm pool is only sensitive to the differences in the heat fluxes.

Key words: warm pool, OGCM, heat flux, wind stress, surface mixed layer depth

YU Yong-qiang,LI Chao,WANG Dong-xiao,LIU Hai-long. Numerical simulation of seasonal cycle in the warm pool and its sensitivity to surface heat flux and momentum forcing[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2011, 30(1): 1-10.

References

[1] RAMANATHAN V, COLLINS W. Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Niño[J]. Nature, 1991, 351: 27–32.

[2] WALISER D E, GRAHAM N E. Convective cloud systems and warm-pool sea-surface temperatures—Coupled interactions and self-regulation[J]. J Geophys Res, 1993, 98D: 12881–12893.

[3] Fu R, DELGENIO A D, ROSSOW W B, et al. Cirrus cloud thermostat for tropical sea surface temperatures tested using satellite data[J]. Nature, 1992, 358: 394–397.

[4] DELGENIOA D, KOVARI W. Climatic properties of tropical precipitating convection under varying environmental conditions[J]. J Climate, 2002,15: 2597–2615.

[5] HARTMANN D L, MICHELSEN M L. Large-scale effects on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature [J]. J Climate, 1993, 6: 2049–2062.

[6] ZHANG G J, RAMANATHAN V, MCPHADEN M J. Convection-evaporation feedback in the equatorial Pacific[J]. J Climate, 1995, 8: 3040–3051.

[7] PIERRHUMBERT R T. Thermostats, radiator fins, and the runaway greenhouse[J]. J Atmos Sci, 1995, 52: 1784–1806.

[8] LARSON K, HARTMANN D L, KLEIN S A. On the role of clouds, water vapor, circulation, and boundary layer structure on the sensitivity of the tropical climate[J]. J Climate, 1999, 12: 2359–2374.

[9] MILLER R L. Tropical thermostats and low cloud cover[J]. J Climate, 1997, 10: 409–440.

[10] SUN D-Z, LIU Z. Dynamic ocean–atmosphere coupling: A thermostat for the tropics[J]. Science, 1996, 272: 1148–1150.

[11] CLEMENT A C, SEAGER R, CANE M A, et al. An ocean dynamical thermostat[J]. J Climate, 1996, 9: 2190–2196.

[12] CLEMENT A C, SEAGER R. Climate and the tropical oceans[J]. J Climate, 1999, 12: 3384–3401.

[13] VINAYACHANDRAN P N, SHETYE S R. The warm pool in the Indian Ocean[J]. Proc Indian Acad Sci：Earth & Planetary Sci., 1991,100: 165-175.

[14] 周天军, 张学洪.印度洋海气热通量交换研究[J].大气科学, 2002, 26(2): 161－170.

[15] RAO R R, MOLINARI R L, FIESTA J F. Evolution of the climatological near-surface thermal structure of the tropical Indian Ocean: 1. Description of mean monthly mixed layer depth, and sea surface temperature, surface current, and surface meteorological fields[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 105: 985–1015.

[16] UNNIKRISHNANA S, KUMAR S P, NAVELKAR G S. Large-scale processes in the upper layers of the Indian Ocean inferred from temperature climatology[J]. J Mar Res, 1997, 55: 93-115.

[17] CLEMENT A C, SEAGER R, MURTUGUDDE R. Why are there tropical warm pools? [J] J Climate, 2005, 18: 5294-5311.

[18] 刘海龙. 高分辨率海洋环流模式和热带太平洋上层环流的模拟研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所, 2002.

[19] 刘海龙, 俞永强, 李薇, 等. LASG/IAP气候系统海洋模式(LICOM1.0)参考手册[R]//大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)技术报告特刊. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 1-108.

[20] 张学洪, 俞永强, 宇如聪, 等. 一个大洋环流模式和相应的海气耦合模式的评估 I. 热带太平洋的年平均状态[J]. 大气科学, 1003, 27: 949-970.

[21] LIU HAILONG, ZHANG XUEHONG, LI WEI, et al. An eddy-permitting oceanic general circulation model and its preliminary evaluation[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2004, 21: 675-690.

[22] GENT P R, MCWILLIAMS J C. Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models[J]. J Phys Oecanogr, 1990, 20: 150-155.

[23] PACANOWSKIR C, PHILANDER G. Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of the tropical ocean[J]. J Phys Oceanogr, 1981, 11: 1442-1451.

[24] FRANK R. An atlas of surface fluxes based on the ECMWF re-analysis—a climatological dataset to force global ocean general circulation models[R]//Report No. 323. Hamburg: Max-Planck- Institut für Meteorologie, 2001: 1-31.

[25] STEPHENS C, ANTONOV J I, BOYER T P, et al. World Ocean Atlas 2001, Volume 1: Temperature[C]//LEVITUS S. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 49, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash, D C, 2002: 1-167. CD-ROMs.

[26] YU YONGQIANG, ZHNEG WEIPENG, WANG BIN, et al. The IAP Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model versions g1.0 and g1.1[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2010, doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9112-5.

[27] YU YONGQINAG, SUN DE-ZHENG. Response of ENSO to subtropical cooling: A study using the IAP coupled model[J]. J Climate, 2009, 22: 5902-5917.

[28] YU YONGQIANG, ZHI HAI, WANG BIN, et al. Coupled model simulations of climate changes in the 20th century and beyond[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2008, 25: 641-654.

[29] 俞永强, 郑伟鹏, 刘海龙, 等. LASG耦合气候系统模式FGCM-1.0[J]. 地球物理学报, 2007, 50: 1677-1687.

[30] YU YONGQINAG, ZHANG XUEHONG, GUO YUFU. Global coupled ocean- atmosphere general circulation models in LASG/IAP[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2004, 21: 444-455.

[31] YU YONGQIANG, YU RUCONG, ZHANG XUEHONG, et al. A flexible global coupled climate model[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2002, 19: 169-190.

[32] GIBSON J K, KALLBERG P, UPPALA S, et al. ERA Description, ECMWF Reanalysis Project Report Series 1[R]. European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast, Reading, UK. 1997: 1-66.

[33] JOSEY S A, KENT E C, TAYLOR P K. The Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) ocean-atmosphere heat, momentum and freshwater flux atlas[R]. Southampton Oceanography Centre Report No. 6, 1998: 1-25.

[34] HOFFMAN R N, LEIDNER S M. An introduction to the near-real time QuikSCAT data[J]. Wea Forecasting, 2005, 20: 476–493.

[35] KALNAY E, KANAMITSU M, KISTLER R, et al. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 1996, 77: 437-471.

[36] YU L, WELLER R A, SUN B. Improving latent and sensible heat flux estimates for the Atlantic Ocean (1988-1999) by a synthesis approach[J]. J Clim, 2004, 17: 373-393.

[37] WU FANGHUA, LIU HAILONG, LI JIANGLONG, et al. Effect of adjusting vertical resolution on the eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2005, 24(3): 1-12.

[38] LIU HAILONG, LIN WUYIN, ZHANG MINGHUA. Heat budget of the upper ocean in the south central Equatorial Pacific[J]. Journal of Climate, 2010, 23 (7): 1779-1792.

[39] 李超. 东半球暖池季节变化与上混合层热收支分析[D]. 广州:中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 2007.

Numerical simulation of seasonal cycle in the warm pool and its sensitivity to surface heat flux and momentum forcing

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 14

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	SUN Zeming, HAN Shuzong, WANG Mingjie, SU Hanxiang. Statistical study on the influence of typhoon with different path on the temperature of coastal waters of China [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 17-31.
[2]	XIN Hongyu, XIE Qiang, WANG Weiqiang. Seasonal variation of East India Coastal Current and its transports of heat and salt [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(2): 38-51.
[3]	XU Changsan, SONG Xiangzhou, QI Yiquan. On the mechanisms behind diurnal variations in air-sea turbulent heat fluxes under different boundary layer stability [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(3): 57-68.
[4]	Xiangqing HUANG, Zhen’ang CUI, Kai LIANG, Huayang GAN, Zhen XIA, Zhenhai HUO. The primary sedimentary characteristics of Warm Pool in Beibu Gulf and its environmental indication^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(1): 72-89.
[5]	Yongjun SONG, Danling TANG. Mixed layer depth responses to tropical cyclones Kalmaegi and Fung-Wong in the northeastern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(1): 15-24.
[6]	QI Peng, LI Shasha, CAO Lei. Local factors affecting decadal variability of Luzon Strait transport [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2016, 35(4): 1-10.
[7]	YAN Tong, QI Yi-quan, JING Zhi-you. A numerical study on the responses of the South China Sea upper circulation to different climatological wind products [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2015, 34(4): 1-11.
[8]	DU Mei-fang, XU Hai-ming, ZHOU Chao. Analysis of non-uniform sea surface temperature warming over the tropical oceans and its causes based on CMIP5 data [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2015, 34(3): 1-12.
[9]	WANG Wen-jie, XU Jian. Salinity effect on Holocene Mg/Ca-temperature estimation from the Indo-Pacific warm-pool sediment samples [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2014, 33(2): 94-100.
[10]	MA Ying-sheng, HUANG Fei, HUANG Jian, WANG Hong. Observational study on heat flux in the coastal zone of Pearl River mouth in spring 2006 [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2012, 31(4): 49-57.
[11]	SHAN Hai-xia,GUAN Yu-ping,WANG Dong-xiao,HUANG Jian-ping. Responses of equatorial ocean to rare typhoon Vamei [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2012, 31(1): 28-34.
[12]	PAN Ai-jun,WAN Xiao-fang,LIU Qin-yu . Diagnostics of mixed-layer thermodynamics in the formation regime of the North Pacific subtropical mode water [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2011, 30(5): 8-18.
[13]	SUN Cheng-xue,LIU Qin-yu . Double eddy structure of the winter Luzon Cold Eddy based on satellite altimeter data [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2011, 30(3): 9-15.
[14]	YANG Qi,CHEN Gui-ying,SHANG Xiao-dong. Distribution characteristics of critical periods of Rossby waves and sea-surface height anomaly power spectra in the South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2010, 29(4): 20-25.